Search

Using thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) as matrix, nano-silica (SiO2) as filler and supercritical carbon dioxide（scCO2） as foaming agent, TPU/SiO2 composite foaming materials were prepared by simple physical blending and scCO2 foaming equipment. The effects of different SiO2 contents on the composite foaming materials were investigated.The results show that the nano-SiO2 particles have good dispersion in the TPU matrix, and the prepared TPU/SiO2 composite foaming material is uniformly mixed.The addition of SiO2 particles regulates the foaming behavior of the composites, making the cell size stable and the distribution range decreased from 60～180 μm to 20～40 μm.The SiO2 particles effectively improved the crystallinity of the TPU matrix, so that the rebound increased from 40 to 42,and the hardness increased from 45.3 Shore C to 54.38 Shore C; the tensile strength increased from 1.18 MPa to 4.19 MPa, and the elongation at break increased from 237.25% to 460.03%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Collagen is a biomedical material with good biocompatibility, low toxicity, low immunoactivity, and high cellular affinity. However, the defects such as hydrophilicity and poor thermal stability are the key technical problems that need to be solved urgently in biomedical, tissue engineering, and other applications. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate on the preparation method, characterization, and application progress of acylated collagen. METHODS: PubMed, X-mol, and CNKI databases were used to search the literature on acylated collagen preparation methods, characterization, and application. The search time was from January 1992 to May 2023. The English search terms were “acylated collagen, modified collagen, water-soluble collagen, acetic anhydride”. Chinese search terms were “acylated collagen, modified collagen, water-soluble collagen”. After an initial screening of all articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 articles with high relevance were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The preparation of acylated collagen is mainly obtained by the acylation reaction of acid anhydride, and the reaction sites are mainly ε-amino and N-terminus-amino of collagen, and the reaction environment of acylation reaction needs to be carried out in an alkaline environment. (2) Succinic anhydride is the preferred reactant of acylated collagen. Carbonic anhydride, citric anhydride, and bifunctional modifiers with acylation ability have been excavated in recent years to meet various requirements, but it is still limited to laboratory preparation; complex preparation process is difficult to industrialize, and follow-up research is needed to continuously improve. (3) The characterization methods of acylated collagen are similar to those of collagen, but there is still a lack of standards for the water-soluble characterization of acylated collagen. (4) In recent years, acylated collagen has been gradually used in the preparation of lenses, hydrogels, and dressings, as well as cosmetic raw materials. However, there is still little research on the application of acylated collagen, and there is a lack of complete in vivo experiments to verify the practicality of acylated collagen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research progress of metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials in photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) cycloaddition reaction in recent years was reviewed ・ The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction of CO2 under photocatalysis was analyzed, and four modification strategies of MOFs were introduced, including structural defects of MOFs, MOFs with active catalytic metal s让es, heterojunctions with semiconductor materials, and co-catalyst functionalization of MOFs. Based on the current research status of CO2 cycloaddition reaction, the prospects and challenges of MOFs and its composites in the field of photocatalysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By enlarging the H-type reactor, formic acid is produced by electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide using indium metal sheet and tin metal sheet electrodes with an area of more than 100 cm2 ・ The selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction reaction products, electrolysis ability and other aspects were studied, and the optimization method of electrocatalytic formic acid production in large-scale metal electrode reactor was obtained・ The results show that the optimal conditions for the reaction are the air inlet flow rate of 40 mL/min, the current density of 一 3.0 to 一4.5 mA/cm2, and the neutral electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isothermal adsorption experiments are widely used in the field of geology as a research method to investigate the adsorption behavior between gases in coal seams. Taking the coal reservoirs of No. 13 Coal from Liuzhuang Mine as the research object, N2 and CO2 gas adsorption experiments were carried, and the optimal adsorption model for gas adsorption in low permeability coal was selected on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the squared regression coefficients of the fit R², the residual sum of squares of the calculated and experimental values of the model v, and the relative errors s . The results show that the models fitting degree of N2 adsorption in low permeability coal from high to low: optimized L model > optimized D-A model > optimized D-R model > D-A model > L model > D-R model > F model. The models fitting degree of CO2 adsorption in low permeability coal from high to low: optimized L model > optimized D-A model = optimized D-R model > D-A model > L model > D-R model > F model. The experimental results can provide geological basis for gas adsorption and CO2 sequestration in low-permeability coal seams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor, and vulvar SFT is particularly rare. Patients with vulvar SFT usually present with a painless mass in the vulva, the pathogenesis and etiology of which are unknown. Due to the extremely low incidence, gynecologists generally have insufficient understanding of it, which is easy to cause missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses. The data of a 33-year-old case of primary vulvar SFT were reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to self-conscious vulvar discomfort for 1 year, and color Doppler ultrasound showed a solid subcutaneous mass in the right labia majora. High-energy ultra pulse carbon dioxide laser vulvar mass resection was performed, and the mass appeared oval during the operation, with a size of about 3.0 cm×2.5 cm, with clear boundaries to surrounding tissues, and did not involve the muscular layer. It was diagnosed as vulvar SFT (low malignant potential) by pathology, immunohistochemistry and Demicco model risk stratification, and close follow-up was recommended. After 6 months of postoperative follow-up, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greenhouse effect caused by CO2 is a global problem and CO2 capture technologies can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among various CO2 capture technologies, adsorption has been widely used due to its simple process, high efficiency and low regeneration energy consumption. In recent years, the synthesis and development of porous materials with certain pore structure and high adsorption performance has become a hot topic in CO2 adsorption research. Porous organic polymers (POPs) are an emerging porous material with good structure, large specific surface area, excellent physicochemical properties and good adsorption selectivity making them one of the more cutting-edge adsorbent materials in the field of CO2 adsorption and showing great potential in the field of CO2 adsorption. In this paper, the classification, structural characteristics and the latest progress in the field of CO2 adsorption of POPs are briefly introduced, including hypercrosslinked polymers, conjugated microporous polymers, covalent organic frameworks and porous aromatic frameworks. At the same time, the shortcomings and complex synthesis conditions of different types of POPs are analyzed. Finally, it is proposed that expanding its application scenarios and developing new synthesis paths are the prospects for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the joint emission levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in cities is of great significance for achieving synergistic pollution and carbon reduction, and improving overall efficiency. The anthropogenic emissions of NO2 and CO2 are closely related, and their concentration ratios can reflect the comprehensive level of atmospheric pollutants and carbon emissions in cities. The high-resolution datasets of NO2 vertical column concentration (XNO2) and CO2 vertical column concentration (XCO2) from 2019 to 2020 in China were reconstructed by using TROPOMI, OCO-2, and OCO-3 satellite remote sensing data and environmental auxiliary variables based on XGBoost algorithm, and the concentration ratios of XNO2 annual average and ΔXCO2 (the difference between XCO2 observation and background values) in 31 cities (abbreviated XNO2/ΔXCO2) were analyzed. The results show that the algorithm is superior performance in reconstructing satellite XNO2 and XCO2 with R² of 0.90 and 0.96 for sample-based holdout-validation, respectively. Urban XNO2 is positively correlated with ΔXCO2 (r=0.66) . Cities in advanced development level have higher XNO2/ΔXCO2 compared with cities in averaged development level. Due to the difference in energy utilization efficiency, the XNO2/ΔXCO2 of cities in advanced development level is negatively correlated with urban GDP, permanent population and air pollution level (r=-0.35, -0.38, and -0.10), while that of cities in averaged development level is positively correlated (r=0.37, 0.32, and 0.47). The XNO2/ΔXCO2 is related to the level of urban pollution control and energy utilization, and the results can provide support for urban air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Maximum oxygen uptake is the “Gold Standard” for evaluating cardiorespiratory endurance. According to the logical relationship of its concept, the ability of peripheral tissues (muscles) to utilize oxygen in addition to cardiorespiratory function should be the essential determinant of cardiorespiratory endurance level. The level of cardiopulmonary function is an important guarantee factor for oxygen supply during human exercise, but it may not be used as an “essential factor” for oxygen utilization.