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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Abnormal activation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption leads to the loss of bone mass, damage and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which is an important cause of osteoporosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be a potential target and tool for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibits osteoclast differentiation. However, the physiological role of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway in osteoclast formation remains to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inhibitor of Wnt production 2 (IWP-2) on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS: (1) Bone marrow-derived macrophages were extracted. Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to assess the viability of bone marrow-derived macrophages after being treated with gradient concentrations from 0 to 40 μmol/L IWP-2 for 24, 72, or 120 hours. (2) Bone marrow-derived macrophages induced by 100 μg/L receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) were treated with 5 or 10 μmol/L IWP-2 and equivalent solvent, and precipitated proteins were collected at 0, 1, 3 and 5 days. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the inhibitory effect of IWP-2 on it during osteoclast differentiation were detected by western blot assay. (3) Bone marrow-derived macrophages induced by 100 μg/L RANKL were treated with nontoxic IWP-2 (0, 5, or 10 μmol/L) for 6 days. The effects of IWP-2 on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The mRNA expression of osteoclast-related genes including NFATc1, Oscar, CTSK, Acp5, Mmp9, and Dcstamp were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After treatment with different concentrations of IWP-2 for 24 hours, 10 μmol/L IWP-2 promoted the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages. After treatment with different concentrations of IWP-2 for 72 and 120 hours, the viability of bone marrow-derived macrophages was not significantly affected by IWP-2 at a concentration of 10 μmol/L or less, while high concentrations of IWP-2 (20, 30, and 40 μmol/L) inhibited the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages. (2) After 1, 3, and 5 days of RANKL stimulation, the protein expression of active β-catenin in the control group increased gradually, while that in the 5 and 10 μmol/L IWP-2 treatment group was significantly inhibited. (3) Many large and irregular TRAP-positive multinucleated mature osteoclasts were observed in the control group, while the number and size of the cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the IWP-2 treatment groups, suggesting that IWP-2 could inhibit osteoclast differentiation. (4) The expression levels of osteoclast-related genes including NFATc1, Oscar, CTSK, Acp5, Mmp9, and Dcstamp were all down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner after IWP-2 treatment. (5) To conclude, IWP-2 can inhibit osteoclast differentiation in vitro and may play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by directly or indirectly inhibiting the expression of osteoclast-elated genes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Energy Chemical Industry is the property of Energy Chemical Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Single cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a transformative technology to characterize complex tissues at unprecedented high resolution and answered questions that could not be addressed using traditional bulk RNA sequencing. However, the high complexity and huge data volume of single cell RNA sequencing data presents novel challenges to data analysis, one of which is how to deal with batch effects. Batch effects are technical biases that may cofound results of analyses of high throughput biological data. Meanwhile, the sources of batch effect are complex and the mitigation of batch effect is highly context-dependent. Different processing pipelines including evaluation, analysis, measurement and mitigation are performed, depending on tissue type, sequencing technology, experimental design and so on. The need to measure batch effects is more prone to be neglected in analyses of single cell data. However, measuring batch effects can help identify the source of the batch effects, their proportion of data variation explained and their impact on data analysis and the choice of methods of mitigation, enabling effective handling of the batch effects. Therefore, this review is primarily concerned with batch effects in single cell RNA data, addressing the concepts of batch effects, differences between the handlings of batch effects in single cell RNA data and bulk RNA data, methods of measuring batch effects and major challenges at present. Finally, the future advancement in batch effects measurement is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Astrocytes can be activated into A1 and A2 subtypes of reactive astrocytes, which are completely different in gene, molecule and function, and have different specific roles in spinal cord injury repair. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been proven to be an important inflammatory and immune factor after spinal cord injury, which can cause cell edema, inflammatory reaction and apoptosis; however, its effect on reactive astrocytes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activation of rat spinal cord astrocytes into reactive astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) and to explore the effect of HMGB1 on different subtypes of reactive astrocytes and the relevant mechanism. METHODS: Rat spinal cord astrocytes were cultured to the third generation. Cell morphology was observed after OGD/R treatment, activation of reactive astrocytes was detected by western blot assay, and migration ability of the cells was detected by cell scratch assay. After inhibition of HMGB1, the cells were divided into five groups: normal group, OGD6 h/R6 h group, HMGB1 interference group, negative sequence group, and OGD6 h/R6 h+12 μmol/L ethyl pyruvate group (an HMGB1 inhibitor). Western blot assay and immunofluorescence method were used to detect the expression of C3 and S100A10 in different subtypes of reactive astrocytes, and cell scratch assay was used to detect the migration of reactive astrocytes. To explore the possible mechanism underlying the effect of HMGB1 on reactive astrocytes, the cells were divided into four groups: normal group, OGD6 h/R6 h group, OGD6 h/R6 h+5 µmol/L CLI-095 group (a toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor), and OGD6 h/R6 h+5 µmol/L BAY 11-7082 group (a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor). Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor-B, C3, and S100A10. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Oxygen-glucose deprived cells were shrunk in size and had an increased migration capacity. After reoxygen-glucose treatment, the cell volume was increased and A1 and A2 reactive astrocytes were activated. S100A10 expression was the highest at OGD6 h/R6 h and C3 expression was peaked at OGD6 h/R12 h (P < 0.05). (2) Effects of silencing or inhibition of HMGB1 expression on reactive astrocytes: Compared with the OGD6 h/R6 h group, inhibition of HMGB1 significantly reduced the expression of C3 (P < 0.05), increased the expression of S100A10 (P < 0.05), and enhanced cell migration ability. (3) Compared with the OGD6 h/R6 h group, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 decreased in the OGD6 h/R6 h+CLI 095 group (P < 0.05), while the expression of nuclear factor-κB and C3 decreased and the expression of S100A10 increased in the OGD6 h/R6 h+CLI 095 group and OGD6 h/R6 h+BAY 11-7082 group (P < 0.05). (4) To conclude, astrocytes can be activated into two different subtypes of reactive astrocytes after OGD/R. Inhibition of HMGB1 can reduce A1 reactive astrocytes, increase A2 reactive astrocytes, and enhance cell migration ability through the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth doped fluorite halides play important roles in the fields of economy, national defense, and so on. The trivalent rare earth ions easily cluster in fluorite halides due to the special crystal structure. However, the systematic investigation into the aggregation of rare earth ions is rarely reported. In this work, the cluster structure characteristics, evolution patterns and their connections, as well as the influencing factors were systematically studied. It is found that the stabilities of 1|0|0|11 (C4v) and 1|0|0|12 (C3v) rare earth monomers vary with the ionic radius, and the trends are different in different matrix crystals, which are consistent with the analysis of lattice distortion. The coupling of lattice distortion and coulomb interactions determines the site occupations of charge compensation interstitial halide ions, i. e. the relative stabilities of C4v and C3v center. Additionally, the covalent effect makes the monomer structures of rare earth doped PbF2 and SrCl2 are different from that of CaF2, SrF2 and BaF2. The study also reveals the relationship of energy difference slopes of monomers with crystal ionicity and cell size. The structures of high-order rare earth clusters were also studied and its evolutions are intimately related with that of monomer centers. The criterion of relative stabilities in high-order clusters is proposed, which provides a guideline for the exploration, screening and development of new rare earth doped fluorite halides, and its application scope is highly expected to be extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to investigate the rule of pulpy growth and the influence of cell size and morphology on pulpy development, two kinds of bitter gourd with different pulp thickness(LXl - 3 and ZK54) were used to analyze the dynamic changes of pulpy thickness and the parameters of cell size and morphology in different periods. and to study the correlation between different indexes. The results show that: (1) Pulp thickness increased as the fruit, develops, and significantly different between two germplasms at 17 and 23 days after flowering. (2) Cell area of LX1 - 3 was significantly different at 10,17and 23 days after flowering, andcell perimeter, length and width were significantly different at all 4 sampling times. Cell area of ZK54 was significantly larger at 17 days after flowering than at 10 days after flowering, cell perimeter and length were significantly different at 3, 10 and 17 days after flowering, cell width was significantly different at all 4 sampling times. Cell area, perimeter, length and width of LX1 - 3 at. 17 and 23 days after flowering-were significantly greater than ZK54. (3) Cell aspect ratio and roundness of LX1 - 3 at 17 and 23 days after flowering were sign辻icantly greater than at 3 and 10 days after flowering. Cell aspect ratio and roundness of ZK54 were signficantly higher at 17days after flowering than at 3 and 10 days after flowering, but these indicators at 23 days after flowering were rather smaller than at 17 days after flowering. Cell aspect ratio and roundness of LX1 - 3 were signficantly higher than ZK54 at 17 and 23 days after flowering. (4) Correlation analysis showed that cell size and morphological parameters were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with flesh thickness, indicating that cell development played a key role in the growth of bitter melon fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In recent years, primary neuronal cell models have played an important role in brain diseases. The characteristics of such cell models are closer to disease cells and can be used to simulate various neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE: To establish a convenient and practical culture method that can simultaneously extract primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. METHODS: The SD rats within 24 hours of the newborn were sacrificed by chiropractic method, and then sterilized with 75% ethanol. After separating the skull and meninges using forceps, the whole brain was dissected out. The cerebrovascular membrane was stripped, and the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were dissociated. The sequential digestion protocol of papain and appropriate amount of DNase was used. After pipetting, centrifugation, and filtration, the samples were inoculated into L-polylysine-coated six-well plates and slides. DMEM-F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum was used as the seeding medium. 