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In this paper, a double-barrier structure AlGaN-InGaN/ GaN MQWs-AlGaN solar cell materials containing high indium components was grown on (001)-oriented patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technology. Compared with the MQWs solar cell material containing AlGaN electron barrier structure with low indium, it is found that the material of this structure has a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM) by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis, and the dislocation density of this structural material is also reduced by an order of magnitude to 107 cm-2 by the dislocation density formula; at the same time, the strain relaxation in the active region decreases by 51%. In addition, luminous intensity of this structural material is enhanced by 35%. The results show that the epitaxial material containing AlGaN double barrier structure can reduce the dislocation density in the active region, decrease the number of non-radiative recombination centers, and increase the number of effective photo-generated carriers in the active region, which provides experimental basis for the preparation of high efficiency solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on conventional observational data and the hourly black body temperature (TBB) data from FY-2G satellite, a warm-sector heavy rainfall process under strong low-level southwest jet, which failed to be predicted in practice, is numerically simulated and diagnosed using the WRF mesoscale numerical model. The process occurred over Nanling Mountains (the border of Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong) on May 5, 2016 (referred to as 16 · 5 process). The effects of special topography of Nanling Mountains on the dynamic structure, water vapor transport and cloud and precipitation microphysical mechanism of 16 · 5 process are studied. The results show that due to the blocking of mountain terrains, lateral friction and canyon effects in the Nanling Mountains, strong convergence areas repeatedly appear in the middle and lower levels of the southwest airflow, causing continuous occurrences of super-strong water- vapor convergence centers and leading to heavy rainfalls in the warm sector at the border of Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong. Under the dynamic and water-vapor conditions caused by the special topography of Nanling Mountains and the environment conducive to the development of cloud microphysical processes, the strong development of local convective cloud system is combined with the deep high-level ice cloud system guided by large-scale southwest jet. Thus, the super-cold water in the cloud rises under the action of strong updraft. Abundant super-cold water is conducive to the process of Bergeron, the rime formation process, and the growing of solid particles in the cloud, which is an important internal cause of the occurrence of the 16·5 process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using identity functional theory (DFT), optical properties of Cu-X(X=F, Ci, Br, I) co-doped anatase-TiO2 were investigated. The results reveal that Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped anatase TiO2 structures were easy to be formed because of the negative formation energies. Cu-X(X = F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped TiO2 reduced the band gap on the one hand, and on the other hand, the 3d state of Cu and the p-state electron of a halogen element formed a hybrid state in the forbidden band, which was beneficial to visible light, and prevented the re- combination of photogenerated corners and holes. Finally, Cu-X(X=F, Cl, Br, I) co-doped TiO2 led to red shift of the dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, refractive index and photoconductivity, which was beneficial to absorb visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically evaluate the relationship between saxagliptin and risk of cardiac failure in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: All the related literature was retrieved from the databases such as China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data Digitalization Journals, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed and Cochrane library from the inception to December 2017. The randomized controlled trails (RCTs) about cardiac failure induced by saxagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients were collected, the data was screened and the quality of the included RCTs was assessed. Then, meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 11 RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that saxagliptin caused higher risk of cardiac failure than that in the control group (RR=1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.42, P=0.03). Further research revealed that 5 mg/d saxagliptin monotherapy or combined therapy also induced higher risk of car-diac failure than that in the control group [RR=1.24, 95% CI (1.05, 1.46), P=0.01]. However, 2.5 or 10 mg/d saxagliptin, regardless of monotherapy or combined therapy, had similar risk of cardiac failure as the control group [2.5 mg/d saxagliptin RR=0.69, 95% CI (0.31, 1.55), P=0.37; 10 mg/d saxagliptin RR=0.18, 95% CI (0.02, 1.67), P=0.13]. Conclusion: Saxagliptin at a dose of 5 mg/d may increase risk of cardiac failure, while other doses of saxagliptin are not correlated with the increased risk of cardiac failure. However, its long-term safety still remans to be