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The expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) was up-regulated and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was significantly increased in colon cancer patients. As the main prostaglandin produced by COX-2, PGE2 plays an important role in angiogenesis, survival, invasion and migration of colon cancer cells. The EP4 receptor, as an important transporter of PGE2 signaling, increases the survival and development of colon cancer cells through various mechanisms of overexpression. Signal pathway starting from COX-2, continuing with PGE2 and ending with EP4 can promote the spread and growth of colon cancer. Therefore, targeting the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis may be a valuable treatment method for colon cancer. This article outlines the biological activity of COX-2, the mechanism of action of COX-2/PGE2/EP4 as a signal axis in colon cancer, and the research progress of targeted drugs in colon cancer prevention.

Objective: This study focuses on solving the problems of large memory consumption, low recognition accuracy and slow recognition speed in the classification process of peanut quality. Methods: A method for classification of peanut quality based on deep learning and image processing was proposed. The Coordinate Attention module was firstly introduced to encode the obtained feature graph into a pair of direction-aware and position-sensitive attention graph, which improved the ability to obtain the information of the region of interest of the graph. Then, Gradient Centralization was used to improve the optimizer. By modifying the parameters of the last fire layer and the convolution layer. An improved model, CG-SqueezeNet, was applied to peanut pod quality grading. Results: The classical convolutional network models VGG16, AlexNet, DenseNet121, ResNet50, Squeezenet were improved, and five different base classifier models were trained by transfer learning. By comparing with the classic model, it was found that the CG-SqueezeNet model could better learn the features of the region of interest in the image. The detection accuracy of the actual peanut pod image database was 97.83%, and the parameter memory was only 2.52 MB. Conclusion: The method is suitable for deployment on embedded resource-limited devices such as mobile terminals, which helps to realize real-time and accurate identification of peanut pod quality.

The aerodynamic noise of a landing gear is an important source of airframe noise. The analysis of its noise characteristics plays an important role in the design of a low-noise landing gear. Based on the FL-52 acoustic wind tunnel test technology, the coupled scale adaptive model and the acoustic disturbance equation, the results on aerodynamic noise of a full-scale landing gear model are analyzed. The high-fidelity model includes transverse strut, torsion arm, piston rod, wheel and other parts. The characteristics of static pressure distribution, power spectrum density of pulsating pressure, aerodynamic noise source distribution and directivity of overall sound pressure level are analyzed. The noise characteristics of the far-field microphone are compared with the local microphone installed in the wheel cavity. In this way, we characterize the directivity of pure tone in the wheel cavity and understand its contribution to the far-field noise. The results show that the aerodynamic noise of the landing gear can be quantified accurately by the hybrid numerical method. The pure tone has two frequencies inside and outside the wheel of the landing gear: 560 Hz and 960 Hz. The peak of the loudest sound pressure level reaches 136 dB, and the pure tone radiates to the surface of the non-separation area of the wheel of the landing gear. However, the wall pressure spectrum of the points located in the turbulence region shows a wide-frequency characteristic, and there is no obvious pure tone. From the point of view of the far-field noise directivity, the forward noise of the landing gear is larger than the rear noise, and there is a small overall sound pressure level area at the points of 65 and 110 degrees respectively. When the monitoring points are far away, the far-field noise of the landing gear shows the characteristics of wide frequency, and no obvious pure tone appears. The method can provide the technical support for predicting the aeroacoustics of a landing gear and designing a low-noise land gear.

The WCp/Hadfield steel composite and a composite-steel composite structure were manufactured by the squeeze casting method,the impact wear resistance of the WCp/Hadfield steel composite and the composite structure were investigated.Pure Fe powder was added into the WC particle preform and the surrounding region to control the structure of the interface between the steel and the composite in the composite structure. The results show that no melt of WC and no transition layer are formed at the interface between the steel and composite region in the composite structure, because the Fe powder absorbs a lot of heat and melt,however which is present in the composite. The wear rate of the composite is higher than the Hadfield steel, because of the material avalanched at the edge of the worn surface, but the wear resistance of the composite structure is improved by 1.34 times than Hadfield steel. Through the wear morphology analyzing, the reasons of the composite avalanching and the impact wear resistance mechanism for the composite structure were discussed.

Objective To investigate the changes of vaspin and TNF⁃α levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) after non⁃surgical periodontal treatment. Methods 60 subjects were divided into 4 groups: DM ⁃CP group (patients with both T2DM and CP, n＝15); CP group (CP patients without T2DM, n＝15); DM group (T2DM patients without CP, n＝15), and CTRL group (systemically and periodontally healthy individuals, n＝15). The clinical parameters of periodontal tissue and GCF were measured before and 8 weeks after non⁃surgical periodontal treatment. The levels of vaspin and TNF⁃α were measured by ELISA. Results The lev⁃ els of vaspin and TNF⁃α in CP group were significantly higher than those in CTRL group (P < 0.05), while the levels of vaspin and TNF⁃α in CP group were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). There was a statistically signifi⁃ cant positive correlation between the total amount of vaspin and the total amount of TNF⁃α, the level of HbA1c, gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results shows that vaspin and TNF⁃α are greatly de⁃creased in periodontitis after non⁃surgical periodontal treatment. It suggests that vaspin and TNF⁃ α in GCF may serve as inflammatory markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes and periodontitis.