6 hours later, the serum-free special medium containing Neurobasal B27 was used. After culturing for 7 days, the cell morphology and growth state were observed under the microscope. The cortical and hippocampal neurons were identified by β-Tubulin immunofluorescence method and Neun antibody immunohistochemistry. The marker MAP2 immunofluorescence method was applied to identify the purity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) 24 hours after inoculation, the volume of cells became clear, presented irregular circles, surrounded by halos, and a few cells had small protrusions, all of which had grown adherently to the wall. After 3 days of continuous culture, the cell bodies gradually increased; some of them grew in clusters; synapses were elongated; and cross-links appeared between cells. After 7 days of continuous culture, the cell body was mature and full; the cytoplasm was significantly increased; the halo was enhanced; and a denser neuronal network was formed. (2) Neurons were identified by Neun antibody immunohistochemistry and β-Tubulin immunofluorescence method. The purities of cortical and hippocampal neurons were (94.00±0.34)% and (91.00±0.26)%, respectively detected using neuronal marker MAP2 immunofluorescence method. Neuronal cells could be used for experiments. (3) These results suggest that the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were isolated from the same batch of neonatal SD rats within 24 hours. After sequential digestion with papain and DNase, high-quality hippocampal and cortical neurons can be extracted. The neurons obtained by this protocol have high purity and simplified operation, and can be used as the basis for various neurological disease cell models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) are the key proteins that influence the browning of white adipocytes. Endurance exercise can effectively reduce the body mass of mice, but there is no conclusion on the impact of high-intensity endurance exercise on the expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and FNDC5 proteins in white adipose tissue of obese mice induced by high-fat diet. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of high-intensity endurance exercise on the expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α and FNDC5 related to the browning of white adipocytes in mice with high-fat diet induced obesity. METHODS: Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal diet for 1 week and then fed 8 weeks of high-fat diet to establish a mouse model of nutritional obesity. The control mice were fed normal diet. After 1 week of adaptive treadmill exercise, obese mice were subjected to high-intensity endurance treadmill exercise, while the control mice did not have exercise. After 8 weeks, epididymal and groin white adipose tissue of mice was separated and the fat mass changes were compared between groups. A portion of adipose tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the remaining adipose tissue was used to detect the expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and FNDC5 that were related to the browning of white adipocytes by western blot and the expression changes were compared between groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) High-fat diet could obviously increase the mass and cell volume of white adipose tissue in mice. (2) High-fat diet could remarkably reduce the expression of FNDC5 protein in white adipose tissue and slightly reduce the expression of UCP-1 and PGC-1α. However, there was no significant difference from the normal mice. (3) High-intensity endurance exercise could effectively reduce the mass and cell volume of white adipose tissue in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. (4) High-intensity endurance exercise could considerably increase the expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and FNDC5 proteins in white adipose tissue, suggesting that high-intensity endurance exercise could remarkably promote the browning of white adipocytes in mice, thereby accelerating fat thermogenesis to achieve the purpose of reducing white adipose tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The TPEE/PTFE nanofiber composites were prepared by means of a melt blending method, and the effect of different processing technologies on PTFE fibrosis was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of PTFE content on the crystallization behavior, rheological behavior and foaming behavior of TPEE were studied. The results indicated that PT-FE fiber promoted the crystallization of TPEE and improved the rheological properties of TPEE. The high specific surface area of nanofibers can provide a large number of nucleation sites for cell nucleation, effectively improving the cell density and reducing the cell size. The TPEE/PTFE composite foam obtained an average cell size of 3.2 μm and a cell density of 3.11x1010 cells/cm³ at a PTFE content of 2 phr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: On the basis of studying the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, it is one of the hot topics in regenerative medicine to reveal their migration mechanism. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of concentrated growth factor on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Concentrated growth factor was extracted from rat heart vein by variable speed centrifugation. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro and divided into experimental and control groups. Cells in the experimental groups were cultured in α-MEM complete medium supplemented with 5%, 10% and 20% concentrated growth factors by volume fraction, separately. Cells in the control group were cultured in α-MEM complete medium without concentrated growth factor. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration was detected by scratch test and Transwell migration chamber assay. Osteogenic differentiation was detected by alizarin red staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Concentrated growth factor with different volume fractions could promote the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with different volume fractions. (2) The scratch test showed that the migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could be promoted in the experimental groups, and the migration rate of 10% concentrated growth factor group was fastest at 12 hours. Transwell migration chamber assay showed that the number of migrated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the experimental groups was higher than that in the control group. The number of migrated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was highest in the 10% concentrated growth factor group. (3) Alizarin red staining showed that the total number of calcium nodules in the experimental groups was higher than that in the control group on day 7. (4) The results showed that all concentrated growth factors with different volume fractions could promote the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. The 10% concentrated growth factor had a faster ability to promote the migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rubber Industry is the property of Editorial Office of China Rubber Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to provide new data for clarification of the generic relationship in Hypoxidacae, morphology, ultrastructure, and anatomy of leaf from five species in this family were investigated using microscope, scanning electronic microscope(SEM), and paraffin section. It turned out that there were five points of views as below:(1)Three types of leaf shapes were characterized, including small-even, middle-wave, and large-plicate.(2)Trichomes were single-celled and uniseriate, and grouped into pilose, strigose and stellate types.(3)Shapes of leaf epidermal cells were hexagon and pentagon, while stomata was paracytic and elliptic with a negative correlation between size and density.(4)Sculptures of wax in epidermis was classified into smooth, granular, scales and crust types.(5)Leaf anatomy revealed two types of vascular bundles, leaf transection of midrib had flat and carinate types, and its shape was divided into round and oblong, with relevance between thickness of epidermis and size of epidermal cells. Based on comparative morphology and anatomy of leaf, it is suggested that complex of some characteristics would be helpful for understanding of generic relationships in Hypoxis, Curculigo and Molineria, while other characteristics for species identifications. In addition, Molineria should be regarded as an independent genus from Curculigo sensu lato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) / Huanan Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) is the property of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The application of poly3-hydroxybutyrate 4-hydroxybutyrate (P34HB) scaffolds in tissue engineering has been limited due to lacking hydrophilicity. OBJECTIVE: To explore the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of P34HB as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG) co-solvent mixed graphene oxide (GO) electroplating scaffolds. METHODS: The scaffolds of P34HB, P34HB/PEG and P34HB/PEG/GO had been prepared by electrospinning technology. The three-dimensional structure of the scaffold had been observed by scanning electron microscopy. The contact angle of water droplets on the scaffold had been measured by optical measuring instrument. The tensile stress, strain and elastic modulus of electrospinning frame were analyzed by mechanical tester. The three kinds of scaffolds had been cocultured with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells respectively. Cell adhesion had been detected by MTT assay. Cell proliferation was detected by Alamar blue assay. Cell survival rate had been observed by Live/Dead fluorescence staining. Cell morphology had been observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy had showed random distribution of scaffold fibers in the three groups, and the fiber diameters of P34HB, P34HB/PEG, and P34HB/PEG/GO groups gradually decreased. (2) The contact angles of P34HB/PEG and P34HB/PEG/GO scaffolds were smaller than that of the P34HB scaffold (P < 0.01). (3) The strain rates of P34HB/PEG and P34HB/PEG/GO scaffolds were lower than that of P34HB scaffold (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the elastic modulus of P34HB/PEG/GO scaffolds was higher than that of P34HB/PEG scaffold (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the tensile strength among the three groups (P > 0.05). (4) At 1, 3, and 6 hours of co-culture, the number of cell adhesion in the P34HB/PEG/GO group was higher than that in the P34HB and P34HB/PEG groups (P < 0.01), and the number of cell adhesion in the P34HB/PEG group was higher than that in the P34HB group (P < 0.01). (5) At 4 and 7 days of co-culture, the proliferation of cells in the P34HB/PEG/GO group was faster than that in the P34HB group and P34HB/PEG group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (6) After 7 days of co-culture, scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface cell volume of P34HB/PEG/GO scaffold was largest and best spread, and the cell survival rate of Live/Dead fluorescence staining group was highest. (7) The results have showed that P34HB/PEG/GO electrospinning scaffold had certain mechanical properties and good hydrophilicity, and could effectively promote cell proliferation and adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Increasing attention has been paid to vascular components of the adipose-derived matrix and adipose-derived stem cells in tissue engineering. Existing methods for separating the vascular components of the adipose-derived matrix mainly include enzymatic and bolus injection, both of which have fatal disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: To search for a method for preparing adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions with high efficiency, safety, and simplicity. METHODS: The group without any treatment was used as the negative control, and the enzymatic hydrolysis method served as the positive control. The enzymatic hydrolysis method, traditional bolus method, modified bolus method, glass beads method and built-in ultrasonic waves method were compared through cell volume, survival rate, cell fragments, cell viability, increment rate and detection of microbial infection. The enzymatic hydrolysis method and the common bolus injection method were commonly used in the separation of vascular component cells of the fat source matrix; the improved bolus method was a method