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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of steaming time on the lipid oxidation and flavor of sturgeon dorsal meat were investigated. The study characterized the degree of lipid oxidation using peroxide value, acid value, malondialdehyde, and conjugated dienes. The effects of changes in fatty acid on volatile compounds and nutritional quality were examined and lipid profile was identified in a non-targeted metabolomics approach. Finally, an oxidation model was established to explore the specific effects of phospholipids on flavor formation. Results showed that the steaming sturgeon dorsal meat for 16 minutes resulted in moderate levels of lipid oxidation, which was conducive to the formation of characteristic flavors and high nutritional value due to the presence of abundant unsaturated fatty acids. The main unsaturated fatty acids found in association with phospholipids were linoleic acid (C18:2), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidonic acid (C20:4), while the phospholipids were the primary precursors of volatile flavor compounds. Simulation of steaming conditions showed that the oxidation of phospholipids produced a large amount of pyrazine and furan compounds, providing roasted aromas for sturgeon dorsal meat steamed. In conclusion, moderate levels of lipid oxidation were beneficial for enhancing the flavor and nutritional quality of steamed sturgeon dorsal meat, and phospholipid oxidation had a significant impact on the formation of flavor. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the flavor of sturgeon meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease in the elderly, with an increasing incidence rate, easy rupture, high mortality, and no effective drugs to slow down the development of AAA. The pathogenesis of AAA is closely related to extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation. It has been found that arachidonic acid derivatives, especially prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and thromboxane A2(TXA2), play important roles in the development of AAA. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanism of arachidonic acid derivatives in the development of AAA, as well as the latest research progress of the drugs, to provide ideas for the treatment of AAA and the discovery of new drug targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）具有广泛的生理活性，是一种重要的脂质介质。为了实现PGF2α的绿色生物合成，构建了pET30a-TbPGFS、pET30a-MmPGHS、pET30a-GvPGHS载体并在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中分别表达，同时对异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达条件进行了优化以提高重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达量。另外，以最佳诱导表达条件下得到的重组蛋白为催化剂，催化花生四烯酸合成PGF2α。结果表明：MmPGHS蛋白在大肠杆菌中没有表达；GvPGHS蛋白的最佳诱导表达条件为诱导剂IPTG浓度0.2 mmol/L、诱导温度30 ℃、诱导时间2 h，TbPGFS蛋白的最佳诱导表达条件为诱导剂IPTG浓度0.2 mmol/L、诱导温度30 ℃、诱导时间6 h；在最佳诱导表达条件下，由GvPGHS和TbPGFS的粗酶液构成的双酶催化未能检测到产物PGF2α，而在酶偶联化学催化时，GvPGHS能将花生四烯酸转化为PGH2，PGH2被SnCl2进一步还原为PGF2α。综上，通过体外酶促反应结合化学法可高效转化花生四烯酸生产PGF2α。As the important lipid mediators, prostaglandin F2α（PGF2α）performs a wide range of physiological activities. To achieve the green biosynthesis of PGF2α, pET30a-TbPGFS, pET30a-MmPGHS and pET30a-GvPGHS vectors were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), respectively, and the induction expression conditions of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) were optimized to improve the expression of the recombinant protein in E.coli. In addition, the recombinant protein obtained under the optimal conditions were used as a catalyst to catalyze the synthesis of PGF2α from arachidonic acid. The results showed that MmPGHS protein was not expressed in E. coli. However, GvPGHS protein performed the optimized expression under the conditions of IPTG concentration 0.2 mmol/L, induction temperature 30 ℃ and induction time 2 h, the TbPGFS protein performed the optimized expression under the conditions of IPTG concentration 0.2 mmol/L, induction temperature 30 ℃ and induction time 6 h. Under the above optimized conditions, PGF2α was not detected by the two-enzyme coupled catalysis system composed of crude extract of GvPGHS and TbPGFS. However, arachidonic acid was converted into PGH2 by GvPGHS, which was further reduced to PGF2α by SnCl2 under the enzyme-coupled chemical catalysis. In conclusion, In vitro enzymatic reaction combined with chemical method can efficiently convert arachidonic acid to produce PGF2α.