Chloritization is a typical middle-low temperature hydrothermal alteration type of early ore-forming stage in Shulouqiu deposit of Changjiang rock mass in southern Zhuguang. In this paper, the chlorite in the horizontal alteration zone around the ore body are studied comprehensively by optical microscopy, electron probe and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the lithological characteristics and genesis of chlorite, they are divided into five types: fissure filling chlorite, biotite altered chlorite, feldspar altered chlorite, dolomite altered chlorite and spherical chlorite. The five types of chlorite are all trioctahedral iron-rich chlorite with the same structure type, belonging to three species: vermicular chlorite, ferromagnesian chlorite and uraninite chlorite. Then, the five types of chlorite may have formed in the same period of fluid action in the early ore-forming period, with the formation temperature between 219 ~ 282°C and log fo2 between -47.74 ~ -43.69. Combined with previous research results in the region, the early ore-forming fluid may be a crust-mantle mixed fluid dominated by mantle-derived materials, with strong reducibility. Its formation is related to the intrusion of regional basic veins, which provides a reducing field for the mineralization system, resulting in the reduction and precipitation of U6+ in the ore-forming fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-task learning, a learner adds the learned programs into background knowledge (BK) and reuses them to learn other programs. Continually acquiring BK can lead to the problem of excessive BK, which overwhelms a learning system. Hence, it is necessary to forget irrelevant BK. However, existing forgetting approaches rarely consider the relevance between BK and learning tasks, commonly providing the same BK for different induction tasks. To address this issue, this paper proposes a relevance identification approach based on counterfactual thinking, termed counterfactual acquisition. This approach first measures each hypothesis' s contribution to the learning task using a relevance function. Then, it retains only those hypotheses whose relevance function values exceed a predefined threshold. Moreover, this approach is applied to inductive logic programming (ILP) through the introduction of a multi- task ILP learner named Countergol. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that Countergol can reduce the hypothesis space and sample complexity size. Experimental comparisons against other forgetting approaches show that Countergol outperforms similar methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heating furnace of the 1.20 MM TPY delayed coking unit of PetroChina Dushanzi Petro-chemical Co., Ltd. undergoes mechanical decoking once a year, during which the blower and induced draft fan need to be stopped. The VOCs generated by the deodorization system and odor control facilities can only be directly discharged into the atmosphere, which will cause pollution to the environment. A temporary mobile deodorization system needs to be added, with a cost of about 300,000 yuan. Based on the considerations of environmental protection and improving quality and efficiency, a feasibility analysis and industrial application of the mechanical decoking process scheme for non-stop blowers and induced draft fans were carried out. The results show that by using non-stop blowers and induced draft fans for mechanical coke cleaning, the temperature of the heating furnace tube wall can meet the requirement of not exceeding 100 °C. The maximum mass concentration of NOx in the flue gas of the heating furnace is 78 mg/m³, which meets the environmental protection requirement of not exceeding 100 mg/m³. The volume fraction of combustible gas at the entrance of the operating furnace chamber is 0.022%, which meets the safety production requirements. The economic benefit of the unit in 6 months was 2.479 million yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the agreement in judging the responsible vessels for hemifacial spasm (HFS) between the preoperative 3D Slicer 3D reconstruction and the actual intraoperative judgment of microvascular decompression (MVD). Methods A total of 62 patients with HFS who underwent MVD in Dong'e County People's Hospital of Shandong Province from July 2018 to January 2024 were included. 3D fast inflow with the steady state precession (3D-FIESTA) and 3D time-of-flight (3D-TOF) MRA were performed before surgery. 3D Slicer software was used to fuse 3D-FIESTA and 3D-TOF MRA images and 3D reconstruction to clarify the responsible vessels. The actual intraoperative judgment was taken as the "gold standard", and the agreement between preoperative 3D reconstruction and actual intraoperative judgment was compared. Results There were 61 cases whose responsible vessels were identified by preoperative 3D reconstruction, including anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 47 cases, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 6 cases, vertebral artery (VA) in 5 cases, VA + AICA in 2 cases, and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) in one case. The 59 cases were consistent with actual intraoperative judgment. In one case, the preoperative 3D reconstruction was considered as VA compression, and the intraoperative evidence was VA + AICA compression; in one case, preoperative 3D reconstruction was AICA responsible vessels were found in one case, and the intraoperative evidence was arteriole compression. The accuracy of preoperative 3D reconstruction was 95.16% (59/62). Agreement test showed a high consistency between preoperative 3D reconstruction and actual intraoperative judgment (- = 0.886, P = 0.000). Conclusions It is very accurate to define the responsible vessels by 3D reconstruction before MVD in patients with HFS, which is helpful to make the surgical plan and provide the basis for the judgment of the responsible vessels during the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective] Dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity are key parameters for characterizing the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments and predicting hydrate saturation. Thus, petrophysical models based on the two electrical parameters for interpreting the dielectric and resistivity logging data need to be established. However, because of the peculiarity of marine sediments containing gas hydrates, effective petrophysical models for accurately evaluating hydrate saturation are lacking. Considering the high cost of obtaining real hydrate-bearing sediment samples from field drilling, researchers usually conduct simulation experiments in the laboratory to prepare hydrate-bearing samples and perform electrical tests. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) has the advantage that both permittivity and conductivity can be derived from TDR responses. However, traditional TDR probes cannot be used in high-conductivity marine sediments because of the high attenuation of electromagnetic signals along the probe rods. Thus, the development of new TDR probes applicable to hydrate-bearing marine sediments with high porewater salinity is of great significance. [Methods] First, a new type of probe, called a segmented coating TDR probe, was designed. Then, a testing platform for hydrate simulation experiments in marine sediments and TDR testing was developed. To derive the permittivity and conductivity from the TDR responses, the TDR probe parameters, such as the real length of rods and geometric factor, were determined based on standard calibration tests. To correct the impacts of the segmented coatings on the derived electrical parameters, two groups of tests were designed and conducted. One group of tests was performed on standard materials with permittivity from 1 to 80, including air, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and deionized water. The other group of tests was performed on sodium chloride aqueous solutions with mass fractions up to 4%. Correction models were established based on the