confirmed by more high-quality, large-sample RCTs with long-term follow-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of complex calculation and low real-time performance when using binocular vision ranging for UAV real-time line patrol, a binocular vision ranging scheme combining improved SIFT algorithm was proposed. A binocular vision model similar to monocular vision was adopted to reduce computation variables, the traditional SIFT algorithm was improved by reducing the number of scale spaces, reducing the dimension of feature vectors, and replacing the Euclidean distance with the block distance, so as to improve the matching efficiency of the uniform feature points of two images taken simultaneously by two cameras. The results showed that the matching time was reduced by 32% and the maximum error rate was reduced to 3. 75%. The method could meet the accuracy requirements of UAV fast real-time line patrol ranging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a novel approach to solve the specification and verification issues towards SQL operations. Firstly, it formally defined the SQL operations in FTLS. Then, it gave the definitions of the simple SQL operations and proposed a method to verify them. Finally, this work transformed the verification of the SQL operations in FTLS to the verification of the component simple SQL operations. The process of verification shows that the approach makes a comprehensive specification of SQL operations and simplifies the verification procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the spray weight could not be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet during the manufacturing process of heat-not-burn tobacco product in real time, a flavoring system was designed based on incremental PID algorithm. The flavoring system was composed of weighing unit, screw pumps, nozzles, and flow sensors. The weight of the tobacco sheet roll was obtained through the weighing unit in real time, then the spray weight was calculated according to the theoretical calculation model, and the screw pumps were driven to output target flow to the nozzles based on incremental PID algorithm, the real-time spray weight was got from the flow sensors, and at last tobacco flavor was sprayed on the tobacco sheet. The results showed that the spray weight could be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet in real time, the maximum overshoot of the flavoring system was 1%, and the maximum adjustment time was 1.8 s, the system had good tracking performance. The deviation ratio of the spray weight was 0 23%~0. 52% between the detection value and the theoretical value, the variation of the spray weight within samples was 3.11%~4.17%. It showed that the flavoring system could realize accurate, uniform and stable application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem that the spray weight could not be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet during the manufacturing process of heat-not-burn tobacco product in real time, a flavoring system was designed based on incremental PID algorithm. The flavoring system was composed of weighing unit, screw pumps, nozzles, and flow sensors. The weight of the tobacco sheet roll was obtained through the weighing unit in real time, then the spray weight was calculated according to the theoretical calculation model, and the screw pumps were driven to output target flow to the nozzles based on incremental PID algorithm, the real-time spray weight was got from the flow sensors, and at last tobacco flavor was sprayed on the tobacco sheet. The results showed that the spray weight could be adjusted and controlled according to the weight change of the tobacco sheet in real time, the maximum overshoot of the flavoring system was 1%, and the maximum adjustment time was 1.8 s, the system had good tracking performance. The deviation ratio of the spray weight was 0.23%~0.52% between the detection value and the theoretical value, the variation of the spray weight within samples was 3.11%~4.17%. It showed that the flavoring system could realize accurate, uniform and stable application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the effects of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction on factors related to bone destruction and bone protection in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) based on osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-?B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-?B (RANK) signaling pathway. Methods According to the body weight, 60 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: the normal group, the model group, the Triperygium wilfordii multiglucoside group (0.01 g/kg), the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-dose group (8.6 g/kg), the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction medium-dose group (17.2 g/kg), and the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction high-dose group (34.4 g/kg) (n=10 rats per group). The rats in all groups except for the normal group were given 100 µg bovine type II collagen on the 1st and 8th days to establish the CIA model, and was injected into the left foot sole and tail root of the rats. After the successful modeling, the rats were treated by gavage for 4 weeks. The general state, body weight, and arthritis index (AI) score of rats were recorded, and the contents of RANKL and OPG in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL, RANK, and OPG in the ankle joint were determined