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To reveal the oxidation mechanisms and transformation products of HOCl reacting with unsaturated fatty acids. Methods: Gaussian 16 software package was used, in which density functional method M06-2X (D3) in conjunction with 6-31+G (d) basis set along with implicit SMD solvent model were selected. Results: In the oxidation reaction of HOCl with oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, chloronium ion intermediate was initially generated, and then it reacted with water molecule to yield chlorohydrin. Conclusion: The initial chloronium ion intermediate formation was the rate-limiting step with the activation free energy of ~8 kcal/mol. Epoxide and truncated aldehyde were two transformation products. The former was produced from dehydrochlorination of chlorohydrins, while the latter was yielded from epoxide and chlorohydrin through a series of reactions with hypochlorite. Their activation free energies of the rate-limiting steps were ~23 and 24 kcal/mol, respectively. Ethylene substituted with two ethyl groups was selected as the oleic acid model, and its activation free energy in reacting with HOCl was higher than that of oleic acid by only 1 kcal/mol. The activation free energies of HOCl reacting with linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 LCA, catalpic acid, and arachidonic acid models to generate chlorohydrin were ~10, 13, 16, and 14 kcal/mol, respectively. The chloronium ion intermediate formation is the main mechanism in the oxidation reaction of HOCl and unsaturated fat acid and the activation free energy is generally lower than 15 kcal/mol, which indicates that this oxidation reaction is kinetically feasible to occur. The oxidation product chlorohydrin can transform into epoxide and truncated aldehyde, but the activation free energies are relatively high with the values of ~23 and 24 kcal/mol, respectively. The structure within 3 carbon atoms from the double bond in the unsaturated fat acid can be selected as the model, which can well reflect the reaction activity of unsaturated fat acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on fatty acid metabolism of sika deer antler, so as to provide basis for the application of CLA in sika deer production. Sixteen 1-year-old male sika deer with similar body weight of (40.25±2.38) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 deer in each group. Deer in the control group (G0 group) were fed a basal diet, and others in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.25% (G1 group), 0.50% (G2 group) and 1.00% (G3 group) CLA, respectively. The metabolism of fatty acids in velvet antler was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 35 kinds of fatty acids were detected after adding CLA, which was more than that of other scholars; CLA supplementation could increase the content of most fatty acids in antler, among which the contents of palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, trans oleic acid, linoleic acid, trans linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid and arachidonic acid increased significantly (P< 0.05). The proportion of PUFA and SFA in antler for 0.50% CLA was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the proportion of MUFA in this group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The deposition of PUFA in deer antler has a positive effect to the quality of deer antler. The effect was most pronounced when the CLA was added at 0.50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Chronic myofascial trigger points can identify differential metabolite changes through non targeted metabolomics techniques, helping to understand and further explore the pathophysiological processes and pathogenesis of chronic myofascial trigger points from the perspective of endogenous small molecule metabolites. OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways based on urine metabolomics in the rat model of chronic myofascial trigger points. METHODS: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a model group and a normal group. The model group was used to establish a chronic myofascial trigger point animal model by combining blunt hitting with centrifugal exercise (treadmill slope: -16°, running speed: 16 m/min, training time: 90 minutes each), once a week for 8 continuous weeks, with 4 weeks off. After 12 weeks of modeling, the metabolic cage method was used to collect urine from rats at 24 hours after modeling. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry non-targeted metabolomics technology was used to detect metabolic profiles in the urine samples, screen common differential metabolites, and conduct bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal group, there were 32 differential metabolic markers in the model group, of which 21 were upregulated and 11 were downregulated. A total of 14 differential metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers based on the value of variable important in projection greater than 3. The enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated that the formation of chronic myofascial trigger points is closely related to metabolic pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundThe metabolites and metabolic pathways of hand-arm vibration syndrome have not yet been elucidated. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of local vibration on endogenous metabolites in rat serum by metabolomic analysis, to preliminarily explore the potential metabolic pathway of endogenous metabolites, so as to provide evidence for further research on the mechanism of hand-arm vibration syndrome. MethodsThirty-two SPF male SD rats, (211.3±11.1) g, 7−8 weeks of age, were selected and randomly divided into three groups: control group (14 rats, without vibration), 7 d vibration group (9 rats, continuously vibration for 7 d), and 14 d vibration group (9 rats, continuous vibration for 14 d). The vibration rats were vibrated every day for 4 h, the frequency weighted acceleration was 4.9 m·s−2, the vibration frequency was 125 Hz, and the vibration direction was one-way vertical vibration. The control group had the same conditions except not contacting vibration. After the vibration exposure, the blood samples taken from the abnormal aorta of rats were collected, and the changes of rat serum metabolome were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to explore changes in rat serum metabolic profile, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen out differential metabolites. Combined with online databases, a metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites was performed. ResultsThe PCA analysis showed that compared with the control group, the rat serum metabolic profiles in the 7 d group and the 14 d group were clearly differentiated, and the rat serum metabolic profiles in the 7 d group and the 14 d group partially overlapped. The OPLS-DA analysis showed significant differences between groups. The main parameters were: model interpretation rate R2Y=0.914, model predictive ability Q2=0.58. The OPLS-DA analysis screened out 26 and 119 differential metabolites from the 7 d group and the 14 d group respectively, and there were 24 common differential metabolites between the 7 d group and the 14 d group. The metabolomic pathway analysis showed that local vibration-induced changes in rat serum metabolism were mainly related to arachidonic acid metabolism in the 14 d group, among which the metabolites with significant effects were arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin D2. ConclusionLocal vibration could affect the normal metabolism in rats, and the metabolic pathway with significant influence is arachidonic acid metabolism after a 14 d exposure and the involved metabolites are arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin D2.

