Search

Background and purpose: Limbs soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a common malignant tumor, and surgical resection is the main treatment method for it. The concept of barrier made us realize the blocking effect of natural barrier on STS, and we aimed to search for tissues that can act as barrier, and to perform complete resection of surgical margins around the tissue barrier. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety and prognosis of barrier resection in the treatment of limbs STS. Methods: From December 2013 to September 2016, data of 72 patients who underwent barrier resection of STS of extremities in department of oncosurgery, Minhang Branch, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed, and the resection margin was sampled. All 72 patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) design, and the physiological barrier or at least 3 cm distance was found outward from the anatomical location of the tumor. And en bloc excision was performed outside this barrier or at a distance of 3 cm. The influence of postoperative pathological margin, musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score and postoperative complications on the patients were analyzed. The 1- and 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates and sarcoma-specific survival (SSS) rates were evaluated, and the influencing factors were analyzed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (number: 1212117-12&1212117-12-1301). Results: All patients had negative margins. The 1- and 3-year LRFS rates were 98.2% and 93.3%, respectively. The 1- and 3-year SSS rates were 98.4% and 94.2%, respectively. The mean MSTS scores were 28.3 preoperatively and 25.5 postoperatively. Surgical complications were grade 1 to 2 in 20 cases and grade 3 in 1 case, and there were no grade 4 to 5 complications. Conclusion: Based on the combination of clinical, imaging and pathology data, barrier resection, including tumor resection and functional reconstruction, can be applied to the surgical treatment of STS, with good feasibility and safety, reliable margin and satisfactory local control.

Copyright of Uranium Mining & Metallurgy is the property of Uranium Mining & Metallurgy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, zeolite and bentonite were used as the base materials to prepare barrier. Through mechanics experiment, penetration experiment, microscopic characterization, adsorption experiment, centrifuge model experiment and numerical simulation experiment, the control effect of barrier on ammonia nitrogen pollution in manganese slag storage yard was discussed. The results showed that the optimal mass ratio of zeolite and bentonite was 3:2, and the mass of cement accounted for 50% of the mass ratio of the whole system. The addition of zeolite improved the anti-penetrability performance and mechanical properties of the barrier material, the minimum hydraulic conductivity reached 2.049x10-10 m/s, and the maximum compressive strength reached 3.36 MPa. The zeolite made the internal structure of the barrier material became uniform and dense, which significantly improved the adsorption capacity of the barrier material to ammonia nitrogen. The adsorption process of ammonia nitrogen by the barrier material was more consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model, and the adsorption process was endothermic. With the penetration of ammonia nitrogen solution, the hydraulic conductivity of barrier material gradually decreased and became stable. Visual MODFLOW numerical model was used to simulate the process of ammonia nitrogen migration in groundwater, and the barrier was still not penetrated after 5 000 d. The zeolite-bentonite barrier showed excellent effect in preventing and controlling ammonia nitrogen pollution in manganese slag yard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purple rice is susceptible to the influence of internal and external factors such as temperature, humidity and oxygen during storage, and proper packaging can effectively inhibit aging and mildew of purple rice. In this study, purple rice was packed and stored for 98 days using four packaging materials with different barrier properties, AL/PE, PA/PE single-sided embossed, PA/PE, PE/EVOH/PA/PE, and the dynamic changes of moisture content, fatty acid value, protein content, mold count, electrical conductivity, color value, color difference, E-nose odor, morphological structure and other indicators of purple rice were measured periodically during storage and correlation analysis was performed for each indicator. The results showed that the moisture content of purple rice increased and then decreased, the conductivity increased and then decreased, the △E and fatty acid value increased, the protein content increased slightly and then decreased, the mold count increased and then decreased to stable, and the electronic nose could significantly distinguish purple rice in different storage periods and different packaging materials. From the moisture content, △E, color value, fatty acid value and morphological structure indexes, the quality of purple rice packed with high barrier material PE/EVOH/PA/PE was more stable, and from the indexes of mold count and conductivity, the quality of purple rice packed with PA/PE single-sided embossed material was more stable.