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between carbon dioxide tolerance and cardiorespiratory endurance during aerobic metabolism by assessing human carbon dioxide tolerance. METHODS: A total of 92 healthy college students were recruited from 5 colleges and universities in Beijing. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed with informed consent from the subjects to collect carbon dioxide tolerance and cardiopulmonary endurance evaluation indicators for correlation analysis. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Sports Science of the General Administration of Sport of China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant positive correlation between the index of carbon dioxide tolerance and the relative and absolute values of maximum oxygen uptake (P < 0.01), and a significant positive correlation with height, body mass, and body mass index (P < 0.01). The multiple linear regression model constructed by the carbon dioxide tolerance index could accurately explain and predict the changes in maximum oxygen uptake (Adjusted R²=0.847, 0.668, P < 0.01). The model validation evaluation indicated no significant difference between the predicted value and the measured value (P > 0.05). To conclude, there is a high correlation between the carbon dioxide tolerance index and the maximum oxygen uptake in the process of aerobic metabolism. High carbon dioxide tolerance during aerobic metabolism indicates a stronger level of cardiorespiratory endurance. Moreover, in the mathematical model, the carbon dioxide tolerance index during aerobic metablism can explain and predict changes in maximum oxygen uptake to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide is an indispensable carbon resource in the life activities, however, the excessive emission of carbon dioxide enhances the greenhouse effect which leads to more extreme weather globally. In this paper, a fictional hunting action with a code name of “carbon capture” is anthropomorphically described, in which the CO2 capture technology is vividly introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of individual techniques are summarized, based on which the future prospects of research direction is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To establish an in vitro mouse myoblast model of intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation. METHODS: An O2 content of 1% or 4% in the mixture in a three-gas incubator was established as the hypoxic culture condition, and the environment in a carbon dioxide incubator was established as the reoxygenated culture condition. Mouse myoblasts （C2C12） were exposed to different oxygen concentrations （1% and 4%） and reoxygenation cycles （6 h and 8 h）. Then, cell proliferation was detected, and concentrations of glucose, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 （FNDC5） in C2C12 cell culture medium were measured. In addition, the expression level of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） protein of C2C12 cells under different experimental conditions was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: （1） The 1% oxygen concentration group showed slower cell proliferation, lower FNDC5 content, and higher glucose levels in culture medium, LDH activity, as well as higher HIF-1α protein expression compared to the 4% oxygen concentration group （P<0. 05）. （2） Under 1% oxygen concentration, the 8 h cycle group showed significantly decreased cell viability compared to the 6 h cycle group（ P<0. 05）. CONCLUSION: This study simulates the differences in injury status and FNDC5 expression in mouse myoblasts under different hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions in vitro. A 1% oxygen concentration and reoxygenation cycle of 6 hours can be used as a better experimental model for C2C12 cells in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism and main research status of the key technologies for the conversion and utilization of carbon dioxide resources are introduced in detail, and on this basis, the main problems existing in various conversion technologies are analyzed deeply, and their future development trend is pointed out, so as to provide the corresponding scientific theoretical basis for ensuring the effective implementation of the conversion and utilization technology of carbon resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted C02-brine・rock reaction experiment to explore the influence of reaction on reservoir wettability, microscopic pore structure, movable fluid saturation, gas flooding effect and other four aspects・ The results show that C02 injection process, the reservoir wettability is like water wet, corrosion will happen at the same time, the recrystallization has been creating the phenomenon such as secondary minerals, resulting in micron grade dissolution pore and sub -micron and nanometer shouted congestion, ultimately affect the movable fluid can be gas injection reservoir development effect, the alkali feldspar in the reservoir and sialic acid salt content is relevant. This study has certain guiding significance for whether the reservoir is suitable for CO2 gas flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferromagnesian minerals can react with CO2 under natural conditions to form stable carbonate minerals, which is a safe, economical, and sustainable way of carbon capture and storage. This paper introduces the carbon fixation mechanism of ferromagnesian minerals and analyzes their carbon fixation capacity and potential based on the large reserves of ferromagnesian tailings from the Suoluogou Gold Mine in Sichuan, where the proportion of CaO, MgO, FeO and other components that can fixate CO2 is high. It is estimated that the current carbon storage capacity of the Suoluogou tailings is as high as 1. 64 million tons, and the average annual CO2 storage capacity in the future is estimated to be about 120 000 t based on the current production efficiency. At least 2. 46 million tons of CO2 can be stored for the future production of tailings. Referring to the ERW method, ferromagnesian minerals can be further separated from the Suoluogou tailings and sprayed on farmland for natural weathering and consumption of CO2, which will greatly reduce the cost of CO2 storage by promoting comprehensive utilization of tailings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on CO2 capture in aqueous solutions of 2-diethylaminoethanol (DEEA) and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), nanofluids with different types and sizes of nanoparticles were prepared by two-step method. The relationship between the absorption ca- pacity, absorption rate, circulating desorption capacity of alcohol amine aqueous solution and nanoparticles was investigated. The results show that the absorption and desorption of CO2 by DEEA and MDEA solu- tions are enhanced by adding TiO2, SiO2, and grapheme (GO) nanoparticles improved the mass transfer between gas and liquid. The 30% DEEA-0.05% 25 nm TiO2, 30% MDEA-0.05% 40 nm TiO2, 30% MDEA-0.06% GO systems increased the CO2, absorption by 9. 86%, 11.26% and 13.8%; the absorption rate was increased by 33.43%,49.72% and 39.23%; the desorption amount was increased by 10.72%, 9.19% and 26.66%. By 13C NMR and FTIR characterization, it was found that the addition of nanoparticles improved the mass transfer between gas and liquid, and no new substances were produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against issues of the high overpotential, low conversion efficiency, and poor product selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2ER), the research progress of electrocatalysts, electrolytes, and electrolytic cells were reviewed. It was found that the currently developed electrocatalysts contained metal nanoparticles, metal alloy, metal oxides, metal sulfide and single metal atoms. Their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability could be enhanced by adjusting the structure and particle size of electrocatalysts, doping additional elements or introducing structural defects. The electrolyte of CO2ER included aqueous electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte and organic electrolyte. At present, the aqueous electrolyte was widely applied, but its selectivity was inhibited by the side hydro- gen evolution reaction. The ionic liquid electrolyte and organic electrolyte has high solubility of CO2 and could restrain the hydrogen evolution reaction, which was considered as the main application research direction in the future. The CO2ER can be conducted in H-type cell, continuous flow cell and MEA reactors, among which MEA is one of the important technology to realize the scale application of electrochemical CO2 conversion. In the future, the reaction mechanism should be further studied, and the active sites should be probed to realize the precise control of catalytic performance and stability. Meanwhile, the novel electrolytes should be developed and the design of electrolytic cell should be modified in order to further improve the catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 dry fracturing operation