through real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Compared with the normal group, the general state of the model group was poor, the toe swelling was obvious, the AI score was increased, the serum RANKL content was increased, the serum OPG content was decreased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the degree of toe swelling and the AI score of rats in the Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were decreased, the serum RANKL content was decreased, the serum OPG content was increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL and RANK in the ankle joint were decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG were increased, and the RANKL/OPG ratio of the ankle joint was decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction can improve the destruction of joint bone in CIA rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to reducing RANKL level, reducing RANKL/OPG ratio, and regulating bone balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of tomatidine (TA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nerve cell injury and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The neuroinflammation model was induced by treating SH-SY5Y cells with LPS. These cells were divided into control (CON), LPS, and LPS+TA groups. The LPS group was treated with 5 μg/mL LPS for 24 h to establish an inflammatory model. The LPS+TA group was first treated with 5 μmol/L tomatidine for 24 h and then co-cultured with 5 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) and interleukin-1β (IL-βp). The protein expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB), p-TFEB, P62, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) expression was detected through Western blot. TFEB localization and cleaved caspase-3 expression were detected through immunofluorescence. The cell apoptosis rate was detected through flow cytometry. RESULTS: (1) Compared with the CON group, the LPS group exhibited significant increases in IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels (P< 0.05, the cell apoptosis rate, and the p-TFEB level (P<0.01). By contrast, P62, LC3-II/LC3-I, and TFEB protein ex-pression levels decreased significantly (P<0.05), and TFEB was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. (2) Compared with the LPS group, tomatidine treatment significantly decreased the p-TFEB protein expression level (P<0.01), increased the TFEB protein expression level (P<0.01), and promoted the TFEB protein to migrate into the nucleus. After treatment of tomatidine, the LC3-II/LC3-I protein expression level significantly increased (P<0.05),and the cell apoptosis rate significantly decreased (P<0.01). In addition, the TNF-α mRNA level significantly decreased after tomatidine treatment (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: Tomatidine improves autophagy dysfunction, inflammatory reaction, and cell apoptosis induced by LPS via activating the transcription factor EB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many controversies regarding Jue Yin disease in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The author found that it is reasonable to understand Jue Yin disease from two perspectives; a deficiency of bodily fluids, and the advance and retreat of Yin and Yang based on an understanding of Huangdi Neijing and modern scholars on Jue Yin disease, the meaning of the internal meridian, and the research result of modern medicine on Jue Yin disease. If Jue Yin disease is regarded as the state of Yin and Yang advancing and retreating based on deficiencies of bodily fluids, then article 326 and the Wumei pill can be regarded as the outline syndrome and main prescription of Jue Yin disease, respectively. The progression and withdrawal of Yin and Yang and the associated fluctuation of bodily fluids make Jue Yin disease dy-namic and multiphasic. The essence of Jue Yin disease is determined by the characteristics of bodily fluids and the Yang Qi. Instead of focusing on the disease location or the combination of cold and heat, whether the Yang Qi advances or retreats and the coordination of the bodily fluid state should be focused on as the internal cause of the transfer of Jue Yin disease to Yin and Yang, or the occurrence of heat, cold and the sell-healing syndrome. Although Yin and Yang are all-inclusive, the state of bodily fluids has many meanings; there is a significant deficiency of bodily fluids in Jue Yin disease. As such, by emphasizing the state of bodily fluids and the characteristics of Yin and Yang, Jue Yin disease can be better explained and gains a certain clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to fully recover the downhill regenerative braking energy of vehicles and maintain battery cycle life, and based on the analysis on the global optimal control strategy of regenerative braking energy of vehicles in cruising downhill, a model predictive control strategy of regenerative braking model for hybrid electric vehicle cruising downhill is proposed with maximizing regenerative braking energy and minimizing battery temperature rising rate as bi-objectives. The results of cruising downhill simulation at different slope lengths and gradients show that the model predictive control strategy achieves good control effects in terms of recovery rate of braking energy and the temperature rise and charging rate of battery, with higher computing efficiency, meeting the requirements of real-time