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Synchronization plays an important role in ensuring data consistency and correctness of multicore processor threads. As the number of processor cores increases, the cost of synchronization increases. Barrier synchro-nization is one of the effective methods for multi-core synchronization in parallel applications. Software synchronization methods typically require thousands of cycles to complete synchronizationamong multiplecores. This high latency and serialization synchronization can result in significant performance degradation of multicore programs. Compared with the software barrier synchronization method, the hardware barrier can achieve lower synchronization delay, but the scalability of the centralized hardware barrier is limited and it is dificult to adapt to the multicore processor systems. This paperproposesa hierarchical hardware barrier mechanism caled HSync for multicore processors. It consists of local and global barrier units, which work together to achieve fast synchronization with low hardware overhead. The experimental results show that the hierarchical hardware barrier mechanism improves the performance of the multicore proces-sor system by 1. 13 times and reduces network traffic by74% compared wi hthetraditional centralized hardware barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To understand the current situation of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation participation of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Shanghai and explore its influencing factors. Methods·From October to December 2017, by using the convenience sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain information of CHD patients who visited the cardiovascular outpatient departments from 7 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, concerning sociodemographics, Chinese/Mandarin Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-C/M) and Cardiac Rehabilitation Information Awareness Questionnaire (CRIAQ). The viarate analysis and Spearman analysis were applied to correlation analysis and the structural equation model was applied to path analysis. Results·A total of 273 questionnaires were distributed and 234 valid questionnaires were collected with the effective rate of recovery at 85.7%. The average age of the respondents was (66.78±10.42) years. Only 17 (7.26%) patients self-reported that they participated in the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation at least once after discharge. There was no significant difference in participation rates in different sociodemographics. The Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation information awareness, perceived cardiac rehabilitation barriers, and participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation were significantly correlated (all P=0.000). Path analysis showed that the cardiac rehabilitation information had a direct promoting effect on the behavior of participating in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (β=0.384, P=0.000), and could also be partially mediated by cardiac rehabilitation barriers. Conclusion·Regarding the patients with CHD, the awareness of cardiac rehabilitation information can directly promote their participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, and can also partially alleviate the adverse effect of perceived cardiac rehabilitation barriers. Health care providers should start with improving patients' cardiac rehabilitation information and adopt various forms of health education to improve their cardiac rehabilitation cognition and overcome perceived cardiac rehabilitation barriers. Ultimately, the participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs will be facilitated for patients with CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is the top cause of death in Taiwan. Cancer clinical trials are crucial for developing new treatments. Understanding the motivations and barriers related to the factors of influence on patient decisions regarding participation in cancer clinical trials may help clinical researchers improve patients' understanding of clinical trials and improve their ability to make autonomous decisions regarding informed consent. Purpose: This study was designed to explore the factors affecting patient decisions regarding cancer clinical trial participation using a systematic review of the literature. Methods: A systematic review was used. Articles were retrieved from electronic databases including Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, CINAHLE, and Scopus. The following keywords and MeSH terms were used to search for articles on cancer, clinical trials, participation, factors or motivations, and decision making. A total of 9353 articles published from 2011 to January 2021 that matched the search criteria were extracted. After screening the topics, deleting repetitions, and doing critical appraisals, 40 articles were selected for analysis. Research quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of Evidence criteria. Results: Eight motivations and nine barriers were found to significantly influence patient participation in cancer clinical trials. These motivations were: (1) trust in health professionals, (2) hope for therapeutic benefits, (3) the last treatment option, (4) altruism, (5) family support, (6) extra care, (7) patients' or others' past therapy experience, and (8) other demographic factors. The barriers to participation identified were: (1) fear of side effects or treatment efficacy, (2) concerns about trial requirements and randomization, (3) heavy financial burden, (4) inability to maintain quality of life, (5) inability to participate due to disease progression, (6) having treatment preferences, (7) health professionals' negative attitudes toward clinical trials, (8) family opposition, and (9) providing trial information at an inappropriate time. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Eight motivational factors and nine barriers influencing patient decisions regarding cancer clinical trial participation were extracted from the selected articles. In addition to personal and situational factors, family and health professionals were found to influence patient decisions regarding cancer clinical trial participation. The authors hope that the findings of this study help clinical researchers further improve patient understanding of clinical trials and help patients make autonomous decisions with regard to informed consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bed rest and long-term immobilization are common phenomena among patients in intensive care unit (ICU), which can increase the risk of ICU-acquired weakness and other complications. Early rehabilitation is helpful to improve the physical function of ICU patients, reduce the occurrence of delirium and other psychological problems, and improve their quality of life, which is of great significance to promote their early return to family or society. This paper reviews the current situation and influencing factors of early rehabilitation in ICU environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bed rest and long-term immobilization are common phenomena among patients in intensive care unit (ICU), which can increase the risk of ICU-acquired weakness and other complications. Early rehabilitation is helpful to improve the physical function of ICU patients, reduce the occurrence of delirium and other psychological problems, and improve their quality of life, which is of great significance to promote their early return to family or society. This paper reviews the current situation and influencing factors of early rehabilitation in ICU environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine bath combined with halometasone cream on ceramide and barrier function of stratum corneum in patients with psoriasis. This study recruited 80 patients with psoriasis who were treated in the Dermatology Clinic of our hospital from March 2020 to May 2021. All patients were diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris through clinicopathology. Among them, 52 were male patients and 28 were female patients. The patients were 23~72 years old, with an average age of 48.29±6.33 years old. The experiment was divided into two groups: the control group (conventional drug treatment) and the observation group (Chinese medicinal bath combined with Metone cream for treatment). Observe the recovery of the two groups of patients. Compare the overall severity of psoriasis patients according to PASI. The dryness and desquamation of the skin of patients were evaluated by DLQI score and VAS. The hydration degree and barrier function of the skin of patients with psoriasis were evaluated by capacitance detection and transepidermal water loss. Analyze Cer and Cer ([NP]/[NS]) in the stratum corneum cells of patients by reversed-phase-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The protein expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the diseased area of the patient was detected by Western blot. (1) 3 weeks before treatment, there was no difference in PASI scores between the two groups (P>0.05), and the PASI scores of the observation group at the 5th, 8th and 12th week were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). (2) The DLQI and VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the capacitance of the diseased skin of the observation group increased, and the transepidermal water level de- creased (P<0.05). (4) The Cer content and Cer ([NP]/[NS]) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). (5) The protein expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Chinese medicinal bath combined with halometasone cream can improve the content of Cer and the ratio of Cer ([NP]/ [NS] in patients with psoriasis to maintain the barrier function of stratum corneum cells, thereby improving dry skin and itching of patients. Ceramide and barrier function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the risk prevention and control project of a contaminated site in a pesticide factory, a barrier material was prepared by three-stage mixing process, and the reactive magnesium oxide-activated slag-bentonite vertical barrier (MSB) with a perimeter of 659 m and a depth of 25 m was constructed by high pressure jet grouting and deep soil mixing methods, realizing the engineering application of MSB material in China. After construction, the barrier was sampled, and the core apparent characteristic analysis, unconfined compression and rigid-wall hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted to investigate the influences of two construction methods, barrier depth, and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength qu and the hydraulic conductivity k. The results show that two construction methods can mix the material evenly along the barrier depth and the integrity of the core samples is satisfactory. The qu values of the MSB samples are in the range of 1.6 MPa to 2. 6 MPa after curing for 40 d to 70 d, and increase with increasing curing time. The k values of the core samples permeated with tap water are in the range of 4.5 x 10-8cm/s to 9.0 x 10-8 cm/s. The k values are found to vary insignificantly with the sampling depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the frequency and severity of symptoms of exposure to surgical smoke experienced by operating room nurses and to assess and compare the knowledge of, attitude toward, protective measures for, and resistance factors for surgical smoke among operating room nurses with different background characteristics. Methods: This descriptive and comparative study used a convenience sample of nurses at two operating rooms at a medical institute and asked the nurses to fill a structured self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The three most frequent and severe symptoms were sleepiness, runny nose or other nasal discomfort, and headache and cough. Significant differences in symptom frequency and