obtained by improving on the basis of the ordinary bolus method; the glass bead method was to use the glass bead to oscillate. The shear force generated was obtained by adding glass beads to the fat granules and shaking at 2 500 r/min for 9 minutes to prepare stromal vascular fraction cells. Using the built-in ultrasonic method, adipose tissue was treated at 25 W for 36 seconds to obtain stromal vascular fraction cells through a cavitation effect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The size of stromal vascular fraction cells isolated by five methods showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). (2)The cell viability was lowest in the negative control group, and highest in the enzymatic hydrolysis group. The cell viability in the enzymatic hydrolysis, glass bead, and built-in ultrasonic wave groups was significantly higher than that in the modified and traditional bolus groups (P < 0.05). (3) The cell survival rate and cell proliferation rate in the enzymatic hydrolysis, glass bead, and built-in ultrasonic wave groups were significantly higher than those in the modified and traditional bolus groups (P < 0.05). (4) The cell fragmentation rate and cell apoptosis rate in the enzymatic hydrolysis, glass bead, and built-in ultrasonic wave groups were significantly lower than those in the modified and traditional bolus groups (P < 0.05). (5) These results indicate that the built-in ultrasonic method and the glass bead method are better in enriching vascular components of the adipose-derived matrix. But glass bead method adds exogenous products, so it increases the risk of pollution. Built-in ultrasonic method inserts the ultrasound probe into the adipose tissue, but as long as the ultrasound probe is thoroughly sterilized, the risk of contamination is minimized. In general, the built-in ultrasonic method and the glass bead method are superior to modified and traditional bolus methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology is the property of Hebei University of Science & Technology, Journal of Hebei University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A high-performance metamaterial absorber based on 2.5-D miniaturization design is proposed in this paper， whose absorbing band covers the UHF radio frequency identification （RFID） operation band worldwide. The absorber uses metallized vias to increase electrical length and expand absorption bandwidth. Polarization difference caused by the thickness of the dielectric in this process can be reduced by adjusting resistance of the upper or lower layer separately. Size of the unit cell is miniaturized to 13.6 mm×13.6 mm， about 1/60λ at the center frequency. Detailed simulation and experimental results show that the 2.5-D miniaturized high - performance metamaterial absorber has absorptivity of more than 99% among 840-- 960 MHz on average. Compared with the results in published literature，the 95% absorption bandwidth is increased more than 45%. Thus，the absorber can be used to improve the reliability of RFID systems in restricted spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It is of great clinical significance to explore methods for efficient and stable access to stromal vascular component cells. Current methods for separating stromal vascular components mainly include enzymatic hydrolysis, bolus injection method, and contact ultrasonic pulverization method. For contact ultrasonic pulverization, there are many problems to be solved, such as low safety, low cell survival rate, and material contamination. Therefore, non-contact ultrasonic pulverization can solve these problems well. OBJECTIVE: To find an optimal method for harvesting adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells by non-contact ultrasound approach. METHODS: The human body fat tissue (subcutaneous fat) used was provided by the Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Family Physician. Patients were eligible if they had no other basic diseases in the physical examination. All the patients were informed of study protocol and signed informed consent before sampling. The fat tissues were treated with three different ultrasonic instruments (approximately 800 W for ultrasonic cleaner, 1 000 W for ultrasonic cell crusher, and 1 200 W for non-contact ultrasonic cell crusher) for 15, 20, and 25 minutes. Contact ultrasonic crushing method (100 W, 16 seconds) was used as control. Stromal vascular fraction cell size, number of survived cells, cell viability, cell fragmentation rate and microbial infection were measured. The study was implemented in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements of Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Family Physician. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The viability of stromal vascular fraction cells obtained by the three methods was significantly higher than that by the contact ultrasonic crushing method (P < 0.05). The contamination degree of stromal vascular fraction cells obtained by the three methods was significantly lower than that obtained by the contact ultrasonic crushing method (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the size of stromal vascular fraction cells obtained by the three methods (P > 0.05). The cell fragments of stromal vascular fraction cells obtained by the three methods were significantly less than those by contact ultrasonic crushing method (P < 0.05). It is preferred to perform 20 minutes treatment by non-contact ultrasonic cell crusher followed by enzymatic separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Various methods have been introduced to isolate mesenchymal stem cells of different origins. A full understanding of similarities and differences among mesenchymal stem cells of different origins will contribute to the rational and standardized application of mesenchymal stem cells in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells of different origins. METHODS: We collected umbilical cord, placenta and part of adipose tissues that were shed from parturients after cesarean delivery, and decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells, chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells at the junction between umbilical cord and placenta, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were cultured by trypsinization or tissue explant method. There were three kinds of stem cell culture media, including stem cell culture medium containing fetal bovine serum, stem cell culture medium containing cord blood lysate, and serum-free stem cell culture medium. Cell diameter, surface markers and multi-directional differentiation ability under different culture conditions were examined. Gene expression of different mesenchymal stem cells was analyzed by retrieval of the GEO database. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Under different culture conditions, there were no differences in cell size and cell cycle. The diameter of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in serum-free culture system was decreased, while the diameter of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the stem cell culture medium containing cord blood lysate increased. Mesenchymal stem cells of five origins had similar surface markers, osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic abilities, in which adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have stronger adipogenic ability. Moreover, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are different from other kinds of stem cells in term of gene expression, and have complex extracellular matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A critical tube diameter measurement system was established for C2H2-2.502-Ar mixtures detonation. Initiation of detonation was accomplished via a high voltage spark energy source. The critical tube diameters under different initial pressures of C2H2-2.502, C2H2-2.502- 50%Ar, C2H2-2.502-70%Ar mixtures were measured in experiments. The results show that, with the increasing of argon dilution for the same tube diameter, the critical pressure, at which the planar detonation can emerge from a tube into unconfined space to form a spherical detonation, increases as well, that indicates the sensitivity of the mixtures detonation decreases. In addition, the relationship between critical tube diameter and cell size for those mixtures were investigated. Finally, the correlation between critical tube diameter and critical energy of direct initiation was analyzed. Good agreement was found by comparing the experiment data with Lee's surface energy model. Therefore, the parametric function between critical tube diameter and the critical energy would be Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish a model for predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-related acute-onchronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) based on red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores., Methods: A total of 245 patients with HBV-ACLF were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical data and results of routine hematological tests, liver function, renal function, coagulation test, HBV-DNA, and other indicators at admission. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to test the short-term risk factors for death of the patients, and the MELD-RDW model was established. The accuracy of each index and the established model was verified using the ROC curve., Results: The surviving patients with HBV-ACLF had significantly decreased RDW (14.97 ± 1.38) and MELD score (23.54±4.35) compared with those in the patients dead within 90 days (17.05±2.92 and 28.95±5.99, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that RDW was a significant independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with HBVACLF (OR=1.840, 95%CI: 1.47902.289, P &lt; 0.005). The risk assessment model was [logisticMELD-RDW]=-9.375+0.582×RDW- 0.091×ALB-0.05×PTA+0.186×MELD. The area under the ROC curve of MELD score combined with RDW was 0.878, which was higher than RDW (0.724) and MELD score (0.780) alone., Conclusions: RDW is an independent prognostic indicator for mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF. Compared with MELD score, the risk assessment model based on MELD and RDW has a greater value in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF.

Objective: To explore the size changes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium malariae , so as to improve the basic-level experimenters' microscopy capabilities for P. malariae identification in thin blood smears., Methods: The microscopic features of erythrocytes infected with P. malariae in thin peripheral blood smears were observed, and a microscope image processing software was used to measure and analyze the diameter changes of the erythrocytes infected with P. malariae., Results: The diameter of erythrocytes infected with P. malariae decreased significantly compared with that of the normal erythrocytes. The three parameters in this study: the diameter of erythrocytes, the value of diameter variation, and the ratio of diameter variation varied at different developmental stages of P. malariae , and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The variances of the three parameters grouped by different cases or different developmental stages in different cases were analyzed, all showing statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01)., Conclusions: All the developmental stages of P. malariae will cause the decrease of the diameters of infected erythrocytes in peripheral blood smears, but the influence on the diameter of erythrocytes, value of diameter variation, and ratio of diameter variation varies at different developmental stages in different cases.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells deriving from the monocyte/macrophage haematopoietic lineage. They contain large amount of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K and play an important role in resorption of mineralized tissues such as bone and dentine. The resorption capabilities by osteoclasts are thought to be associated with several oral diseases such as periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis and osteoporosis. Osteoclast size is one of the key evaluating parameters of osteoclast resorption activities. Findings of osteoclast size regulation research may provide a novel breakthrough for the treatment of bone resorption disorder diseases. This article summarized and reviewed the previous relevant experiments and studies of osteoclast size regulation and its mechanism.