has to be performed in a closed environment and the fracturing fluid additives need to be added under pressure. These requirements result in high operation cost, low sand ratio, low operation scale, as well as high operational difficulties. To deal with these problems, ZHENG Yan et al. presented and tried a quasi-dry CO2 fracturing technology. In the quasi-dry fracturing operation, the accurate control of the parameters of the liquid is key to the success of this technology, and the parameter control needs to be optimized repeatedly. This study was focused on the use of a fracturing fluid mainly formulated with CO2 (> 70%, a water based CO2 fracturing fluid) with conventional equipment in atmospheric pressure. Main factors affecting the ratio of the components and the thickening performance of the fracturing fluid were studied. The fluid was formulated with a visual CO2 sampler, and by observing the settling of the ceramsite the thickening of the liquid CO2 can be understood. The interaction of the water and the liquid CO2, the effects of the ratio of the water component and temperature on the thickening of the CO2 water based fracturing fluid were studied. The results of the study show that 2% AF-2 CO2 and 2% AF-6 water based thickening agent can be used to thicken the liquid CO2 and water, rendering them stable sand suspending ability. The two thickening agents can be used together in one fracturing fluid with no negative interactions. A CO2 water based compound fracturing fluid at 30% or less water content and at temperatures less than 5 ℃ can be thickened fast, and has stable sand suspending ability. The fracturing fluid formulated was used successfully in field operations, with the highest sand content of 35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In view of serious pipe corrosion of gathering and transportation platform in southwest Zhaotong shale gas block, the study of corrosion and prevention of shale gas pipeline was carried out. Methods By analyzing the corrosion of the elbow, it was determined that the corrosion products mainly were iron carbonate and iron oxide. The promoting effects of carbon dioxide content, carbon dioxide partial pressure, erosive carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, flow rate, sand production and bacteria on the corrosion are investigated. Results It is found that carbon dioxide corrosion promoted by dissolved oxygen is the main factor of pipe corrosion. The higher total carbon dioxide content of the fluid and the higher the partial pressure are, the more serious the corrosion is. The flow rate and sand content of the fluid have a greater promoting effect on the corrosion, while bacteria and chloride ions have no obvious promoting effect on the corrosion. Conclusions At the same time, two kinds of inhibitor of imidazoline and Mannich base were selected to improve the corrosion inhibition performance. The field application showed that imidazoline inhibitors had good corrosion-inhibition performance, and the rate of corrosion-inhibition could be as high as 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research focuses on the latest research progress of MOFs materials in the field of singlecomponent C02 adsorption in the past five years・ And introduces in detail several MOFs materials that have been intensively studied in recent years, mainly classified according to the commonly used MOFs materials at home and abroad, such as IRMOFs, MILs, UiOs, ZIFs, and other series・ CO2 Adsorption performances and mechanisms are analyzed, such as doping metal or nitrogen atoms, adjusting their pore size, amino-functionalization and synthesizing MOFs composite materials, and the future development direction is prospected, provides a systematic understanding of MOFs, with a view to providing MOFs for application to engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of introducting different concentration CO2 into reaction gas on the internal stress of single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) homogeneous epitaxy was studied, and its mechanism was analyzed. Results show that with the increase of CO2 concentration, the internal stress of single crystal diamond decreases gradually. This is because the added CO2 provides oxygen containing groups, which can effectively etch the non-diamond carbon in the diamond growth process, and reduce the content of impurities in the diamond, so as to avoid lattice distortion and reduce growth defects. This ultimately shows the reduction of the internal stress of single crystal diamond, which is in the form of compressive stress. Besides, the addition of CO2 in reaction gas can reduce the growth rate and deposition temperature of single crystal diamond, and single crystal diamond with less impurities and high crystallinity can be obtained at a suitable carbon hydrogen oxygen atomic ratio (5:112:4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tb3 Ga5 O12 crystal is a mainstream commercial material with good magneto-optical performance, but it suffers from serious gallium oxide volatilization during the growth process, which makes it difficult to meet developing requirements in high power applications. Tb3 Al5 O12 crystal, which shows a large Verdet constant, is difficult to grow due to its incongruent melting nature. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new high-quality magneto-optical crystals to meet the needs in high power applications. In this work, a series of Tb3 Alx Ga5 - x O12 (TAGG) magneto-optical crystals with high aluminum content were grown by the micro-pulling-down method in a mixed atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The result of the rocking curve shows the as-grown TAGG magneto-optical crystal has high crystal quality. The transmittance spectrum and magneto-optical characteristics test results show that, the TAGG crystal shows a higher transparency and a larger Verdet constant compared with the tradi0tional Tb3 Ga5 O12 crystal, which is a very promising low-cost magneto-optical material for high power laser systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of different administration methods of propofol on circulatory function, cerebral state index (CSI) and Th17/Treg level in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. METHODS: A total of 130 patients undergoing breast cancer surgery in this hospital from Jun. 2019 to Jun. 2021 were prospectively selected and divided into groups A and group B via random number table, with 65 cases in each group. Both groups were given propofol, group A was administrated by closed-loop target-controlled infusion (CLTCI), and group B was administrated open-loop target-controlled infusion (OLTCI). The circulatory function [mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2)], CSI value, postoperative Th17/ Treg level, total dosage of propofol, wake-up time, extubation time, pain degree after extubation and incidence of adverse events in the two groups were observed before anesthesia induction (T0), immediately after intubation (T1), immediately after extubation (T2) and after extubation. RESULTS: (1) At T1, T2, and T3, the MAP, HR and RR of group A were higher than those of group B, the CSI value and PETCO2 of group A were lower than those of group B, and the fluctuation range was smaller than that of group B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0. 05); (2) at 24 h and 72 h after surgery, the Th17 level of group A was higher than that of group B, the Treg level of group A was lower than that of group B, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05); (3) the total dosage of propofol in group A was less than that of group B, the wake-up time and extubation time of group A were shorter than group B, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05); (4) the difference in the incidences of adverse events between group A and group B [3. 08% (2/65) vs. 7. 69% (5/65)] was not statistically significant (P >0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol administrated by CLTCI is better than administrated by LTCI in terms of circulatory function, CSI and Th17/Treg levels, which can be used as one of the perioperative anesthesia management programs for breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is imperative to conduct collaborative planning for greenhouse gas and air pollutant control in China. At present, although the country has certain policies, laws, standards, institutions, and theoretical research as the basis for such planning, there are still deficiencies such as insufficient strategic coordination and a lack of effective connections of relevant plans, and the goals and requirements of collaborative control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants have not been fully incorporated into the territorial space planning, regional planning, and industrial development planning. In these circumstances, this study carries out text analysis and normative analysis and finds that the idea of improving the collaborative planning of greenhouse gas and air pollutant control mainly includes two aspects. The first is to strategically coordinate the collaborative control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and determine its direction and long-term goal. Second, the collaborative control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants should be specifically deployed and arranged through the coordination of relevant plans. However, in order to fully realize the collaborative control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants by relevant plans, the following four aspects need to be guaranteed: ① We should further strengthen the coordination among the main bodies and strengthen unified supervision so as to provide the main body guarantee and supervision guarantee for the collaboration of related planners. ② We should strengthen theoretical research and further expand the scope of research to explore the relation⁃ ship between greenhouse gases (other than carbon dioxide) and air pollutants (including new pollutants). ③ We should formulate and re⁃ vise relevant policies, laws, and standards in a timely manner to assist collaborative planning. ④ We should actively carry out the pilot practice of collaborative control of greenhouse gases and air pollutants to explore the collaborative control mode that can be replicated and promoted and to accumulate practical experience for collaborative control planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to study the effects of different dilution ratios of carbon dioxide trapping agent on CO2 concentration in ‘Murcott’ tangerine canopy and physiological characteristics of leaves, and to provide theoretical basis and data support for the application of carbon dioxide trapping agent in citrus production practice.