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveEstablishment and optimization of arachidonic acid-induced diffuse cerebral thrombosis model in rats.MethodsArachidonic acid was injected into the internal carotid artery to establish a diffuse cerebral thrombosis model in rats, while the sham operation group was set as the control. The model was evaluated by detecting the exudate content of Evans blue (EB) in brain tissue and the pathological damage degree of brain tissue by HE staining.ResultsCompared with the sham operation group, diffuse EB exudation was observed in the injured brain tissue of the model group (P < 0.01), and the exudation was relatively uniform. The HE staining of brain tissue on the side of the injury showed ischemic pathological damage with disorganized cell arrangement, wrinkled nuclei, enlarged cell gaps, increased vacuolated cells, and red striped tubular shape of each individual microvessel. Conclusion Arachidonic acid can successfully induce diffuse cerebral thrombosis model, and the optimized model has better stability and lower mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the metabolic mechanism of Danbei Yifei decoction on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis rats based on lipidomic technology. METHODS: The rat model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin. Serum lipid changes were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbital well mass spectrometry, and differential ions were identified to search for potential biomarkers. RESULTS: Lipidomics and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the abnormal metabolism of the rats with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mainly involved linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, triglyceride metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. ROC curves showed that 11 lipid components were clearly correlated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with the tendency of different degrees of regression after the intervention of Danbei Yilong decoction. CONCLUSIONS: Danbei Yiku decoction may achieve the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by regulating biomarkers and related pathways, providing a reliable basis for lipid metabolism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermentation temperature on the synthesis of ω3/ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs by M. alpina. 【Method】M. alpina was incubated at six fermentation temperatures( 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ℃), and its biomass was measured at the end of fermentation. The composition and contents of fatty acids in hypha were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) to analyze the effect of fermentation temperature on the synthesis of ω3/ω6 PUFAs by M. alpina. 【Result】The biomass of M. alpina showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fermentation temperature, and the highest biomass( 16.07 g/L) was reached at 25 ℃, and almost no growth at 30 ℃ and above. The components and contents of fatty acids were different under different temperature conditions. Two ω-3 PUFAs including octadecatrienoic acid( α-linolenic acid, ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid( EPA), and four ω-6 PUFAs including octadecadienoic acid( linoleic acid, LA), octadecatrienoic acid( γ-linolenic acid, GLA), eicosatrienoic acid( DGLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid( arachidonic acid, ARA) were detected in M. alpina hypha. The yields of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs were both the highest in hypha at 15 ℃, 51.20 mg/L and 273.13 mg/L, respectively. When the temperature was 30 ℃ and above, the yields of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs were suppressed because the fungi hardly grew. 【Conclusion】The fermentation temperature had a significant effect on the biomass and the synthesis of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in M. alpina, and there was a temperature threshold effect, 25 ℃ was the most favorable for the growth of M. alpina, and 15 ℃ was the most favorable for the accumulation of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in hyphae. This study laid the research foundation for the industrial production of ω-3/ω-6 nutritionally balanced dietary oils by M. alpina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to compare the slaughter performance, meat quality, muscle fiber properties and fatty acid content of Guizhou yellow chickens with high and IMF content. Thirty female Guizhou yellow chickens in the same rearing environment were selected and slaughtered at 120 d, and the intramuscular fat content, slaughter performance, meat quality, fatty acid and muscle fiber characteristics of chickens were determined. According to IMF content, they were divided into high IMF group and low IMF group (IMFH group and IMFL group). The results showed that the abdominal fat rate of chickens in IIMFL group was extremely higher than that in IMFH group (P<0.01), and the shear force of pectoral muscle was extremely higher than that in IMFH group (P<0.01). A total of 23 fatty acids were detected in chest muscles of IMFH group and IMFL group. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in IMFL group was significantly higher than that in IMFH group (P<0.05), and the content of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly lower than those in IMFH group (P<0.05), and the amount of arachidonic acid was extremely higher than that in IMFH group (P<0.01). The muscle fiber diameter of the pectoralis muscle in IMFL group was extremely higher than that in IMFH group (P<0.01), and the muscle fiber density was significantly lower than that in IMFH group (P<0.05). The study indicates that Guizhou yellow chicken has high intramuscular fat content, better meat quality, rich saturated fatty acid content, dense muscle fibers, and excellent meat nutrition and taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between arachidonic acid metabolism, PTEN and its downstream pathways in COX-2 overexpressing colorectal cancer. Methods: By using an over-expressed COX-2 of colorectal cancer cell line CT26 and ApcMin/+mouse adenoma model, combined with arachidonic acid, COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 treatment and COX-2 gene knockout intervention, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cell cycle and the generation of reactive oxygen species; trans well and colony formation assay were used to test the migration and proliferation capacity of cells; western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of PTEN and its downstream related proteins. Results: In CT26 colorectal cancer, arachidonic acid is metabolized by COX-2 enzymes to produce reactive oxygen species and inactivate PTEN, thereby activating PI3K-AKT protein to promote cell migration and proliferation, and inhibit apoptosis; while COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 prevents the malignant biological behavior of arachidonic acid in CT26 colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, in the COX-2 gene knockout ApcMin/+ mouse adenomas tissue, NS-398 treatment reduced the level of oxidative stress, increased the expression of PTEN, inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT, further inhibited the growth of adenomas, and improved the survival rate of mice. Conclusion: Arachidonic acid could produce active oxygen to down-regulate PTEN activity and activate PI3K-AKT to promote colorectal cancer growth through COX-2 enzyme; COX-2 inhibitors can indirectly promote PTEN expression and inhibit colorectal cancer growth, and can act as a potential target for CRC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the drought tolerance of Brassica juncea, quality of 150 local varieties of B. juncea was investigated in Yunnan Province. The aboveground and underground parts of the plants were studied under drought stress with different degrees. Results showed that B. juncea was tolerant to drought, and had wide range of quality variations. The variation coefficient of oleic acid and erucic acid was more than 1, and the varieties tested were roughly grouped into 3 categories according to quality characteristics. The medium and severe drought could significantly affect growth of shoot and root system, especially the root system. Under medium drought, drought tolerance had significant positive correlations with oil content and extremely long fatty acids (erucic acid and arachidonic acid), but had significant negative correlation with 5 long-chain fatty acids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid). Under severe drought condition, drought tolerance had no relevance with quality traits. Meanwhile, drought resistance of the same variety was different under different degree of drought. Oil content had extremely significant positive correlation with long chain fatty acids. The oil content was negatively correlated with the content of long chain fatty acids and protein. The very long chain fatty acids had a significant negative correlation with long chain fatty acids. Eight varieties with strong comprehensive drought resistance were screened out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To analyze risk factors of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) in those patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) undergoing anti-platelet therapy. Methods: Two hundred and sixtyseven patients with AIS or TIA hospitalized in Renji Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from June 2015 to April 2016 were enrolled for study .Following admission, they received dual anti-platelet therapy of aspirin (100300 mg/d) and clopidogrel(75 mg/d). After 5 days of medication，the inhibition rates of the 2 drugs were detected by thromboelastography (TEG). Then，the patients were divided into 4 groups, i.e. the adenosine diphosphate HTPR (ADP-HTPR) group，the ADP normal on-treatment platelet reactivity (ADP-NTPR) grou, the arachidonic acid HTPR (AA-HTPR) group and the AA-NTPR group. General clinical data, biochemical indexes and TEG parameters were compared between the 2 groups, and risk factors of HTPR were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results： 0f the 267 patients, 16.9% of them were HTPR, 14.2% were ADP-HTPR and 5.2% were AA-HTPR. Significant differences could be found in the indexes of hemoglobin, platelet count, chronic kidney disease，serum creatinine，erythrocyte sedimentation rate, MAtbrombin and AA-HTPR, when comparisons were made between the ADP-HTPR and the ADP-NTPR groups (P< .05) .Logistic regression analysis revealed that AA-HTPR was an independent risk factor of ADP-HTPR [OR--8.50，95% CI (2.48-29.14)]. Conclusion: The prevalence of HTPR in the patients with AIS or TIA was 16.9%, and AA-HTPR might be an independent risk factor of ADP-HTPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Hanshi Bi granule has been used to treat ankylosing spondylitis in the clinic, but the pharmacological mechanism B is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To screen the compound and drug targets of Hanshi Bi granules based on network pharmacology, and construct a compound-target network to systematically investigate the pharmacological mechanism for treating ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: The compounds and drug targets of Hanshi Bi granules were collected from TCMSP database. Ankylosing spondylitis targets were from DRUGBANK. Genecards, Home-OMIM-NCBI, and PALM-IST databases. The obtained drug targets and disease targets were corrected by Uniprot database and common genes were obtained using Draw Venn Diagrams analysis tool. PPI analysis was performed on the common gene in combination with the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.6.1. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the common gene by using Cytoscape 3.6.1 plugin ClueGO. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 69 active ingredients and 142 drug targets were obtained from TCMSP, and 595 ankylosing spondylitis targets were obtained using DRUGBANK, Genecards, Home-OMIM-NCBI, and PALM-IST databases. (2) Using the Draw Venn Diagrams tool to analyze all targets, 39 common genes were obtained. Through PPI analysis, tumor necrosis factor, interieukin-6 and prostaglandin-in-peroxidase 2 were highly connected in the PPI network. (3) Through GO enrichment analysis, it mainly involved biological functions such as regulation of reactive oxygen metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, acute inflammatory reaction, neurotransmitter biosynthetic process, and metabolism of arachidonic acid. (4) Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, it mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, interieukin-17 signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. (5) This study preliminarily predicts the pharmacological mechanism underlying the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with Hanshi Bi granules, and provides new ideas for secondary development of old drugs and experimental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) is an important lipid molecule derived from arachidonic acid, which regulates a variety of physiological and pathological activities. Based on the inhibition of inflammatory PGE 2 production, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered as the most commonly used drugs to treat inflammatory diseases and to relieve fever and pain symptoms. PGE 2 mediates its functions via four different G protein-coupled receptors, named EP1-EP4. Though the limited distribution and low PGE 2 affinity of EP1, it plays important roles in the maintenance of many physiological functions and homeostasis. Moreover, EP1 is widely involved in the inflammatory response, pain perception and multisystem pathological function regulation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent advances on the physiological and pathophysiological function of EP1 and its targeted drugs development.