regression between the permittivity and conductivity derived from the TDR responses and reference values. The tetrahydrofuran hydrate simulation experiments in simulated sediments and TDR tests were conducted. The reliability of the testing platform was verified by analyzing the dynamic changes in the apparent permittivity and conductivity in TDR tests during the formation of the hydrates and by discussing the influences of hydrate saturation. Hydrate saturation evaluation models based on the apparent permittivity, conductivity, and their combination were established. [Results] Results showed that 1 the hardware part of the testing platform mainly includes a sample container, TDR testing unit, and temperature measurement unit, whereas the software part includes two sets of software that are matched with the TDR testing unit and temperature measurement unit; 2 the real length of rods and geometric factor of the segmented coating TDR probe are 150.60 mm and 3.36 m-1, respectively; and 3 the root--mean--square errors of hydrate saturation predicted by the permittivity-based, conductivity-based, and joint models are 4.95%, 6.62%, and 4.79%, respectively. [Conclusions] The testing platform developed based on the new TDR probe, i.e., segmented coating TDR probe, can be used to measure the apparent permittivity and conductivity of high-conductivity marine sediments containing hydrates simultaneously. The joint model of hydrate saturation based on the combination of two electrical parameters, i.e., apparent permittivity and conductivity, performs better than the permittivity-based and conductivity-based models. This result can be attributed to the incorporation of dielectric polarization and electrical conduction mechanisms into the joint model. This study provides a platform for the electrical testing of marine sediment samples containing natural gas hydrates and a petrophysical model for the interpretation of electrical logging data from hydrate reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the countercurrent leaching process of neutral leaching and acid leaching in traditional zinc hydrometallurgy process, a small part of copper and most of germanium in the acid leaching solution will precipitate into the leaching residue when the acid leaching solution returns to the neutral leaching process, resulting in low recovery of copper and failure of direct separation and enrichment of germanium. Focusing on the separation and enrichment of copper and germanium in acid leaching solution of zinc calcine, the separation behavior of copper and germanium in the process of directly copper replacement and germanium neutralization precipitation of acid leaching solution was studied. The experimental results show that higher amount of iron powder and lower pH value will cause coprecipitation of copper and germanium in the acid leaching solution. Under the conditions of the temperature of 70 °C, iron powder stoichiometric addition of 1.2, time of two hours, pH value of 1.5-2.0, and reaction time of 20 minutes, the precipitation rate of germanium and copper is 2.51% and 96.53% respectively, which realizes effective separation of copper and germanium in solution. The arsenic in solution is co-precipitate wth copper. The main phases in the cementation products are Cu3As and Cu2O, and the mass fraction of copper in replacement precipitate is 58.02%. Under the condition of H2O2 dosage of 5 mL/L, temperature of 70 °C, time of 2.5 hours, and end point pH value of 5.0-5.2, the content of copper, iron and germanium in the neutralization solution is 16.52, 1.39 and 0.43 mg/L, respectively, which meets the requirements of subsequent purification. The neutralization residue is enriched with 2 501.40 g/t of germanium, which can be used as raw material for recovery of germanium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on one-dimensional water hammer theory and combined with an engineering example, the selection of the flow characteristics of the end control valve of gravity flow system with wide-range flow variation is numerically studied from three aspects: the influence of flow characteristics of control valve on its steady-state opening-degree, the determination of the most unfavorable flow conditions of valveclosing water hammer, and the influence of flow characteristics of contrive valve on valve-closing water hammer. And the flow characteristics of linear type, parabola type and equal percentage type are compared. The results show that: 1 The equal percentage flow characteristic is more conducive to the stable operation of the control valve under the low flow condition. Under this condition, the steady-state opening-degree of the equal percentage type control valve is larger, which can avoid cavitation and vibration caused by too small opening. 2 The most unfavorable flow condition of the valve-closing water hammer should consider the minimum initial flow condition, under which the water hammer pressure of the input point of the control valve is largest because of the largest initial pressure and the shortest closing time. 3 The equal percentage flow characteristic is more conducive to reducing the control valve-closing water hammer pressure. Under the same initial flow rate and valve closing rate, the control valve with equal percentage type flow characteristics has a larger initial opening-degree, a longer actual closing time, and a smaller change gradient of flow coefficient in the small opening-degree range, so the extreme value of the valve-closing water hammer pressure is smaller, which is more conducive to pipeline safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the inhibition of total flavonoids purified extract (TFSE) of sea buckthorn peel residue on pancreatic lipase, this research optimized the purification condition of total flavonoids crude extract (TFCE) of sea buckthorn peel residue using AB-8 macroporous resin by means of static and dynamic adsorption and desorption experiment. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-MS) was used to analyze the component of TFSE. In addition, the inhibitory effect and types of TFSE on pancreatic lipase were explored through the method of nitrophenyl butyrate combined with enzymatic reaction kinetics. The results showed that the optimal purification conditions for AB-8 macroporous resin were a sample concentration of 2.2 mg/mL, a sample pH of 5.0, a sample volume of 140 mL, and a sample flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The volume fraction of ethanol was 75% with the eluent being 120 mL and the elution flow rate being 1.5 mL/min. After separation and purification under these conditions, the purity of TFSE increased from 9.786% to 50.204%. The total of 39 phenolic compounds were identified from TFSE with flavonoids like rutin, catechins, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside being the main compounds. TFSE had a strong inhibition on pancreatic lipase with the IC50 being 12.46 mg/mL. In addition, the inhibition type was determined to be non-competitive inhibition by using double reciprocal plot method of Lineweaver-Burk with an inhibition constant Ki being 10.21 mg/mL. TFSE has better inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase, which is of great significance for improving the added value of sea buckthorn peel residue products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviewed the blending modification of polylactic acid (PLA) from the aspects of degradable materials, nanomaterials and polyurethane, and its applications were summarized. Finally, the future development prospect in modification of PLA was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To provide a reference for the health department and to improve the medical quality by analyzing and evaluating the medical quality of public traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2022 comprehensively. Methods Based on the survey data of public TCM hospitals participating in performance appraisal in Shandong Province, the medical quality of public TCM hospitals in Shandong Province was