control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) is a non-thermal processing technology, which affects microorganisms and enzymes through molecular effects of CO2 under pressures below 50 MPa and 60°C. DPCD has had less of a significant effect on the quality of food and has been applied to the process of meats, vegetables, seeds and food powders, fruits, spices and herbs, and fish. Currently, most of research are more focused on microorganisms and enzymes that are inactivated by DPCD. However, some research indicated that DPCD has an effect on the quality of meat and its products, mainly related to muscle pH value, color, water holding capacity, texture, etc. The nutritional composition of meat and its products also has a decisive effect on their qualities. Water is the highest content in meat and its products composition. Water can directly affect color, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and the processing characteristics of meat and its products. Water content and its distribution showed dynamic changes in the processing and storage of meat and its products, which is an important factor in determining quality and shelf life. Litopenaeus vannamei is a favorite of consumers in aquatic products due to tender meat and high nutritional value. In our previous study, Litopenaeus vannamei was treated for sterilization and inactivation of polyphenol oxidase by DPCD. In order to further investigate the effect of DPCD on shrimp muscle quality, peeled shrimp were used as the studied object. The effects of temperature (35-55°C), pressure (5-25 MPa), and time (10-60 min) on nutritious components and water molecules of shrimp muscle were studied. The results showed as follows: when using the untreated peeled shrimp, the content of nutritious components (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash), especially fat, significantly decreased (P<0.05) after DPCD treatment. With the increasing of DPCD treatment intensity, fat was extracted and water was dried out by DPCD. Partially ionized minerals and small molecular compounds containing nitrogen (e.g. free amino acids) were carried out with CO2 in the unloading process. While using the untreated peeled shrimp, the contents of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the content of insoluble protein increased significantly (P<0.05) with exposure to time, temperature, and pressure when DPCD was increasing. The reason for that was myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein were denatured and transformed to insoluble protein by DPCD. The results of low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) showed that peeled shrimp contained four kinds of water molecules with different mobility. With exposure to time, temperature, and pressure when DPCD was increasing, the degree of freedom of bound water increased while the degree of freedom of immobilized water and free water decreased. Nonetheless, the content of bound water and free water increased significantly (P<0.05) while the content of immobilized water decreased significantly (P<0.05), when the peeled shrimp was treated for 30 min at 15 MPa and 55°C of DPCD. Microorganism and PPO from Litopenaeus vannamei were inactivated, but the content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash decreased by 7%°、 C3%°C、 25%, and 11%, respectively. Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein were denatured, and the free water ratio increased significantly (P<0.05). The research results will provide a reference for the application of DPCD in shrimp processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional heat dissipation model is built for the lithium-ion battery pack in an electric vehicle. Both simulation and test are conducted on the temperature field of lithium-ion battery pack in a condition of cruise driving and natural air cooling with a result showing their consistency in temperature variation trend, meaning the rationality of the model built. On this basis an optimization scheme for the heat dissipation structure of lithium-ion battery pack is proposed and a simulation is performed. The results indicate that after optimization, lithium-ion battery pack has a good cooling effects: the highest temperature of battery pack lowers from 46°C to 33°C and the temperature difference among the batteries is less than 6°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the difference of content and expression of protamine (TNBP) in the severe teratozoospermia patients and provide the theoretical basis. Methods It was extracted TNBP of semen protamine from 23 severe teratozoospermia patients(the severe teratozoospermia group) and 37 healthy men(the control group) from Feruary 2013 to May 2014 with polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis and then confirm the relative content of proein bands scanned by micro imaging density measuring instrument under the cataphoresis in the polyacrylamide hydrogel. Results The value of TH/TP, TNBP1/TNBP2, TP/TNBP2 in the evere teratozoospermia group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in TNBP1/TP value (P>0.05). Thesperm density was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Both the sperm survival rate and the precession movement rate showed no significant difference with the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion The abnormity of TNBP1/TNBP2,TP/TNBP2 in the relative content of TNBP is one of the reasons leading to severe teratozoospermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]