With the acceleration of aging society, delaying aging or promoting healthy aging has become a major demand for human health. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme catalyzing arachidonic acid into leukotrienes (LTs), which is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response. Previous studies showed that abnormal activation of 5-LOX and overproduction of LTs are closely related to the occurrence and development of aging-related inflammatory diseases. Therefore, inhibiting 5-LOX activation is a possibly potential strategy for treating age-related diseases. In this paper, the latest research progress in 5-LOX activation, 5-LOX in mediating aging-related diseases and its small molecule inhibitors is briefly reviewed to provide scientific theoretical basis and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of aging-related inflammatory diseases.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Based on the ultra high performance liquid chromatography-single quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) positive and negative ions model, the difference of serum metabolomics between positive and negative surface antigen of hepatitis b in unpaid blood donors was discussed, and potential serum biomarkers were found for the diagnosis of hepatitis b. Methods: 57 cases of hepatitis b surface antigen positive (research group) and 63 cases of hepatitis b surface antigen negative in the same period (control group) of unpaid blood donors were selected from October 2017 to January 2018 in qinghai blood center. UPLC-QTOFMS technology was used to establish of serum metabolic fingerprint for two groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to analyze the differences between the two groups of small molecules, determine biomarkers related to hepatitis b, and analyze the related metabolic mechanism. Results: Eight potential biomarkers were filtered by variable importance projection screen, mass spectrum identification and database retrieval, they were valine, choline, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, carnitine, homoserine, lysophosphatidylcholine, serum lysozyme and arachidonic acid, involving the metabolism of bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and phospholipids, etc. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the serum metabolites of positive hepatitis b surface antigen and negative hepatitis b surface antigen in unpaid blood donors, and the discovery of differential metabolites is helpful to find potential biomarkers of hepatitis b and provide basis for the blood safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of Zileuton( a specific 5-Lox inhibitor),Celecoxib( a specific Cox-2 inhibitor) and Licofelone(a dual Cox/5-Lox inhibitor) on ethanol-related oral carcinogenesis in mice. Methods: 66 C57 BL/6 mice were divided into 6 groups randomly. The negative control group( n = 6) was not treated, the remaining mice were divided into 5 groups(12 mice in each group) and treated with 4 NQO in their drinking water at a concentration of 50 μg/m L for a period of 16 weeks. Then the mice in 4 NQO control group was not treated afterwards, those in the other 4 groups were received by distilled water, Zileuton, Celecoxib and Licofelone respectively. At week 24, all the animals were sacrificed. The tongue was harvested and examined for histopathology,immunohistochemical and western blotting. Results: Long-term 8% ethanol consumption significantly increased the oral SCC incidence(from 16.7% to 58.3%),5-Lox and Cox-2 protein expression, and the Brd U-labeling index The oral SCC incidence and the BrdU-labeling index in Zileuton group, Celecoxib group and Licofelone group were significantly lower than those in positive control group. The oral SCC incidence and the Brd U-labeling index in Licofelone group were significantly lower than those in Zileuton group or Celecoxib group. 5-Lox and Cox-2 protein expression in Licofelone group, 5-Lox protein expression in Zileuton group and Cox-2 protein expression in celecoxib group were significantly lower than those in positive control group. Cox-2 protein expression in Zileuton group and 5-Lox protein expression in Celecoxib group were significantly higher than those in positive control group. Conclusions:Ethanol can promot 4 NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis through activation of the 5-Lox and Cox-2 pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Zileuton and Celecoxib have inhibitory effects against ethanol-related oral carcinogenesis and such inhibition may be related to the suppression of 5-Lox and Cox-2 protein expression. The inhibitory effect of Licofelone is better than that of Zileuton and Celecoxib, and Licofelone may be potentially used for oral cancer prevention in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】In order to obtain higher mycelial biomass and ARA yield, the fermentation conditions of Mortierella alpina with highyield of Arachidonic acid(ARA) were optimized. 【Method】Three M. alpina strains with high-yield ARA(D1, N24, 11 f01) in the previous study were selected as experimental strains, and single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were applied to explore optimized nitrogen source, carbon source, medium components and fermentation temperature. 【Result】Glucose and yeast extract were preferred for M. alpina, and the optimized temperature was 20 °C. The optimized fermentation medium of D1 was comprised of 120 g/L glucose, 1 g/L KH2 PO4, 15 g/L yeast extract, and initial pH was 5.5; The optimized fermentation medium of N24 was comprised of 120 g/L glucose, 1 g/L KH2 PO4, 20 g/L yeast extract, and initial pH was 6.0; The optimized fermentation medium of 11 f01 was comprised of 120 g/L glucose, 1 g/L KH2 PO4, 15 g/L yeast extract, and initial pH was 6.0. After optimization of fermentation conditions, the maximum mycelial biomass of three strains reached 26. 67, 27.07 and 23. 02 g/L, increased by 22.0 %, 15.39 % and 23.73 %, respectively; ARA yield reached 4.29, 4.39 and 3. 45 g/L, increased by 38.79 %, 23. 16 % and 64.59 %. 