comprehensively evaluated by using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, RSR method and the fuzzy combination method of the two. Results According to the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, the evaluation results of medical quality were the best in 2019, followed by 2022, with C values of 0.594 4 and 0.548 6, respectively, the evaluation results of RSR method were the best in 2022, followed by 2021, with RSR values of 0.750 0 and 0.688 0, respectively, and the best evaluation results of the two fuzzy joint methods were in 2022 and followed by 2021, and the three evaluation methods showed that the evaluation results of medical quality in 2020 were the worst. Conclusion Although the evaluation results of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS and RSR methods and the fuzzy joint method are slightly different, the trend is basically the same, and the medical quality of public TCM hospitals in Shandong Province has been improving year by year from 2019 to 2022. The fuzzy combination method of the two can reflect the evaluation results more scientifically and reasonably, and has certain reference significance for the improvement of medical quality level and management standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the feasibility of producing protein feed by microbial enzyme synergy fermentation of feather meal and to determine the process parameters for this production. The keratin-degrading bacterial strains selected from the laboratory were combined with commercially available keratinase enzyme preparations to utilize microbial enzyme synergy in solid-state fermentation of feather meal. The in vitro pepsin digestibility was used as the index to analyze the fermentation time, inoculation amount, microbial enzyme ratio, and water addition through single-factor and orthogonal test analysis. The results showed that the optimal fermentation process was obtained: The water addition to feather meal was 45%, the microbial enzyme ratio was 1:1, the inoculation amount was 6%, and the fermentation time was 7 days. After fermentation, the in vitro pepsin digestibility of feather meal was 63.97%, which was significantly improved by 15.22% compared to before fermentation (P<0.01), and the soluble protein content was 3.51 g/L, which was significantly increased by 80% compared to before fermentation (P<0.05). The study indicates that under the optimal process parameters, using microbial enzyme synergy in solid-state fermentation of feather meal can efficiently produce protein feed and enhance the feed value of feather meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airway management in complex tracheobronchial surgery (TBS) remains a challenge in thoracic surgery. The use of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation (ECMO) in thoracic surgery is rather rare, except for lung transplantation. To report the safety and efficacy of ECMO in complex TBS, a total of 5 patients with tracheobronchial and bronchial reconstructive surgery supported by ECMO in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University from May 2019 to June 2024 were collected. Among them, 4 cases of tracheal tumor (including long-segment trachea resection and reconstruction, or carinal resection and reconstruction) and 1 case of acute airway obstruction caused by tracheal rupture were included, all of which were performed in veno-venous ECMO (V-V ECMO) mode. Systemic heparinization was used in 2 patients, and anticoagulation was not performed in 3 patients, which were maintained only by ECMO heparin-coated lines. 4 patients recovered well after surgery, and 1 patient died 1 month after surgery due to immune-related pneumonia. For complex TBS, or in emergency situations (tracheal stenosis with risk of asphyxiation), ECMO can provide adequate support and safeguard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of Toona sinensis bark extract (TAE) on the colon mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in mice with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). METHODS: Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to control, model, and mesalazine (0.2 g/kg) groups, as well as TAE groups (low, medium, and high-doses equal to crude drug concentrations of 2. 3, 4. 6 and 9. 2 g/ kg respectively) . The UC model was induced by drinking of 2. 5% DSS and mean while the drugs were administered for 10 days. The mice were then evaluated in terms of weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen index, and pathological changes in the colon tissues. In addition, the level of apoptosis in colon tissues was assessed by terminal de-oxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence staining, and the expression of related proteins was evaluated by Western blot, levels of inflammatory factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assessed by biochemical assays. Furthermore, the constitution and diversity of the gut microbiota were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, mice in the model group showed significantly reduced body weights (P<0. 01), and the colon length was shortened significantly (P<0. 05). Marked increases in the DAI and spleen index were observed (P<0. 01), along with severe damage to the colon mucosa (P<0. 01). Mechanistically, the level of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis was significantly raised ( P<0. 01). The model group showed markedly reduced expression of occludin and claudin-1 (P<0. 01), the level of IL-10, and activities of T-SOD and CAT in the colon tissues (P<0. 01). While the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and the MDA content were increased significantly (P<0. 05). The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were decreased in the model group (P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, all these indicators were ameliorated by the administration of TAE (P<0. 05). The abundance of pathogenic bacteria, including Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella, was decreased remarkably (P<0. 05), while that of probiotics, including Bacteroidota and Muribaculaceae, were increased significantly (P<0. 05). The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were increased. CONCLUSION: Taken together, Toona sinensis bark alcohol extract can alleviate damage to the intestinal mucosa by suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell, reducing the inflammatory response, and mitigating oxidative stress. Treatment with TAE could also maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota by regulating the abundance, ultimately meliorate the function of intestinal mucosal barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of quercetagetin on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, and immune function of piglets, and to determine the feasibility of application of quercetagetin in the production of weaned piglets. A total of 96 'DurocxLandracexYorkshire' piglets at 28 days of age were divided into four groups, with three replicates per group, each replicate consisting of eight piglets. Piglets in each group were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg quercetagetin, respectively. The preliminary trial lasted for one week, and the formal experiment lasted for four weeks. The results showed that compared with the control group, the final weight and average daily weight gain of the 400 mg/kg group were significantly increased by 6.39% and 10.86%, respectively (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced by 8.68% (P<0.05). The diarrhea rate in the 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the serum D-lactic acid content in the 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups was significantly reduced (P<0.01), the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) content in the 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the content of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the 400 mg/kg group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the levels of diamine oxidase and endotoxin