Objective: To determine the effect of AQP1 gene on facial nerve edema following injury through investigation of the relationship between the expression of AQP1 gene and Schwann cells swelling., Methods: The AQP1 expression in Schwann cells of mouse facial nerve tissues was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The transgenic protocol by lentivirus transduction was used to specifically upregulate AQP1 expression in Schwann cells. Lenti-AQP1 and CTRL (empty vector) transduced cells were observed during gene overexpression every 24 h for 6 days by using phase contrast microscopy. Cell volume of CTRL and Lenti-AQP1 treated cells was measured daily from the day of treatment, through day 6., Results: Schwann cell primary cultures maintained a high level of AQP1 water channels, representing an ideal cell model to study the role of AQP1 in the facial nerve. The expression of AQP1 mRNA and protein in Schwann cells infected with the Lenti-AQP1 was increased significantly compared with CTRL lentivirus (P < 0.05). Lenti-AQP1 caused cell swelling in cultured Schwann cells, as validated by cell volume determinations (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: AQP1 is an important factor responsible for the fast water transport of cultured Schwann cells. It plays an important role in facial nerve edema.

Objective: To isolate, identify and culture human spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and then obtain purified and enriched human SSCs for research and application., Methods: We detected the expression of CD90 in the human testis using the immunofluorescence technique and isolated human testicular spermatogenic cells by two-step enzymatic digestion, followed by differential plating and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with CD90 as an SSC marker. Then we identified the isolated CD90-positive spermatogenic cells by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, and meanwhile cocultured them with Sertoli cells in SG medium in vitro., Results: The isolated CD90-positive cells showed a relatively homogeneous characteristic in size and morphology and expressed the genes specific for human SSCs, with high expressions (90.5%) of GFRA1, GPR125, and UCHL1. After coculture with Sertoli cells in the SG medium for 2 weeks, the isolated CD90-positive cells maintained a good activity., Conclusion: CD90 can be regarded as a speci- fic marker for human SSCs and used to obtain highly enriched human SSCs by differential plating and MACS. Furthermore, the isolated human SSCs can be cultured in SG medium in vitro.

This paper reports one case of atypical falciparum malaria imported from Africa, whose blood smear contains many large trophozoites, with punctiform or massive brown pigment granules, the body shape of the plasmodium is similar to that of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. After the gene detection by PCR, the case was diagnosed as falciparum malaria. As large trophozoites were rarely seen in the peripheral blood of non-severe falciparum malaria cases, much attention should be paid to the identification of Plasmodium falciparum and other plasmodia in microscopic examinations.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of human oocyte morphometric parameters with fertilization and embryo development in the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles., Methods: The morphometric parameters of oocytes collected and submitted to evaluation using OCTAX Eye-ware software just before ICSI. Oocyte diameter (OD), perivitelline space width (PSW), zonapellucida thickness (ZPT) and the shape of first polar body (FPB) (intact or fragmented) were analyzed. A stepwise multivariate Logistic regression was used to test the association between the morphometric parameters and fertilization and embryo development., Results: In the study, 436 oocytes were measured and 370 were fertilized (84.9%), 225 fertilized oocytes were developed to high-quality embryos (60.8%). ZPT and PSW were associated with fertilization. The oocytes fertilized had thicker ZPT [(18.0±2.3) μm vs. (16.9±2.7) μm] and wider PSW [(14.4±3.3) μm vs. (13.2±3.9) μm]. The OD and shape of FPB were associated with embryos development. The oocytes developed to high-quality embryos had larger OD [(116.6±3.7) μm vs. (114.7±3.6) μm] and more intact FPB (86.2% vs. 66.7%)., Conclusion: The morphometric parameters of oocytes can indicate fertilization and embryo development.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ursolic acid on the chloride channels and cell volume in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z). The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to detect the current, and cell imaging technique was applied to measure cell volume. The properties of the currents induced by ursolic acid were investigated by changing the extracellular osmotic pressure, replacing the extracellular anions and applying chloride channel blockers. The results showed that, under isotonic conditions, the background current was weak and stable. When perfusing the cells with ursolic acid (100 nmol/L), a large current (-59.86 pA/pF ± 4.86 pA/pF at -80 mV, 78.92 pA/pF ± 6.39 pA/pF at +80 mV) was induced. The chloride current showed outward rectification and negligible time- and voltage-dependent inactivation. The reversal potential (-4.83 mV ± 0.30 mV) of the current was close to the calculated equilibrium potential for Cl⁻ (-0.9 mV). The permeabilities of the channel to different anions were ranked in order as follows: Cl⁻ = I⁻ > Br⁻ > gluconate. Hypertonic solutions inhibited the current induced by ursolic acid. The chloride channel blockers, tamoxifen (20 μmol/L) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpro-pylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB, 100 μmol/L), suppressed the current. Furthermore, ursolic acid decreased the cell volume by (11.78 ± 1.20)% in 1 h, and the effect was inhibited by NPPB. These results suggest that ursolic acid can activate chloride channels, resulting in outflow of Cl⁻ and decrease of cell volume in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

The spectral absorption and attenuation coefficients of 16 phytoplankton species were measured in the laboratory using acs instrument. Ancillary measurements included particle size distribution and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a). The results indicated that both algal cell size and Chl a were the two major factors dominating the magnitudes of the spectral absorption and attenuation coefficients. The spectral behaviors of attenuation spectra were dominated by algal cell size, the relationship of them didn't follow the monotonic function. Both the ratio of absorption in blue and red waveband and the spectral slope of absorption coefficient were influenced by the product of algal cell density and squares of cell size rather than algal cell size alone. The relationship between algal cell size and both absorption and attenuation spectra would be interpreted by Mie theory for homogenous sphere, which imply that the heterogeneity and non-spherical shape in algal cell morphology and internal structure have little effect on the inherent association among them.