severity were noted with respect to age, years of nursing/operating room experience, and daily working hours. The knowledge test on surgical smoke was answered correctly by 53.3% of the nurses. The mean score of attitude toward handling surgical smoke was 3.58 and was significantly different with respect to age, work title, clinical nursing ladder, clinical unit, and years of nursing/operating room experience. The mean score for self-protective behavior was 1.47 and significantly differed between different clinical units. The mean score for resistance factor was 1.03 and significantly differed between different work titles. Conclusions: These findings may increase the awareness of the hazards of exposure to surgical smoke and highlight the importance of implementing relevant protection measures, educating medical personnel on the potential risk of and injury after exposure, and improving selfprotective behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the influence law of highway barrier on the impact effects of vehicle collision with bridge piers, so as to reasonably evaluate the safety of the actual pier under vehicle collision, finite element method was employed to carry out simulations of a large-size van-type truck (Ford F800 ) impacting with a low-grade concrete barrier (New Jersey barrier) and barrier-pier system. The motion pattern of the truck after collision with barrier, truck-pier collision mechanism under the protection of the barrier and the impact force peaks of the vehicle, etc., were mainly investigated, and the protective effect of the barrier was further discussed. The simulation results show that under the protection of the barrier, the impact of this van-type truck on the pier depends mainly on the cargo impact, while the engine generally does not collide with the pier. Under certain impact conditions, the peak impact force of the vehicle on the pier may exceed the peak of the impact force when the barrier is not set, even more than twice the latter. When the pier is close to the barrier (e. g., less than 1. 5 m), this low-grade concrete barrier may have a negative effect on the pier against vehicle collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on three technology needs assessment (TNA) reports of the United Nations, this study analyzed the key fields and technology needs for climate change adaptation, and specified the key fields and technology needs in different regions. The results showed that: 1 agriculture and fisheries were the optimal key field for all countries in the world for climate change adaptation, followed by coastal zone management, water resources and health care. The number of priority technology needs for climate change adaptation was consistent with that of key fields, with the greatest technology needs in agriculture, forestry and fishery, followed by coastal zone management, water resources and health care. Priority technology needs in the field of agriculture, forestry and fisheries mainly focused on crop management, efficient irrigation, land management and improved animal husbandry, with the greatest need in the development and use of drought-tolerant/heat-tolerant crop varieties. 2 different regions showed different emphasis on the key fields. While agriculture and forestry were the most needed key fields for all regions, African countries regarded water resources as priority; Asia Pacific, Latin American and Caribbean regions focused on water resources and health care; the least developed countries emphasized on agriculture modernization and forestry; small island developing states considered the technologies for coping with sea level rise and food security as main demand; and European and Commonwealth of Independent States showed an average need for the key fields. 3 All countries have identified barriers for priority technology development and transfer, concerning economy and finance, policy, law and regulatory, institution and organization, as well as technical barriers. Different regions showed the same lack or inadequate access to financial resources and information. Latin American and Caribbean regions reported barriers relating to traditions and habits, and Eastern European countries identified barriers relating to the high cost of production and financial viability of priority technologies. Future key fields and technology developments will mainly focus on the cultivation technology of new agriculture, water resources conservation and seawater desalination technology, etc. These key fields and technology developments can provide reference for China to strengthen international cooperation on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The increasing importance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to global energy demand has increased interest in possible hazards associated with its storage. In this paper, a model of vapor dispersion from large-scale LNG tank was established using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Baffle and three sizes of cofferdams were designed for optimization researches. Under low wind speed condition, simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of barriers on the vapor cloud dispersion by using Fluent software. The results showed that, at the start of dispersion, the height of cofferdam was identified to be the key factor in blocking vapor dispersion in the horizontal direction and the cofferdam would delay the vapor dispersion by 3 — 6 min. However, baffle does not make the downwind dispersion distance shorter, but increase the distance by 5. 2%. The findings and analysis presented here will serve as an important theoretical support for LNG plant safety design and emergency procedures. Key words: LNG tank, dispersion, Fluent, barrier, numerical simulation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing Normal University is the property of Beijing Normal University, Institute of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate and analyze the levels of plasma endotoxin and diamine oxidase （DAO） and the change of the intestinal mucosal barrier in children with pneumonia. Methods 45 children with pneumonia were selected as the experimental group in department of pediatrics from January to December 2011，and 30 healthy children were selected as the control group. The children with pneumonia were divided into severe group （n＝10） and non-severe group （n＝35). 