【Method】In the study, six-year-old trifoliate orange rootstock ‘Murcott’ tangerine was used as test material, and the leaves were sprayed with 1∶100, 1∶150, 1∶200 dilution ratio carbon dioxide trapping agent, and the same amount of water was applied as the control. The change characteristics of CO2 concentration in citrus canopy were investigated, and the leaf morphological characters, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and non-structural carbohydrate were measured. 【Result】Compared with CK, the CO2 concentration in the three dilution ratios of carbon dioxide trapping agent increased significantly（P<0.05）, and increased by 1.63%（treatment T1）, 1.94%（treatment T2） and 1.78%（treatment T3）, respectively. The Chla and Chl（a+b） contents in T2 and T3 treatments increased significantly compared with CK on 2 June（P<0.05）. The peak values of T1 treatment were leaf width, louver fresh weight, Pn daily mean, Tr daily mean, Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo, among which Pn daily mean, Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo showed significant differences compared with CK（P<0.05）;T3 treatment showed peak values in Gs daily mean, Ci daily mean, leaf length, length-width ratio, leaf area and leaf dry weight, only leaf length and leaf dry weight were significantly different from CK（P<0.05）. Soluble sugar content was decreased and starch content was increased in the three groups treated with carbon dioxide trapping agent. On May 13, Soluble sugar and starch contents of T3 treatment were significantly different from those of CK（P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】Carbon dioxide trapping agent could increase the concentration of CO2 in the canopy of ‘Murcott’ tangerine, producing a positive response to the physiological characteristics of leaves, increasing the accumulation of biomass and chlorophyll in leaves, effectively alleviated the ‘nap’ phenomenon of ‘Murcott’ tangerine, and changed the ratio of photosynthetic products. Different dilution ratio of carbon dioxide trapping agent had different response to physiological characteristics of ‘Murcott’ tangerine leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For semiconductor materials TiO2 and Cu2S with different band gaps as photocatalysts, the effects of different light intensity, temperature, pressure reaction conditions, and light-gathering reaction conditions on CO2 reduction rate were studied. The results show that the photocatalysis efficiency of the materials change obviously before and after changing the reaction conditions. The reduction rate of CO2 could be effectively improved by light-gathering reaction. Through XRD analysis and SEM analysis, the efficiency improvement is not due to the formation of new substances and the change of crystals. The optimal reaction conditions can greatly improve the photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the grain storage process,microbes and all kinds of pests make up the biological field,The temperature and humidity of the grain stored in the granary constitute the abiotic field of the granary environment,the combined effects of biological and abiotic fields in granary will affect the stored grain and reduce its quality,and then affect the safety of grain storage in the grain depot. The concentration of carbon dioxide in grain storage reflects the condition of grain storage biological field and is an important index for monitoring grain storage biological field.In order to realize the high precision detection of carbon dioxide concentration of grain stored in grain depot,the study is based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS),the tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy is characterized by high sensitivity and fast response,a system for real-time detection of carbon dioxide concentration in grain storage was developed.In addition,the method of carbon dioxide laser spectrum analysis and data processing is also established.In order to achieve the portable requirements of the stored grain carbon dioxide detector,the carbon dioxide detection system is designed with a compact mechanism,the system can not only detect the carbon dioxide concentration of grain stored in the grain depot, but also detect the change of temperature and humidity, so that the detection of the three integrated.At the same time, the detection system designed in this study can also complete the conditioning of weak signals.Calculating carbon dioxide concentration,Finally generate multi-parameter cloud map, water potential map, etc.The volume of the carbon dioxide detector based on tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy is 338 mm×251 mm×88 mm,the power loss of the instrument is less than 1.3 W at room temperature.The test results show that:The carbon dioxide detection system can keep working steadily for long periods of time,the robustness of human-computer interaction function of the system is good, the response time of this instrument to the detection of carbon dioxide concentration in grain storage is less than 20 s. Its linear error is less than 1.2%,the detection repeatability was 0.4%,the detection accuracy of the carbon dioxide concentration of the instrument is 10 mg/m³, the detection range of the carbon dioxide concentration is 0-20 000 mg/m³ .At the same time,the carbon dioxide detection system designed in this study has a temperature detection range of -40-120 ℃,the humidity detection range of the instrument is 0%-100%.In the solid warehouse inspection,The experimental results show that, The carbon dioxide detection system is designed for corn under different storage conditions under different working conditions, the response time of carbon dioxide concentration detection was 15-18 s, the temperature detection range was 25.6-26.8 ℃, and the humidity detection range was 43%-47%.Combined with the man-machine interaction function of multi-parameter cloud image and water potential diagram display analysis presented by the detection system,It can better reflect the biosafety situation of granary,Intelligent judgment of the safety of the stored grain and give reasonable suggestions based on the actual situation of grain storage. The carbon dioxide detection system is of great significance to reduce the economic losses caused by pests and mildew in the process of grain storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The oil - increasing effect of in-situ carbon dioxide foam was gradually weakened in multicycle profile control. It was urgent to analyze the decreasing law of the system. Methods The paper studied the law of in-situ carbon dioxide foam profile control with multiple rounds by using large scale visual plate physical model and numerical simulation model which combined with the characteristics of vertical heterogeneity in Bohai oil field reservoir. And an attempt was made to extend the reaction time of the system to increase its action distance. Results The research showed that water flooding could only sweep the high permeability layer in the lower part of the reservoir, but it could not sweep the low permeability layer in t he upper part. The in-situ carbon dioxide foam profile control system could entered the high permeability layer to form plugging and started the low permeability layer, which improved oil recovery more than 10 % in t he first cycle of profile control. But the system could not enter the deeper location with the profile control rounds increased. The enhanced oil recovery value constantly decreased, which was less than 1% by the fourth cycle of profile control. The remaining oil of the high permeability layer was mainly distributed in the two wings and the remaining oil of the low permeability layer was evenly distributed. Conclusions The effective distance of in-situ carbon dioxide foam system was short which was failed to work in deeper reservoir with the profile control rounds increased. T he effect of multicycle profile control was better by prolonging the reaction time to increase its effective distance, which increased the total enhanced oil recovery value by :3. 66%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to understand the difference of drought resistance among hybrid soybean varieties, thus to select drought tolerant hybrid soybean varieties.【Method】3 hybrid soybean varieties were used as experimental materials and different concentrations of PEG-6000 solution (5%,10% and 20%) hydroponic model were used to simulate drought stress in soybean seedling stage. To identify the physiological response and drought resistance of 3 hybrid soybeans, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic physiological index, osmotic regulator content and antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves in seedling stage were measured after drought stress. 