were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The study indicates that quercetagetin can improve the growth performance, immune function and reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets. The quercetagetin optimal supplemental level is 400 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought and water scarcity are inherent features of Xinjiang's physical geography. It is crucial to understand the spatiotemporal evolutionary patterns and influencing factors of water use for effective water resources demand management. In this study, we investigated the influencing factors which drive the temporal change and spatial heterogeneity in water use pattern in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. In addition, we quantified the main influencing factors contributing to higher per capita water use in Xinjiang in comparison to the average levels of other regions in northwest China and whole China. The conclusions can be drawn: (1) The total water use in Xinjiang showed a first increasing then decreasing trend, whereas per capita water use showed an overall declining trend. (2) The change of water use intensity and industrial structure were the main reasons for the decline of total water use in Xinjiang. (3) High water intensity and agriculture dominated industrial structure were the main reasons for higher per capita water use in Xinjiang than other regions in northwest China and whole China. (4) Per capita water use across various prefectures in Xinjiang exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, primarily attributable to variations in water use intensity, per capita GDP, and industrial structure. Based on the main results, we propose relevant water management policy recommendations, which can provide a scientific reference for sustainable water use and management in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a strategic pillar industry of the national economy, playing a role in cultural prosperity, national unity and stabilizing the border. Border ethnic areas in western China are rich in cultural and tourism resources, and promoting the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration is an important hand in promoting the interaction, communication and integration of various ethnic groups and casting a firm sense of Chinese national community. Taking the border ethnic areas as the research object, based on the multi-indicator panel data from 2011 to 2020, we measure the level of high-quality development of culture and tourism, analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordination degree, and identify the driving factors. The study found that: (1) The level of high-quality development of culture and tourism in the border ethnic areas is generally on the rise, the impact of the new crown epidemic on tourism is obvious in 2020, and the level of high-quality development of culture is higher than the level of high-quality development of tourism due to the influence of historical and cultural precipitation and cultural exchanges. (2) The degree of coordination of high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in all provinces and regions is rising in fluctuation, and the level of coordination is gradually optimized. The coordination level of high- quality development of cultural and tourism integration is higher in Guangxi and Yunnan, forming the "Matthew effect". (3) The investment level, policy support, market supply and transportation conditions are the important driving force for the high-quality development of cultural and tourism integration in the border ethnic areas, among which the investment level shows the strongest utility. The results of the study provide theoretical basis and data support for the high-quality development of culture and tourism integration in border ethnic areas, which can help strengthen the construction of cultural tourism, realize the transformation and upgrading of tourism, and enhance the vitality and influence of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectively understanding the ecosystem services of the Mongolian Plateau and their response to climate factors is of great significance for formulating scientific strategies for ecosystem protection and utilization under the climate change. Based on the data of land use/cover and meteorological observation, this study combined model simulation, spatial analysis and statistical analysis to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of main ecosystem services and theirs relationships with climate factors in the Mongolian Plateau. The results showed that: (1) The habitat quality, water production, carbon storage, and green leisure services of the Mongolian Plateau were high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south. The air purification service was high in the west and low in the east, high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas. (2) From 2000 to 2020, habitat quality, water yield, carbon storage and green leisure services showed increasing trends with the increase rate of 9.76%, 36.02%, 7.96% and 7.37%, respectively, and the variation of ecosystem services showed an obvious spatial heterogeneity. (3) Climate factors including annual average precipitation, temperature and wind speed are significantly correlated with different ecosystem services. For the whole region of Mongolian Plateau, precipitation contributed most to changes of habitat quality, water yield, carbon storage and green space leisure; wind speed contributed most to the changes of air purification. The contribution of various factors also varied in different subregions. The study comprehensively evaluated the ecosystem status of Mongolian Plateau from the perspective of ecosystem services. The findings could provide scientific reference for China-Mongolia cooperation in ecosystem management to adapt the climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of stretching process parameters on the safety performance of modified double base propellant molding process, the compression melting section, melt conveying section and die forming section are modeled as a whole, the density, rheological properties of the modified double base propellant slurry are determined, the mesh independ¬ence of the fluid domain is verified based on Polyflow software, and the safety characteristics of the stretch molding process of the modified double base propellant slurry under non-isothermal conditions are studied. The results show that the increase of screw speed increases the temperature, pressure and shear rate of the slurry, and there is a risk of ignition and explosion, in or¬der to ensure the safety, the appropriate screw speed in the stretching molding process is 10 r/min. With the increase of screw temperature, the shear rate decreases, the plasticization degree of the material becomes worse, and the increase of screw temperature is easy to decompose the material, combined with the composition characteristics of the sensitive material of mod¬ified double base propellant, the screw temperature is relatively safe at 85 °C . Compared with the screw temperature, the change of sleeve temperature has little influence on the material flow field, and combined with the actual production conditions of modified double base propellant, the sleeve holding temperature of 70 °C is suitable for the production of modified double base propellant. Based on the simulation results, it is concluded that the effects of rapid changes in pressure and temperature should be paid attention to in the propellant production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study is conducted on the Heiqia tunnel in the Karakoram alpine region in the northwest of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau to examine the tempo-spatial distribution characteristics and variation rules of the temperature field of the tunnels in extremely high-altitude cold regions. First, a remote automatic monitoring system, including meteorological elements, is established on-site to collect temperature data. Second, a three-dimensional numerical model