2～3 mL blood from every individual was collected, and the levels of endotoxin and DAO in isolated plasma were measured by spectrophotometry．Results The level of plasma endotoxin of the experimental group, severe group， non-severe group and control group was （0.18 ±0.20), （0.47±0.27), （0.10±0.05） and （0.03±0.002） EU/mL, respectively. And the level of DAO was （1.843± 1.455), （4.157±1.580), （1.351±0.823） and （1.352±0.368） U/mL, respectively. The level of endotoxin in the experimental group was higher than that in control group, with statistical significance (＜0.01). But there was no significant difference between the two groups on the level of DAO (＞0.05） . There was significant difference among the severe group, non-severe group and control group on the levels of endotoxin and DAO (＜0.01), and the level in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group or control group， with statistical significance (＜0.01). There was no significant difference between the non-severe group and control group ( ＞0.05). Conclusion There was damage of intestinal mucosal barrier in children with severe pneumonia， and the intestinal barrier permeability was increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore socio-demographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with medication adherence among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 133 patients with CHF who had visited a clinic located in Seoul participated. Medication adherence (MA) was measured using a single item visual analogue rating scale (VAS). Barriers and attitudes toward adherence, and depression were measured using a structured questionnaire. Medical records were reviewed to identify their clinical characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was performed identify factors affecting medication adherence. Results: About one third of participants (31.1%) reported their MA as 100%. Overall attitudes on MA were highly positive and 49 (36.8%) of participants were depressive. MA was associated with significantly barriers (p<.001), attitudes (p<.001), age (p<.001), and duration of disease (p<.001). The high adherent group had significantly less barriers than other groups (OR=.389, p=0.02). Conclusion: This study indicates that barriers and attitudes toward MA were the most important factors affecting their adherence to HF medication. To improve MA for patient with CHF, the nursing strategies which can lead poor adherent patients to their optimal level should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is the top cause of death in Taiwan. Cancer clinical trials are crucial for developing new treatments. Understanding the motivations and barriers related to the factors of influence on patient decisions regarding participation in cancer clinical trials may help clinical researchers improve patients' understanding of clinical trials and improve their ability to make autonomous decisions regarding informed consent., Purpose: This study was designed to explore the factors affecting patient decisions regarding cancer clinical trial participation using a systematic review of the literature., Methods: A systematic review was used. Articles were retrieved from electronic databases including Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, CINAHLE, and Scopus. The following keywords and MeSH terms were used to search for articles on cancer, clinical trials, participation, factors or motivations, and decision making. A total of 9353 articles published from 2011 to January 2021 that matched the search criteria were extracted. After screening the topics, deleting repetitions, and doing critical appraisals, 40 articles were selected for analysis. Research quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of Evidence criteria., Results: Eight motivations and nine barriers were found to significantly influence patient participation in cancer clinical trials. These motivations were: (1) trust in health professionals, (2) hope for therapeutic benefits, (3) the last treatment option, (4) altruism, (5) family support, (6) extra care, (7) patients' or others' past therapy experience, and (8) other demographic factors. The barriers to participation identified were: (1) fear of side effects or treatment efficacy, (2) concerns about trial requirements and randomization, (3) heavy financial burden, (4) inability to maintain quality of life, (5) inability to participate due to disease progression, (6) having treatment preferences, (7) health professionals' negative attitudes toward clinical trials, (8) family opposition, and (9) providing trial information at an inappropriate time., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Eight motivational factors and nine barriers influencing patient decisions regarding cancer clinical trial participation were extracted from the selected articles. In addition to personal and situational factors, family and health professionals were found to influence patient decisions regarding cancer clinical trial participation. The authors hope that the findings of this study help clinical researchers further improve patient understanding of clinical trials and help patients make autonomous decisions with regard to informed consent.