【Result】With the increasing concentration of PEG-6000 solution, there were significant differences in the related drought resistance indicators of the three hybrid soybeans and the growth of soybean seedlings was gradually significantly inhibited. The chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings was detected, and it was found that with the increase of PEG-6000 solution concentration, its content showed an upward trend, the most significant being dominant Hybrid soybean-A-5. In terms of photosynthetic physiological indexes of soybean seedlings, the variation trends of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves of three hybrid soybean seedlings showed significant differences. The response of different soybean varieties to drought stress under different treatment conditions was analyzed. The results showed that soybean seedlings could respond to drought stress through osmoregulation and activating antioxidant defense system was analyzed.The content of each substance changed significantly with the increase of stress degree. There were also significant differences among different varieties. The order of drought resistance of 3 hybrid soybeans was obtained by comprehensive analysis of membership function value method, Hybrid soybean-A-5> Hybrid soybean No.6>Jindou 48.【Conclusion】 The photosynthesis inhibition, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activities could respond to drought stress of 3 hybrid soybeans. The Hybrid soybean-A-5 can be used as a demonstration of drought resistant hybrid soybean to promotion and demonstration in Huanghuaihai Area. It also provides an important reference for drought resistant breeding of hybrid soybean in later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment for the AD268 with large leaf and dwarf structure and the XY335 with small leaf and high structure at three planting densities of low (3 plants·m-2), medium (6 plants·m-2) and high (9 plants·m-2) was conducted. This study integrated the vertical distribution of canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), a 3D canopy model, and a canopy photosynthesis model to analyze responses of the extinction coefficients estimated by the logarithmic approach (klog) and the regression approach (knls) to cultivar and density and their differences, and to evaluate the effects on simulating canopy light utilization. The results showed that there was a difference between klog and knls, and this difference was more obvious for AD268 and aggravated with increasing density. The fitness based on knls for canopy light distribution (R2=0.86) was better than klog (R2=0.77). The daily CO2 assimilation, above-ground dry matter accumulation and radiation use efficiency of AD268 simulated by klog and knls did not differ significantly at low densities, but the difference became larger with increasing density. The critical densities at which the difference become larger were 0.7-2.5plants·m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and related influencing factors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) combined with obesity-related sleep hypoventilation (ORSH) and to identify indicators that can predict the OSA combined with ORSH population. Methods A total of 185 obese patients (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ) who were admitted to hospital due to snoring were selected. All patients underwent daytime awake arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function examination, polysomnography monitoring and percutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring at least 7 hours. According to the above examination results, patients were divided into the OSA group (n=109), the OSA combined with ORSH group (n= 46) and the OSA combined with obesity hypopnea syndrome (OHS) group (n=30). The general clinical characteristics, pulmonary function, arterial blood gas and polysomnography monitoring indexes were compared and analyzed in the three groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors of OSA combined with ORSH. A model was established and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the prediction efficiency. Results Waist circumference, BMI and proportion of stroke patients were higher in the OSA combined with OHS group than those in the OSA group and the OSA combined with ORSH group, while the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in the predicted value (FEV1%) and the percentage of forced vital capacity in the predicted value (FVC%) were significantly lower in the OSA combined with OHS group than those in the OSA group and the OSA combined with ORSH group (P＜0.05). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen [p(O2)] was significantly lower in the OSA combined with OHS group than that in the OSA group, while arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [p(CO2)] and bicarbonate ion (HCO3 - ) were significantly higher than those in the OSA group and the OSA combined with ORSH group (P＜0.05). P(CO2) and HCO3 - were significantly higher in the OSA combined with ORSH group than those in the OSA group (P＜0.05). Compared with the OSA group, the Epworth sleepiness scale score (ESS) was higher in the OSA combined with OHS group, and the oxygen reduction index (ODI), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), micro-arousal index (MAI), apnea index (AI), mean apnea time (MAT), longest apnea time (LAT), the percentage of time with blood oxygen saturation less than 90% of the total time (T90) and the treatment proportion of bi-level positive airway pressure (BI-PAP) ventilation mode were increased in the OSA combined with ORSH group and the OSA combined with OHS group, while the minimum oxygen saturation (minSpO2) and mean blood oxygen saturation (meanSpO2) decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the OSA combined with ORSH group, the proportion of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment mode was decreased in the OSA combined with OHS group, and the proportion of BI-PAP ventilator treatment was increased (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that prolonged LAT and increased HCO3 -were independent risk factors for OSA combined with ORSH. The area under the curve predicted by LAT and HCO3 - was 0.784, the sensitivity was 0.913, and the specificity was 0.541. Conclusion The combined detection of LAT and HCO3 - has a certain predictive value for OSA combined with ORSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the pozzolanic activity of iron tailings, the effects of different activation time and ball to material ratios on the activity index of iron tailing mortar were studied by means of PSD, XRD and SEM. The test results showed that the mechanically activated iron tailings have potential cementitious property, and its activity index is greatly affected by the activation time and ball to material ratio. The activity index of iron tailings with mechanical activation for 40 min, ball to material ratio of 9∶4 and mechanical activation for 30 min, and ball to material ratio of 2∶1 can meet the application requirements of pozzolanic mixtures. The cementitious property of mechanically activated iron tailings is greater than its micro-filling effect, and the micro-grading uniformity of activated iron tailings is less than that of non-activated iron tailings. The addition of iron tailings changes the alkalinity of cement systems and the pore structure of hydration products, and makes more CO2 enter the mortar, resulting in more carbonate products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Under the background of global energy conservation and emission reduction and the guidance of China’s dual-carbon strategic objectives of "carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality", targeted research on CO2 capture technology suitable for various working conditions has become an extremely important research trend. Methods Combining the latest developments in the field of carbon capture, in view of the CO2 emission in the combustion process, the advantages, disadvantages and application trends of absorption method, adsorption method, cryogenic separation, membrane absorption method, and hyper gravity method were compared. Meanwhile, the development trend of CO2 capture technology was analyzed and summarized. Results The technical characteristics of several post-combustion capture technologies for CO2 were clarified. It is elucidated that the selection of absorbent is the key to the current absorption methods, and the optimization of reactor and operating conditions are also extremely crucial. In view of adsorption methods, the development of adsorbents with high selectivity, high adsorption capacity, good desorption capacity, and low cost are the top priority for large-scale industrial applications. As for membrane technology, the advantage is easy and flexible operation, but improving the performance of membranes still requires continuous research. Overall, the characteristics, application potential and research directions of several capture technologies were clarified. Conclusions Although many CO2 absorption and separation technologies have been widely studied and applied, there are still many problems in the specific applications. In the field of carbon capture, the research on new materials and new solvents for CO2 absorption and separation is still a frontier and hot topic. From the perspective of carbon capture technology, the future development trend is likely to be the use of two or more technologies in series to meet the decarbonization demand under more complex conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study， water-soluble carbon dots （CDs） that emit strong green fluorescence under the radiation of ultraviolet light was synthesized by one-step solvothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） absorption spectrometry， fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FT-IR）. Specially， this CDs could enhance the chemiluminescence （CL） of H2O2-KOH-CO2 gas-liquid CL system. Based on