of the tunnel is proposed, considering the effects of turbulence on heat transfer and conduction, and the accuracy of the model is validated by monitoring the data. Finally, the variational characteristics of the tunnel temperature field before and after laying the insulation layer are analyzed. The results show the following: (1) Freeze-thaw action in the range of 0-270 m from the entrance affects the tunnel, and a linear positive correlation exists between the air temperature in the tunnel and the lining temperature. (2) The influence of air temperature on the radial temperature field of the tunnel is primarily reflected in the lining and shallow surrounding rock. (3) The average temperature of the coldest month in the high-altitude region is the highest, followed by that in the high-latitude region, and that in the extremely high-altitude region is the lowest, whereas the maximum freezing depth presents the inverse order. (4) The thermal insulation layer plays a positive role in insulating the lining and surrounding rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote scientific progress and optimize the utilization of natural plant resources that rich in selenium, the study selected selenium-rich Hibiscus manihot L. as the research object, using the HG-AFS to detect the selenium content in different plant organ samples, ultrasound assisted ethanol extraction of selenium containing organic active components from sunflower flowers, and obtaining the optimal extraction process by response surface methodology. At the same time, conducting antioxidant activity research on selenium containing extracts. The results showed that the total Se concentrations in different organs of Hibiscus manihot L., from highest to lowest were found in the leaves, fruits, flowers, roots, and stems, with concentrations of 21.99, 14.29, 12.93, 10.90, and 10.23 mg/kg, respectively. The RSM optimization results indicated that the ideal conditions for the extraction parameters were as follows: Extraction temperature of 40 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:60, extraction time of 40 minutes, ultrasonic power of 350 W, ethanol concentration of 50% (V/V), under one-time extraction. For the optimal conditions, the selenium extraction rate was 36.65%±0.65%. The DPPH antioxidant activity analysis showed a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.048 mg/mL (with a Se concentration of 0.79 μg/mL), the hydroxyl radical scavenging analysis showed that the maximum clearance rate was 97% when the extracts concentration was 8 mg/mL, and the IC50 was 0.56 mg/mL. The reducing power analysis showed that the reducing power of the extracts increases with the increase of the concentration, indicating that the extracts possess a good antioxidant capacity. The present study would provide empirical evidence to support the efficient use of selenium-rich Hibiscus manihot L. and the extraction of selenium-rich agricultural by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prepare different types of lutein nanostructured lipid carriers (LNLs) using chitosan (CS), chitosan-epigallocatechin gallate covalent (C-CS-EGCG), and chitosan-epigallocatechin gallate ester non-covalent (Non-C-CS-EGCG) modifications combined with high-pressure microfluidization. A simulated colonic digestion model was established to investigate the stability and interaction with gut microbiota of these modified lutein nanostructured lipid carriers. Results showed that after 24 hours of simulated in vitro colonic fermentation, the lutein content in CS-LNLs significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to other treatment groups. Except for lutein and CS-LNLs, the total sugar content in the fermentation supernatant significantly decreased (P<0.05) in other treatment groups, while the total polyphenol content in C-CS-EGCG-LNLs and Non-C-CS-EGCG-LNLs showed an opposite trend. After 24 hours of fermentation, the production of acetic acid and propionic acid significantly increased (P<0.05) in all treatment groups except the LUT group, with the acetic acid concentration reaching 17.18±0.60 mmol/L in the C-CS-EGCG-LNLs group. The lactic acid concentration reached 2.87±0.05 mmol/L, significantly higher (P<0.05) than the blank control group (BLK) by 7.55 times. The three different types of modified lutein nanostructured lipid carriers had a significant impact on the gut microbiota structure. The relative abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium significantly increased (P<0.05) in CS-LNLs, C-CS-EGCG- LNLs, and Non-C-CS-EGCG-LNLs, while C-CS-EGCG-LNLs enriched more Veillonella. Conclusion: Compared to other modification groups, C-CS-EGCG-LNLs had significant intestinal microbial structural differentiation in the colon digestive phase of nanoliposomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open source plays a positive role in terms of innovation iteration, ecological expansion, and international development. Nevertheless, when trying to open source scientific research achievements, or to participate in the construction of open-source communities, public scientific research institutions encounter open source related problems such as losses of state-owned assets, disposal of intellectual property right, legal risks prevention and control, etc. The authors put forward proposals from the following aspects: donation of open source projects, selection of open source license, and construction of open source Patent Pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-amino-4, 6-dichloro-1,3, 5-triazine (ADCT), with its triazine ring structure, was introduced into methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG), and MPEG with a triazine ring structure (ADMT) was prepared by grafting the -OH of MPEG at the position 4 and 6 of the triazine ring. ADMT was loaded onto the carrier material, graphene oxide (GO), to obtain the form-stable phase change material (FSPCM). FSPCM was blended with polypropylene (PP) using a twin-screw extruder. PP/FSPCM blends with mass ratios of 5%, 10% and 15% of FSPCM were prepared. ADMT, FSPCM and PP/ FSPCM blended materials were characterized by using 1H NMR, FT-IR, DSC and hot table test. The results show that the crystallization enthalpy of FSPCM is 96.1 J · g-1, and FSPCM still retains a good form-setting effect at 250 °C. The enthalpy transformation is 9.10 J · g-1 and the enthalpy efficiency is 60.7% when the mass ratio of PP/FSPCM is 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved algorithm based on YOLOv8, YOLOv8-MBRGA, is proposed for the task of detecting garment defects. The BiFPN pyramid is introduced to replace the concatenation in the head layer to transfer semantic information to different feature scales, thus enhancing feature fusion. To accelerate the convergence speed and inference speed of the model, RepVGG network is added to the detection head, which helps to better train the deep network model. Separate convolution is used to replace Conv convolution to reduce the complexity of the network and incorporate the attention mechanism EffectiveSE to enhance the feature extraction and multi-scale information fusion of the model. The experimental results show that the YOLOv8-MBRGA algorithm obtains significant results in garment blemish detection, with an increase of 5.5% in the mean average accuracy, an increase of 11.06% in precision, and a reduction of 30.48% in the computational effort of the model, while the inference speed remains essentially unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) were used as reinforcing fillers in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare high-density polyethylene/silicon carbide whiskers (HDPE/SiCw) composites. By characterizing and analyzing the thermal conductivity, Vicat softening temperature, thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE/SiCw composites, the influence of SiCw content on the mechanical and thermal conductivity of HDPE composites is explored. The results showed that with the increase of SiCw content, the thermal conductivity of HDPE composites