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of copper and iron contents in brain tissue, body fluids and barriers of rats exposed to lead at different periods in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of lead nerve injury. Methods: Sixty-four healthy adult SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and lead exposure group, after one week of adaptive feeding, rats in the lead exposure group were treated with 250 mg/L lead acetate, and rats in control group were treated with ordinary drinking water, the experimental period was 12 weeks. After exposure for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks, the samples including blood, choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, amygdala, substantia nigra and cerebellum were obtained. Lead, copper and iron content in all kinds of samples were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS). The measurement data were presented as Mean±SD , Comparison of metal contents in different tissues of rats at different time analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance, Two-variable correlation analysis using Spearman correlation test.The relationship between lead exposure experiod and copper and iron in samples was studied by using trend test. Results: After 12 weeks of lead exposure compared with the control group, lead contents in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, amygdala, substantia nigra and cerebellum of rats were 2.21, 2.44, 2.95, 3.53, 4.01, 1.85 and 2.86 folds of control group, and the differences were statistically significant( P <0.05). At the same time, lead content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid,choroid plexus, brain microvessels and bones increased. The increase rate in the amygdala and cerebrospinal fluid ranked first among brain tissue or barrier,which were 4.01 and 3.0 folds respectively. Compared with the control group, Compared with the control group, copper content in cortex,hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus,amygdala, cerebellum,blood,cerebrospinal fluid,choroid plexus and cerebral microvasculature showed an increasing trend among rats following 3,6,9,12 weeks of lead exposure. Copper content change in the striatum was highest among all brain tissue. The increase rate of copper content in the striatum was at the top among brain tissues. After 12 weeks of lead exposure,copper content in brain microvessels was 4.98 folds higher than that of the control group ( P <0.05). After lead exposure at different periods,the iron content in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum,cerebrospinal fluid,choroid plexus and brain microvessels of experimental rats all increased( P <0.05). And the iron increase rate in the hypothalamus or cerebrospinal fluid increase ranked first among brain tissues or body fluid the most obviously. Conclusion: With the increase of exposure time, lead exposure can changes in the contents of copper and iron in different brain tissues,body fluids and barriers in rats,among which, the contents of copper and iron in the amygdala,cerebrospinal fluid and brain microvessels increase significantly. This may be related to nerve damage from lead exposure.

Objective: To study the mechanism of vocal mucosal barrier damage mediated by NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated signaling pathway via probing the expression of inflammatory factors and essential proteins for node of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods: The patients suffering from vocal leukoplakia accompanied with larygopharyngeal reflux(LPR) were treated with oral administration of proton pump inhibitor(PPI). Mucosal specimens of vocal cord were collected from all patients before PPI treatment. And the mucosal specimens of vocal cord were collected from the patients with suspected recurrence at 8 weeks after PPI treatment. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the mucosa. ELISA was utilized to detect the levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6. Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-p65, p-IKK and p-IκB. Immunofluorescence method was adopted to detect the entrance of p65 to cell nucleus.Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results: In PPI untreated group, the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the specimens of 8 weeks after operation were not different significantly from those obtained during operation.But in the PPI-treated group, the expressions were down-regulated.The expression of p-p65 in the middle and high grade heterogenous hyperplasia group was higher than that of low level heterogenous hyperplasia group.The difference of p65 and p-p65 expression between 8 weeks after surgery and surgery in PPI-untreated group was statistically insignificant ( P >0.05). The difference of p65 expression between PPI-treated group and PPI pre-treatment group was statistically insignificant ( P >0.05). The expression of p-p65 in the PPI-treated group was lower than that of the PPI pre-treatment group ( P <0.05). The expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were positively related with that of NF-κB-p65. Immun of luorescence method revealed the entrance of p65 to cell nucleus in PPI pre-treatment group, which meant that NF-κB was activated. In the PPI-treated group, few activated p65 could be observed in the cell nucleu. Conclusion: The possible mechanism of vocal mucosal barrier damage in vocal leukoplakia accompanied with LPR maybe the vocal mucosal inflammation mediated by NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated signaling pathway activated with refluxed materials.

Evidence-based healthcare, the organized translation of knowledge into practice, and the implementation of evidence in practice have become vital in nursing care and health policy. Evidence translation is an essential concept that relates to the knowledge development and core competence of advanced practice nurses (APNs). The present article introduces the development and definitions of nursing evidence translation. The evidence-based nursing perspectives of Techne and Phronesis are used to illustrate the characteristics and nature of knowledge translation. The evidence translation models are introduced and the barriers that are often encountered during the three stages of evidence translation are explained. The final section discusses the future development of evidence translation.