【Conclusion】After optimizing the fermentation conditions of M. alpina, the mycelial biomass and ARA yield of three strains were increased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of arachidonic acid on the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by TNF-α and actinomycin D (ActD). Methods The human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, EET group, and EET +3MA group. The blank group was cultured normally. In the latter three groups, TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and ActD (5 ng/mL) were added to induce apoptosis, meanwhile, the EET group was added with 14, 15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) (100 nmol/L) , and the EET +3MA group was added with 14 15-EET ( 100 nmol/L) and 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) (2 mmol/L). The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry at 24 h. Western blotting was used to detect the microtubule-related protein light chain 3-1 ( LC3-I ) and 3-II (IX3-II ), and the LC3-II/LC3- I was calculated. The activity of caspase-8 and 9 was detected by ELISA. Results The apoptosis rates in the blank group, EET group, and EET + 3MA group were lower than that in the model group (P<0. 01), and the apoptosis rate in the EET +3MA group was higher than that in the EET group (P< 0. 05). The LC3-II/LC3- I ratios in the EET group and EET + 3MA group were higher than those in the model group and the blank group (P <0. 05 or P <0.01 ). The LC3-II/LC3- I ratio in the EET +3MA group was lower than that in the EET group (/-*<(). 01). The activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9 in the model group, EET group, EET + 3MA group was higher than that in the blank group, the model group was higher than EET + 3MA group and EET group, and EET +3MA group was higher than EET group (Pc 0.05 or P<0.01 ). Conclusion Arachidonic acid can inhibit the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by TNE-α, and the induced autophagy hv inhibiting caspase-8 and caspase-9 may he its mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus in improving the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice by serum metabolomics, screen the differential metabolites of Psoraleae Fructus on APP/PS1 mice, and reveal its influence on the metabolic pathway of APP/PS1 mice. Thirty 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group and a Psoraleae Fructus extract group, and another 15 C57BL/6 mice of the same age were assigned to the blank group. The learning and memory ability of mice was evaluated by the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests, and metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites in mouse serum. The results of the Morris water maze test showed that Psoraleae Fructus shortened the escape latency of APP/PS1 mice(P&lt;0.01), and increased the number of platform crossing and residence time in the target quadrant(P&lt;0.01). The results of the novel object recognition test showed that Psoraleae Fructus could improve the novel object recognition index of APP/PS1 mice(P&lt;0.01). Eighteen differential metabolites in serum were screened out by metabolomics, among which the levels of arachidonic acid, tryptophan, and glycerophospholipid decreased after drug administration, while the levels of glutamyltyrosine increased after drug administration. The metabolic pathways involved included arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. Therefore, Psoraleae Fructus can improve the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice, and its mechanism may be related to the effects in promoting energy metabolism, reducing oxidative damage, protecting central nervous system, reducing neuroinflammation, and reducing Aβ deposition. This study is expected to provide references for Psoraleae Fructus in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and further explain the mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus in the treatment of AD.

This study aims to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills in the treatment of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR) by using proteomic techniques. Firstly, cyclophosphamide(60 mg·kg~(-1)) combined with busulfan(6 mg·kg~(-1)) was injected intraperitoneally to establish the mouse model of DOR. After drug injection, the mice were continuously observed and the success of modeling was evaluated by the disturbance of the estrous cycle. After successful modeling, the mice were administrated with the suspension of Liuwei Dihuang Pills by gavage for 28 days. At the end of the gavage, four female mice were selected and caged together with males at a ratio of 2∶1 for the determination of the pregnancy rate. Blood and ovary samples were collected from the remaining mice on the next day after the end of gavage. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were then employed to observe the morphological and ultrastructural changes in the ovaries. The serum levels of hormones and oxidation indicators were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative proteomics techniques were used to compare the ovarian protein expression before and after modeling and before and after the intervention with Liuwei Dihuang Pills. The results showed that Liuwei Dihuang Pills regulated the estrous cycle of DOR mice, elevated the serum levels of hormones and anti-oxidation indicators, promoted follicle development, protected the mitochondrial morphology of ovarian granulosa cells, and increased the litter size and survival of DOR mice. Furthermore, Liuwei Dihuang Pills negatively regulated the expression of 12 differentially expressed proteins associated with DOR, which were mainly involved in lipid catabolism, inflammatory response, immune regulation, and coenzyme biosynthesis. These differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, ribosomes, ferroptosis, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. In summary, the occurrence of DOR and the treatment of DOR with Liuwei Dihuang Pills are associated with multiple biological pathways, mainly including oxidative stress response, inflammatory response, and immune regulation. &quot;Mitochondria-oxidative stress-apoptosis&quot; is the key to the treatment of DOR by Liuwei Dihuang Pills. YY1 and CYP4F3 may be the key upstream targets that trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation, and the metabolism of arachidonic acid is the main signaling pathway of drug action.