continued to increase, and the melting temperature Tm and enthalpy ΔH both continued to increase. The thermal stability of HDPE composites has been effectively improved. At the same time, the Vicat softening temperature of HDPE composites shows a trend of first increasing and then slightly decreasing. The elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture strength of HDPE composites all show a trend of first increasing and then fluctuating or stable changes, while the elongation at break shows a decreasing trend. When the SiCw content is 30%, the thermal conductivity of HDPE/SiCw composites is 0.85 W/(m⋅K), the melting temperature Tm and enthalpy ΔH were 144.12 °C and 162.1 J/g, respectively. The elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture strength of HDPE composites were 1 301.0, 36.5, 22.4 MPa, respectively, increased by 47.51%, 36.70%, 57.75%, respectively compared with pure HDPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlled low strength material (CLSM) was prepared by mixing sandy soil and fine aggregate from construction waste, and the variation rules of fluidity, bleeding rate, setting time and compressive strength of CLSM were investigated under different mass ratios of sandy soil and fine aggregate from construction waste. The physical composition and micro-morphology of CLSM were investigated by XRD and SEM. The results show that with the decrease of the mass ratio of sandy soil and construction waste fine aggregate, the bleeding rate and fluidity of CLSM decrease, the setting time shortens, and the compressive strength increases. The problem of high bleeding rate was solved by mixing sandy soil with fine aggregate of construction waste, and when the mass ratio of the two was 1:1, the fluidity, bleeding rate, setting time and compressive strength were in line with the requirements of municipal pipeline backfill construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular weight, surface tension, and the particle size distribution of micellar aggregates of a polyetherpolyacrylate polymeric surfactant, HS-PA, were characterized on gel permeation chromatograph, surface tension meter, and laser particle size analyzer, respectively. The thickening properties, detergency, liquid crystal morphology, suspension properties, and rheological behaviors of HS-PA in unstructured/structured detergents with LAS/AES/AEO9 as the main surfactants, respectively, were also investigated. The characterization results showed that, the weight-average molecular weight of HS-PA was 4 244, the critical micelle concentration was 3x10-7 mol/L, and the equilibrium surface tension was 42.06 mN/m; the average particle size of aggregates was increased when LAS, AES and AEO9 formed mixed micelles with HS-PA, respectively. The application test in unstructured detergents showed that, HS-PA had viscosityenhancing effects on all the LAS/AES/AEO9-based systems, and meanwhile it was beneficial to the improvement of the detergency to sebum. The application test in structured detergents showed that, HS-PA would help the formation of lamellar liquid crystals in the LAS/AES/AEO9 systems, and the more HS-PA used, the more the liquid crystals in the AES system; the centrifugal separation results showed that the structured detergents containing HS-PA had the ability to stabilize the suspension of microcapsules; HS-PA could increase the yield stress of the LAS formulation system as determined by rotational rheometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose] To enable conflict avoidance operation planning for support vehicles in complex environments, a dynamic priority classification method is proposed. [Method] This method prioritizes conflict avoidance based on levels of operation efficiency and risk. Additionally, a conflict avoidance operation planning model were established, along with a two-stage algorithm for global path optimization. A low time complexity conflict detection method was also proposed to ensure accuracy in solving large-scale complex problems quickly. [Result] Compared to the fixed-priority-based two-stage algorithm, the proposed approach improves conflict point reduction by 7.6% and reduces the vehicle-aircraft conflict ratio by 7.5%. [Conclusion] The proposed method meets the requirements of ensuring differentiated vehicle operation, and realizes the function of conflict avoidance path planning in a mixed operation environment of vehicles and aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral imidazolidin-2-ones are a kind of important N-heterocycles in bioactive molecules and can be converted to valuable chiral vicinal diamines. It is of great significance to develop catalytic asymmetric transformations for the synthesis of chiral N -heterocycles which play a significant role in drug development. Herein, an asymmetric intramolecular C(sp³)--H amination of N-benzoyloxyurea via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is developed by using earth-abundant iron as the catalyst and chiral amino-acid derived phenanthroline as ligand, affording a series of chiral imidazolidinones in moderate-to-good yields (up to 68%) and enantiomeric ratios (up to 81:19). It is worth noting that this is one of the very few examples of iron-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular C(sp³)--H aminations realized with a nonenzymatic catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The northern Daxinganling Mountains is an important part of Daxinganling metallogenic belt, where copper is the main mineral, dominated by porphyry type, large in scale, with great economic value and scientific research significance. Based on the systematic summary of regional geological background and mineralization process of copper deposits in different ages in northern Daxinganling Mountains, the paper summarizes the new exploration results in the area in recent years, and points out that the western margin of Ergun block, southeastern margin of Xing'an block, and suture zone of the two blocks are important for copper deposit prospecting. Attention should be also paid nearby the existing deposits and blind orebodies in the deep for the exploration of copper deposits in northern Daxinganling Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of jet pressure and the number of cycles on the construction of crayfish oleogel and the prepared oleogel replaced the animal fat in the composite lobster sausage with different additive ratios.Results showed that with the increase of jet pressure from 40 MPa to 160 MPa, the emulsion particle size and oil loss rate of the oil gel gradually decreased, the absolute value of potential and the hardness of the oil gel increased, and there was no significant difference between the indicators of the jet pressure of 120 MPa and 160 MPa.With the increase of the number of cycles from 1 to 7, the emulsion particle size and oil loss rate of the oil gel showed a tendency to decrease and then increase, and the absolute value of potential and hardness of the oil gel showed a tendency to increase and then decrease.The best results for each index were obtained at 5 cycles, with an oil gel hardness of (13.38±0.48) N and an oil loss rate of 6.30%.The gel strength, water retention, cooking loss, texture, color, dynamic rheological properties, and sensory quality of compound crayfish sausage were measured and the effects of four different ratios of crayfish oil gel replacing animal fat on the quality of compound crayfish sausage were compared.Results showed that when the replacement ratio was 25%, the indicators and the control group were not significantly different, it was suitable to be used as a substitute for animal fat in compound crayfish sausage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the challenges of diminishing scale and declining quality in youth sports talent at grassroots sports schools in China, this study takes the sports school reform in Jingshan City as a case study. It delves into the essential requirements for cultivating youth sports talent and identifies key elements for the tranAformation and development