this phenomenon， a CL method for on-line detecting carbon dioxide was developed by using home-made gas-liquid CL detector. In order to find the optimum detection conditions， the concentrations of H2O2， KOH and CDs was studied. As a result， the maximum CL is obtained when the concentrations of H2O2 and KOH are 0.15 mol/L and 0.40 mol/L， respectively， and the volume ratio of CDs to KOH is 1:2. Under these optimum detection conditions， there is a good linear relationship between CL intensity and carbon dioxide level in the range of 0.196 mg/L～49 mg/L， and the limit of detection is 0.049 mg/L. The reproducibility is tested by measuring 1.96mg/L and 4.56mg/L carbon dioxide eleven times， and the relative standard deviations （RSD） are 1.46% and 0.65%， respectively. A CL method for detecting carbon dioxide has been successfully developed with high sensitivity， high selectivity， low cost and strong timeliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the economical and suitable bedding replacement frequency for calves in winter in northwest China. The optimal bedding replacement frequency was determined to evaluate the concentrations of ammonia and carbon dioxide in a calf barn, the growth performance, behavior, and serum biochemistry of the calf in winter. The experiment was selected as 15 angus calves about 25 days of age with an average body weight of (39.73 ± 2.38) kg, and then completely randomly divided into three treatments, each of which was three replicates (2, 2, or 1 calves calf per replicate). Specifically, the bedding was replaced every two days (the Maximum replacement frequency, MAX), four days (the Medium replacement frequency, MED), or eight days (the minimum replacement frequency, MIN). The duration of the experiment was 24 days. Before that, 31.5 kg of clean straw was evenly laid in each calf pen, where the thickness of the bedding was 10 cm. The bedding material was replaced at 15:00 every day, according to the experimental design. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the carbon dioxide concentration among the three treatments. The daily average concentrations of ammonia in the MAX and MED group groups were (0.26±0.07) and (0.37±0.03) mg/m3, respectively, which were significantly lower than the (0.64±0.07) mg/m3 in the MIN group. It infers that the increased frequency of bedding replacement led to the better air quality in the calf barn. The average values of daily weight gain were (0.70±0.09), (0.71±0.18), and (0.58±0.12) in the MAX, MED, and MIN groupgroups, respectively. Therefore, there was also a significant upward trend in the average daily weight gain of the MAX and MED groupgroups, compared with the MIN group. Besides, the surface dirt scores of the calves in the MAX and MED group groups were 1.16±0.06 and 1.74±0.06, respectively, which were significantly lower than the 2.11±0.05 of the MIN group. The diarrhea rate of the MAX and MED groups were was significantly lower than that of the MIN group. In addition, the payment of bedding management was calculated using 30 days per month, including the bedding material and labor costs. It was found that the input of bedding, the labor cost, and the total were 1 434.5, 9 000, and was 10 434.5 RMB per month. In the MED group, the cost of bedding, labor, and the total cost were 717.3, 6 000, and 6 717.3 RMB per month. In the MIN group, those were 358.6, 3 000, and 3 358.6 RMB per month. The monthly cost in the MAX group was 1.55 times that in the MED group, and 3.11 times that in the MIN group. The monthly cost of the MED group was 2.00 times that of the MIN group. In conclusion, an optimal combination was achieved under the condition of stocking density of 4.5-9 m2/head, updating bedding every four days (MED group) in the winter bedding management of calves in the northern China. In this case, the body surface can be kept the clean of for calves, thereby to reducereducing the diarrhea rate for the better growth performance of calves. The more suitable cost input was obtained to fully meet the two-way needs of calf welfare and breeding efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The exploration, research and utilization of stone coal vanadium ore resources need accurate composition determination, while there is no standard method for the determination of its main components such as vanadium, iron, aluminum and phosphorus. At the same time, every analysis method currently used has its own shortcomings. When the sample of stone coal vanadium ore is treated by alkali fusion and determined by ICP-OES, the high concentration of soluble salt will lead to high background and interference with the determination. The acid dissolution method can avoid the above problems, but when the conventional four acid system composed of HF+HCl+HNO3+HClO4 is used to digest the sample, the components to be tested in the sample cannot be completely released, so the sample needs to be burned at high temperature to remove carbon, making the process is cumbersome. OBJECTIVES: In order to establish a method for the determination of the main components in stone coal vanadium ore samples by ICP-OES using five acid systems to digest samples. METHODS: A mixed acid system of H2SO4+HF+HCl+HNO3+HClO4 with electric hot plate heating and hydrochloric acid extraction were used to digest the samples. The contents of vanadium, iron, aluminum and phosphorus in stone coal vanadium were determined by ICP-OES. RESULTS: Using the strong oxidizing property of sulfuric acid to oxidize a large amount of carbon in the sample into carbon dioxide, eliminated the process of burning carbon removal, eliminated the adsorption and wrapping of carbon-containing substances on the sample, and significantly enhanced the digestion effect. When the sample weight was 0.1 g and the concentration of sulfuric acid was 0.30 mL, the digestion rate of the sample reached more than 99%. The detection limit was 17-51 mg/kg, relative standard deviation (n=11) was between 1.7%-5.1%, and relative error was-4.6%-2.7%.CONCLUSIONS: The method has the advantages of low background, high efficiency and accuracy, and can meet the detection requirements of stone coal and vanadium ore samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C-Cu2O composite electrode was prepared from Cu sheet. The SEM showed that the C-Cu2O composite electrode had a micro network structure, which greatly improved the micro surface area. CO2 can be electrochemically reduced to CH3OH with C-Cu2O composite as cathode in alkaline ethanol solution containing KOH. The optimum conditions for the yield of CH3OH were determined by orthogonal design. The results showed that the Faraday efficiency of CH3OH was 82% when the electrolyte composition was 90% C2H5OH and 2 g/L KOH, the flow rate o£ CO2 was 10 min/mL, and the cathode voltage was -L0 V(vs.SCE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greenhouse effect caused by the continuous increase of carbon dioxide concentration has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems such as extreme weather and melting of glaciers around the world. In order to reduce carbon dioxide content and improve the adverse impact of climate warming，it is urgent to develop efficient，green and safe processing technologies and promote the sustainable development of carbon resource cycle. Molten salt ionic liquid，as a good electrochemical conversion medium，provides a promising technical route for carbon dioxide reduction. The research on the capture and electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in high-temperature molten salt at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed，and the electrochemical and thermodynamic mechanisms of molten salt electrodeposited carbon are briefly described. The preparation of high value-added carbon materials with different morphologies： amorphous carbon，carbon spheres and carbon nanotubes are summarized，and finally the future development direction is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the changes of psychological state, cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with stable chronic heart failure (CHF) after simple Tai Chi training combined with individualized heart exercise rehabilitation training. Methods: 102 patients with stable CHF who were treated in our hospital from July 2019 to April 2021 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group (individualized heart exercise rehabilitation training based on routine treatment) and observation group (simple Tai Chi training was added to the control group), with 51 cases each. The cardiopulmonary function, quality of life and psychological state of the two groups were compared before and after intervention. Results: After intervention, the peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak) and peak heart rate increased, and the ventilatory carbon dioxide slope (VE/VCO2slope) decreased in the two groups(P<0.05). After intervention, VE/VCO2slope in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, peak heart rate and VO2peak were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and self rating Depression Scale (SDS) decreased in the two groups (P<0.05). After intervention, SAS and SDS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of symptoms, psychological emotion, physical restriction, social restriction and total scores decreased in the two groups (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of physical restriction, psychological emotion, social restriction, symptoms and total scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Individualized heart exercise rehabilitation training combined with simple Tai Chi training can improve the cardiopulmonary function and psychological state of patients with stable CHF, and then improve the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research constructed membrane absorption CO2 device with PP hollow fiber membrane as membrane contactor, and three alkolamine solutions: monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as absorption liquid, respectively. The effects of operating conditions on CO2 removal were investigated. The results revealed that when the absorption fluid concentration creased from 0. 