The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic expression profile of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) according to hepatic parenchyma cells' volume at different stages of liver fibrosis during the immune clearance phase. Eighty-nine patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the immune clearance stage were recruited for study. Each patient's serum HBsAg levels were detected by electrochemiluminescence. The serum HBsAg levels were apportioned according to hepatic parenchyma cells' volume at liver fibrosis stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 and compared by ANOVA. The unapportioned serum HBsAg levels (IU/mL) at liver fibrosis stages 1 (227.2+/-237.7), 2 (211.0+/-131.4), 3(300.1+/-144.6), and 4 (278.7+/-148.8) were not significantly different (all comparisons, P range: 0.061 to 0.759). However, when the serum HBsAg levels were apportioned by the same hepatic parenchyma cells' volume at liver fibrosis stages 1 (343.9+/-359.8), 2 (336.4+/-209.5), 3 (508.7+/-245.1), and 4 (525.2+/-274.8), the levels were significantly different (all comparisons, F = 3.045 and P = 0.033; stage 1 vs. 3, P = 0.041; stage 1 vs. 4, P = 0.046; stage 2 vs. 3, P = 0.028; stage 2 vs. 4, P = 0.034). During the immune clearance phase of chronic hepatitis B, increased HBsAg expression is associated with increased hepatic parenchyma cells' volume and progressive liver fibrosis stage.

Objective: To investigate the role of connexin 43-formed hemichannels in cell volume regulation induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R)., Methods: Mouse cardiomyocytes isolated on a Langendorff apparatus with enzyme solution were aliquoted into control, SI/R and SI/R +octanol groups. Calcein-AM was used to stain the cells and the cell volume was measured with confocal microscope by stack scanning. Trypan blue was used to measure the cell viability after the treatments., Results: Calcein-AM staining and cofocal microscopy yielded stable and reproducible results for cell volume measurement. Mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated SI/R showed obvious cell swelling as compared with the control cells [(126∓6)% vs 100%, P<0.05], and octanol preconditioning significantly attenuated the cell swelling [(113∓6)%, P<0.05]. SI/R caused a significant reduction of the cell viability compared to the control cells [(19∓2)% vs (45∓3)%, P<0.01], and octanol preconditioning obviously reduced the viability of the cells with SI/R challenge [(31∓2)%, P<0.01]., Conclusion: Connexin 43-formed hemichannels are involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte volumes induced by SI/R challenge, and octanol can alleviate the cell swelling to enhance the viability of the cardiomyocytes following SI/R.

Based on the tree ring samples of Pinus koraiensis collected from the low altitude areas of Changbai Mountains, seven standard chronologies for tree ring width and cell scale parameters were constructed. Parts of the chronologies were chosen for the correlation analysis with the climate elements in 1959-2007 at Donggang meteorological station, and the changes of the correlations between tree ring indices and climate elements before and after 1988 in which the climate changed abruptly were discussed. In the seven standard chronologies constructed, cell number had the best correlation with tree ring width. Both precipitation and air temperature were the limiting factors for the growth of P. koraiensis, but the chronologies had better correlation with precipitation than with air temperature, mainly manifested in the significant correlation between the chronologies and the precipitation in previous September and current May and June. Comparing with tree ring width, cell size could reveal more climatic information, mainly manifested in the positive correlation between the chronologies and the air temperature in March and the precipitation in May, and the negative correlation between the chronologies and the air temperature in May. After the abrupt change of air temperature in 1988, the responses of cell size to climate elements had some changes, mainly manifested in the decreasing sensitivity to monthly climate elements and the earlier response time.