of grassroots sports schools. It aims to uncover the genuine obstacles hindering their progress and systematically explore practical strategies and underlying principles for promoting their transformation at the district level. The study also contends that advanc.ing the transformation of grassroots sports schools necessitates integrating various dimensions such as management philosophy, cultivation objectives, resource allocation, and operational mechanisms. This integration is aimed at establishing a new model emphasizing excellence in both sports ancl culture, c.reating a fresh system for identifying and nurturing talent reserves, optimizing resource allocation pathways for school operations, and invigorating talent reserve cultivation efforts. The core theoretical framework guiding this study revolves around constructing a regulatory framework for transforming grassroots sports schools with stringent laws while employing flexible governance methods to enhance their environment. Additionally, it emphasizes establishing efficient cultivation mechanisms to ensure smooth talent development processes. These three drivers are envisioned to propel high-quality transformation and development within China' s grassroots sports schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to improve the flame retardancy of EPS insulation materials, different volume ratios of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) were added to EPS and its properties were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of EPS insulation materials gradually increase with the increase of MOC volume ratio. As the volume ratio of MOC increases, the dry density and thermal conductivity of EPS insulation materials continue to increase, indicating a continuous decrease in insulation performance. The limited oxygen index (LOI) of pure EPS is only 18.1%. As the MOC volume ratio increases, the LOI of EPS insulation material gradually increases and combustion becomes more difficult, significantly improving its flame retardancy. When the MOC volume ratio is 9%, EPS insulation material can self extinguish in a short period of time. As the volume ratio of MOC increases, the combustion performance level of EPS insulation materials gradually increases from flammable B3 level to non flammable A2 level. Based on the requirements for the performance of EPS insulation materials in JG/T 536--2017, when the volume ratio of MOC is 9%, the comprehensive performance of EPS insulation materials is optimal. At this time, the compressive strength and tensile strength of EPS insulation materials are 0.256 MPa and 0.198 MPa, respectively, with a dry density of 149 kg/m³, a thermal conductivity of 0.055 3 W/(m·K), and a flame retardant grade of A2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: For the task of moving target search and strike in a complicated urban environment, the single-domain unmanned platform is limited by its field of vision and movement capability, which is easy to cause problems of the target omission and the low task completion rate. To solve these problems, an air-ground cooperative autonomous task allocation method for dynamic target search and strike is proposed. It aims to improve the efficiency of task execution and regional coverage of air-ground unmanned systems by combining the characteristics of the wide field of vision of unmanned aerial vehicles and the strong mobility of unmanned ground vehicles. For unknown moving targets, a target search model based on digital pheromones is proposed, which takes platform cooperation income and regional coverage as optimization metrics to ensure that all targets in the region can be found in the shortest possible time period. In addition, for the dynamic arrival strike task, a task allocation model based on feasible path planning is proposed, which takes the platform energy consumption and task completion time as the objective function to ensure the task completion rate and improve the resource utilization of the air-ground cooperative system. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can find all targets in the shortest time. The regional coverage rate can reach more than 55%. And the resource utilization rate is 84. 4%. Experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent capabilities for target search and task execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinmai26(XM) with weak resistance to late spring coldness. 4°C(T1) and -4°C(T2) low temperature stress treatment were carried out in intelligent ultra-low temperature incubator during the anther differentiation period of young wheat spike differentiation, and 15°C was used as control group(CK). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the bacterial community in wheat rhizosphere soil, and to analyze the effects of late spring coldness during the anther differentiation period on the diversity and community structures of wheat rhizosphere bacteria. The results showed that: (1) late spring coldness decreased the ACE index of bacteria in rhizosphere soil of the two wheat varieties, and the ACE index of the variety XM with weak resistance to late spring coldness was significantly affected (P<0.05). (2) The bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of the two wheat varieties were mainly composed of 33 phyla and 819 genera, including Proteobacteria(53.20%-57.55%), Actinobacteria (13.34%-21.69%), Bacteroidetes(10.56%-12.37%), Gemmatimonadetes(6.17%-9.19%). The relative abundance of various bacterial phyla showed differences among different degrees of late spring coldness treatment. Late spring coldness increased the relative abundance of Actinobacte by 9.79%-19.11% in YN, and decreased by 26.43% -38.47% in XM. (3) Function prediction analysis indicated that that late spring coldness during the anther differentiation period increased the gene abundance of membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, replication and repair in YN rhizosphere soil, and decreased their gene abundances in XM rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, late spring coldness during the anther differentiation period reduced the richness of the bacterial community in the wheat rhizosphere soil, changed the bacterial community structure, and affected the membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and replication and repair functions of the bacterial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the influence of chitosan particles loaded with sodium sulfate on the structure and properties of the gelatin films by using gelatin as the film-forming matrix and adding chitosan particles loaded with sodium sulfate to prepare composite gelatin films. The thickness, hydration properties, barrier properties, mechanical properties, optical properties, thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the gelatin films were measured, and its structure was characterized. The results showed that the addition of chitosan particles loaded with sodium sulfate significantly decreased the thickness (P<0.05), significantly increased the swelling rate (P<0.05), decreased the dissolution rate from 79.41% to 18.21%, increased the tensile strength from 79.10 MPa to 128.96 MPa, increased the opacity from 3.75 to 6.77, improved the thermal stability, and increased the DPPH radical scavenging capacity from 14.41% to 65.05% of the gelatin films. However, there were no significant changes in the water vapor permeability and elongation at break of the gelatin films. In addition, there was a high compatibility between chitosan particles loaded with sodium sulfate and gelatin molecules, and the addition of chitosan particles loaded with sodium sulfate changed the structure of gelatin films. In conclusion, the incorporation of chitosan particles loaded with sodium sulfate can change the structure of gelatin films to some extent and improve the properties of gelatin films. This study provides theoretical guidance and data reference for the preparation and application of antioxidant composite gelatin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]