25 mol/L to L 5 mol/L, flow rate 150 mL/min to 400 mL/min, the CO2 removal efficiency gradually increased and the rate of increase slowed down; while the increase of gas flow rate, fluid flow rate and CO2 volume fraction inhibited the removal efficiency of CO2, which was reduced by more than 20%. The mass transfer rate was positively correlated with the concentration of absorption solution, gas phase flow rate, fluid flow rate and CO2 volume fraction. Under the same operating conditions, the removal efficiency and mass transfer rate was: MEA > DEA > MDEA; CO2 removal efficiency and mass transfer efficiency were mainly affected by CO2 concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperature high pressures wells rich in CO2 are often faced with the corrosion of cement sheaths. In this study, a suitable weighting agent for high temperature high density corrosion inhibitive cement slurries was selected, and the effects of three weighting agents on the properties of cement slurries were compared. These three weighting agents include manganese ore powder, hematite and barite, which have the same particle size distribution. The corrosion test was performed at 150 °C and CO2 partial pressure of 20 MPa. The study results showed that the cement slurry weighted with manganese powder requires the least amount of water, and thus has good rheology and lower filtration rate in the same conditions. The set cement of the manganese powder treated cement slurry has the lowest permeability and higher compressive strength after corrosion test. After 30 d of corrosion, the corrosion depth of the manganese set cement is the minimum among others, the corrosion depth of the barite set cement is 1.5 times of the corrosion depth of the manganese set cement. After corrosion, the manganese set cement has the densest structure, and the characteristic peak of the corrosion products is the lowest. Among the three cement slurries treated with 25%, 50% and 75% manganese ore powder respectively, the corrosion depth of the set cement from the cement slurry containing 50% manganese ore powder is the minimum after 27 d of corrosion. Compared with the other two weighting agents, the manganese ore powder is a better choice, only over treatment of the cement slurry with the manganese ore powder should be avoided to prevent negative effects on the corrosion property of the cement slurry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desulfurization performances of semi-cokes (XR and ZR) produced by different pyrolysis processes were analyzed. It was found that the breakthrough sulfur dioxide capacity of both XR and ZR were less than 2. 5 mg/g. Therefore, the raw semi-cokes are not suitable for flue gas desulfurization direct. ly. Two kinds of activated semi-coke XC and ZC were prepared by CO2 activation method, and their desulfurization performances and pore structures were investigated. The result shows that activated semi-coke ZC has the best comprehensive performance. The optimized preparation process conditions are activation temperature of 950 °C, activation time of 2 h, CO2 flow rate of 150 mL/min. The comprehensive sulfur dioxide capacity of ZC reaches 70. 9 mg/g. Both XC and ZC have rich microporous structures, and the pore size distribution is mainly concentrated at 1.20 nm and 1. 84 nni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the gas production experiment of sludge quantity, standing time and before and after impurity removal, combined with SEM, particle size analysis, element analysis and microbial community analysis, the composition and law of gas production were analyzed to study gas production mechanism. The experimental results show that the gas produced by the sludge is composed of H2, CO2 and a small amount of CH4. The gas production is proportional to the amount of sludge and the standing time. The mechanism of gas production is that fermentation and hydrolysis bacteria produce H2 and CO2 in the metabolic process, and produce acidic substances which can corrode the protective film on the surface of aluminum alloy and form holes. Moisture enters the interior of particles along the holes and reacts with the alloy to produce hydrogen. H2 and CO2 provide metabolic materials for Methane archaea in sludge to produce CH4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicability of ISO natural gas analysis standards on coalbed methane (CBM ) needs to be confirmed while accelerate international standardization on this area. Methods Based on the analysis of the gas quality of CBM, combined with the benchmarking analysis of the relevant standards for natural gas analysis and testing formulated by ISO/ TC 193, the applicability of ISO natural gas analysis standards applied in CBM analysis is studied. Results For most of the quality designation of CBM, ISO natural gas analysis and test standards are suitable for the analysis of CRM. However, the contents of nitrogen, carbondioxide and oxygen in coalbed methane may exceed the application range of some natural gas related analysis and test standards, which needs to be revised to further meet the needs of coal bed methane analysis and test. In addition, ISO has not formed relevant standards for the de termination of particulate matter which has a great influence on the production, supply, storage and marketing of coalbed methane. Conclusions It is advisable to formulate relevant international standard technical reports, clarify the applicability of relevant standards, and further develop international standard formulation an d revision work to improve the coverage rate of the quality designation of CRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaching manganese and enriching lead simultaneously from electrolytic manganese anode slag in sulfuric acid using ethanol as reductant were studied. Factors including leaching temperature, sulfuric acid and ethanol concentrations, liquid to solid ratio and leaching time were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the leaching efficiency of 98. 24% for manganese and 0. 41 % for lead were obtained under the following optimal conditions: 70 °C of leaching temperature, 3 mol/L of sulfuric acid concentration, 5 % of ethanol volume fraction, 6; 1 of liquid solid ratio and 4 h of leaching time. This process could be conducted under mild conditions, the main oxidation products are carbon dioxide and acetic acid. This study may has a considerable reference value to resource utilization of electrolytic manganese anode slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of three different anodic materials (copper wire, galvanized steel and nickel wire) on the structure and morphology of carbon materials prepared by electrochemical reduction of CO2 in molten salt were studied. Three carbon structures, e. g., hollow quadrilateral carbon (HQC, the product with Cu as an anode), carbon nanosheet (CNS, the product with galvanized steel as an anode) and sponge porous carbon (SPC, the product with Ni as an anode), were prepared, and their electrocatalytic properties towards the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) were explored. The results show that the CNS prepared by using galvanized steel as the anode material is composed of a large number of carbon nanosheets, in which there are abundant pore structure defects. Compared with HQC and SPC, CNS shows the highest 2e− ORR electrocatalytic activity and H2O2 selectivity (close to 90%. The high activity and selectivity of CNS are attributed to its high ID/IG (ID/IG is the ratio of the intensity of D peak and G peak in Raman spectrum, and its ratio reflects the defective degree of the material） value and high C—O/C==O ratio, indicating that structural defects and C—O/C==O functional groups are crucial to the catalytic performance of CNS. In addition, CNS exhibits excellent electrocatalytic stability, and the ring current almost does not decay after 14 hours potentiostatic test. The use of CO2 as the carbon source to synthesize electrocatalytic carbon materials not only can be used as a potential option to mitigate the greenhouse effect, but also provide a new idea for the practical application of CO2 derived carbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near cube form calcite was prepared with light calcined dolomite powder, ammonium chloride and carbon dioxide as raw materials by ammonia-precipitation process without using crystal controlling agent. The effects of reaction temperature, calcium ion concentration in solution, aeration rate, agitation rate and aging time on the content of calcium carbonate and morphology of calcite phase in calcium carbonate were investigated, and the crystal type control mechanism of calcium precipitation reaction was studied. The results show that under the conditions of reaction temperature of 40 ℃, calcium concentration of 0. 05 mol/L, carbon dioxide passing rate of 100 mL/min, stirring speed of 400 r/min and aging time of 2 h, near cube form calcium carbonate with regular morphology and uniform particle size distribution is prepared, with an average particle size from 5 μm to 10 μm. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the use value of dolomite, producing calcium carbonate products with high added value and improving the utilization rate of dolomite resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonate cements formed at different stages in sandstone have different mineral compositions, structural characteristics and carbon and oxygen isotope compositions. Carbo n stable isotope compositions in cements can be used to indicate t he source of carbon in diagenetic fluids, while oxygen stable isotope can be used to estimate t he temperature and t he source of fluid at the time of crystallization. In order to obtain the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of different kinds of carbonates in sandstone cements, off-line selective acid extraction method was usually used to extract and test the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of each carbonate. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the off-line method such as cumbersome process and low efficiency, the temperature and time experiments of the reaction of the mixture sample with 100% phosphoric acid were carried out for the first time by using Gasbench-IRMS with different ratios of quartz, calcite and dolomite mixture samples in this study. When the particle size of the sample is mainly about 63-75 µm, the reaction temperature is 25 °C and the reaction time is 2 h, the generated C02 represents the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcite. When the reaction temperature is 25 °C, there is almost no C02 generated in reaction of dolomite with 100 % phosphoric acid for 1 h, and t he yield of C02 is only about 3 % for 2 h. The mixture experiment showed that this method is only suitable for the mixture samples with more calcite than dolomite. When the content of calcite is higher than that of dolomite, Gasbench-IRMS can be used to separate calcite and dolomite mixture samples online, and test C and 0 isotope compositions. The carbon dioxide produced at 25 °C for 2 h represents the C and 0 isotope compositions of calcite. The C02 gas is removed after another 2 h of reaction, then the carbon dioxide produced at 50 °C for 18 h represents 0'13 C and 0'180 of dolomite. The precision of 0'13 C and 0'180 is better than o. 15%0 Oa) and o. 20%0 Oa), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the limiting factors of photosynthesis of Phyllostachys edulis seedlings under nitrogen addition and change of short-term light irradiance. The light response curve and CO2 response curve were measured under different short-term light irradiance conditions(high light:1 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, low light:200 μmol·m-2·s-1), and an improved FvCB model was used to study the photosynthetic characteristics of P. edulis seedlings with nitrogen fertilized. The results were as follows:(1)Biomass of P. edulis seedlings treated with nitrogen fertilized was significantly higher than that of control, and light saturated maximum net photosynthetic rate(PLmax), carboxylation efficiency(CE), maximum carboxylation rate(Vcmax)and maximum electron transport rate(Jmax)were significantly higher than those of control.(2)CO2 saturated maximum net photosynthetic rate(PCmax), CE, mesophyll conductance(gm), triose phosphate utilization rate(Tp)and carbon dioxide saturation point(CSP)of P. edulis seedlings under high light level were significantly higher than those of low light level.(3)gm has no differences after nitrogen fertilized, but it reduced 60.31% while the decrease of short-term light irradiance. In conclusion, P. edulis seedlings with nitrogen treatment increased the quantity and activity of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco)protease in photosynthesis process, promoted photosynthetic phosphorylation and NADPH synthesis, and improved the reqeneration rate of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate(RuBP)through higher Vcmax and Jmax, in order to fully assimilate photosynthetic carbon, promote the high growth and biomass accumulation. Therefore, it could be inferred that the content and activity of Rubisco and regeneration capacity of RuBP were the limiting factors of the photosynthesis rate, for the control P. edulis seedlings with no nitrogen. To sum up, light heterogeneity affect the photosynthetic physiological and biochemical changes inside the leaves of P. edulis, the decreasing of light intensity effectively regulate the changes of gm and Tp, indicating that the photosynthesis of P. edulis seedlings are mainly limited by gm and Tp. The research shows that nitrogen fertilized and the change of short-term light irradiance affect the photosynthesis and carbon acquisition of P. edulis seedlings, and also affect its growth and regeneration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barnyard grass is one of the vicious weeds in rice field, which affects seriously the growth and development of rice and reduces the yield of rice. In order to clarify the effect of barnyard grass on rice growth and development and yield formation under the condition of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, the experiment was conducted with the Free-Air CO2 Enrichment system (FACE system), taking rice Jijing 88 as material. The experiment included 4 treatments: atmospheric CO2 concentration (400μmol·mol-1) without barnyard grass, rice planting and barnyard grass together with atmospheric CO2 concentration, elevated CO2 concentration (550μmol·mol-1) without barnyard grass, rice planting and barnyard grass together with elevated CO2 concentration. Physiological indicators were measured and analyzed at the tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and mature stage of rice. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased significantly the number of rice ears per hole and the seed setting rate, and eventually increased the rice yield. Barnyard grass significantly reduced the rice seed setting rate, and reduced rice yield ultimately. Interaction of elevated CO2 concentration and barnyard grass increased significantly thousand-grain weight of rice, yet, the interaction did not affected rice yield significantly. Elevated CO2 concentration increased significantly the dry matter of rice, and barnyard grass reduced significantly the dry matter of rice. However, the interaction of elevated CO2 concentration and the barnyard grass had no significant difference. Elevated CO2 concentration increased significantly the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf of rice, the concentration of intercellular CO2 of the flag leaf, and the Soil and Plant Analyzer Developrnent (SPAD) value of rice flag leaf. Barnyard grass treatment reduced significantly the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf of rice, the concentration of intercellular CO2 in the flag leaf, the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, the instantaneous water use efficiency, and the SPAD value. The interaction of elevated CO2 concentration and barnyard grass reduced the net photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaves at early stage, and increased it at later stage. In conclusion, Elevated CO2 concentration after heading stage had a greater impact on rice photosynthesis than barnyard grass on rice photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government has planned to hit the carbon emission peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In this case, it is a high demand to reduce emissions, especially greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among them, the livestock industry has been the greatest GHG emission source in agriculture sectors, accounting for 80% of total agricultural non-carbon dioxide emissions. The Emissions Gap Report 2021 has released that the methane emissions can be reduced from fossil fuels and agricultural wastes, further, slowing down global warming in the shortterm. Therefore, a low-carbon livestock industry can also make a great contribution to achieving the carbon neutrality. In this study, a systematic review was made on the agricultural carbon emissions in China, with emphasis on the sources of GHG emissions in animal production systems. Some suggestions were also proposed to reduce the GHG emissions from the livestock and poultry. The carbon emission of the agriculture sector has been the third-largest source of GHG emissions, accounting for about 6.7% of the total emissions in China. The GHG emissions of animal respiration, ruminant intestinal fermentation, and manure are regarded as the direct sources, whereas, the indirect GHG emissions include feed production and processing, the energy consumption of equipment and facilities, as well as animal product processing and transportation. Enteric fermentation has been the largest source of GHG emissions from livestock, according to the global livestock environmental assessment model. Finally, some technologies were also summarized to reduce the GHG emissions from the livestock and poultry. The low-carbon path contained three parts, the source, the process, and the end, according to the whole life cycle of animal husbandry production. Correspondingly, there was a gradual increase in the indirect GHG emissions via energy consumption during the breeding process of livestock and poultry, particularly with the increase in the production and demand of livestock. Moreover, one of the key strategies is necessary to conduct the financial investment and the national incentive mechanism, thereby achieving carbon neutrality. Therefore, this review can greatly contribute to promoting carbon neutrality for the sustainable development of the livestock industry. Four recommendations were made as follows: 1) To monitor the GHG emissions from the livestock industry throughout the entire process and scientifically evaluate GHG emissions and reduction potential of each link; 2) To strengthen the clean production in animal husbandry, including basic and innovative research, further to promote the animal husbandry in a green, low-carbon, and efficient way; 3) To develop the green and low-carbon utilization of manure resources from the livestock and poultry production; and 4) To integrate the modern information technology for the low-carbon emission reduction in the digitally empowered livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]