Objective: To investigate the effect of acupuncture-moxibustion with "Biao-Ben" acupoint combination (BB) on the serum metabolites and metabolic pathway in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model rats, so as to explore the mechanisms of BB in the prevention and treatment of IBS., Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group, and BB group, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS model was established by the combination of acute stress method and chronic stress method, and the success of the model establishment was evaluated by abdominal wall reflex (AWR). BB group received acupuncture-moxibustion treatment at "Neiguan" (PC6), "Zusanli" (ST36), and "Guanyuan" (CV4) for 15 min, once a day, for a total of 28 days. Bristol's fecal character score was evaluated, and intestinal propulsion rate was calculated. The open-field experiment was used to observe the behaviour of rats. Pathological changes in the colon were observed by H.E. staining. TM widely targeted metabolomics technology was used to detect the metabolic profile of serum samples from 3 groups of rats. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis techniques were combined with database screening to screen differential metabolites, and the KEGG database was utilized to map the enriched metabolic pathway., Results: Compared with the control group, AWR, and the total distance, speed, duration traveled autonomously, the distance of central grid traveling, the number of central grid crossings of the open-field experiment were significantly decreased ( P <0.01， P <0.05), while Bristol's fecal character score, intestinal propulsion rate and rest duration in the open-field experiment were significantly increased( P <0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, Bristol's fecal character score, the intestinal propulsion rate, rest duration, and rest episode were significantly decreased( P <0.01, P <0.05), while AWR, the total distance, speed, duration traveled autonomously, the distance of central grid traveling, the number of central grid crossings, and the residence time of the central grid were significantly increased( P <0.01， P <0.05) in the BB group. H.E. staining showed a discontinuous mucosal layer of colon tissue, a slightly disordered arrangement of glands, and more inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa and muscle layer in the model group, which was relatively milder in the BB group. After comparing the model and control group, 123 differential metabolites were screened, while 57 were screened after comparing the model and BB group. Six differential metabolic pathways were acquired when comparing the model and the control group, while 8 were acquired when comparing the model and BB group using KEGG enrichment analysis, both of which included the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway., Conclusion: "Biao-Ben" acupoint combination can improve symptoms of IBS by regulating metabolites of the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, which may be a potential target for the treatment of IBS.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the effective substances and mechanism of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) based on metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. The rat model of CGN was induced by cationic bovine serum albumin(C-BSA). After intragastric administration of Yishen Guluo Mixture, the biochemical indexes related to renal function(24-hour urinary protein, serum urea nitrogen, and creatinine) were determined, and the efficacy evaluations such as histopathological observation were carried out. The serum biomarkers of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN were screened out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis, and the metabolic pathways were analyzed. According to the mass spectrum ion fragment information and metabolic pathway, the components absorbed into the blood(prototypes and metabolites) from Yishen Guluo Mixture were identified and analyzed by using PeakView 1.2 and MetabolitePilot 2.0.4. By integrating metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry data, a mathematical model of correlation analysis between serum biomarkers and components absorbed into blood was constructed to screen out the potential effective substances of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN. Yishen Guluo mixture significantly decreased the levels of 24-hour urinary protein, serum urea nitrogen, and creatinine in rats with CGN, and improved the pathological damage of the kidney tissue. Twenty serum biomarkers of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN, such as arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine, were screened out, involving arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerol phosphatide metabolism, and other pathways. Based on the serum pharmacochemistry, 8 prototype components and 20 metabolites in the serum-containing Yishen Guluo Mixture were identified. According to the metabolomics and correlation analysis of serum pharmacochemistry, 12 compounds such as genistein absorbed into the blood from Yishen Guluo Mixture were selected as the potential effective substances for the treatment of CGN. Based on metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry, the effective substances and mechanism of Yishen Guluo Mixture in the treatment of CGN are analyzed and explained in this study, which provides a new idea for the development of innovative traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of CGN.

Objective: To observe the effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on gut microbiota in mice. Methods: Thirty healthy C57/B6 male mice were randomized and divided into the control group (regular control diet), arachidonic acid group (control diet +10% arachidonic acid), and fish oil group (control diet +10% fish oil). After 16 weeks of feeding, fecal bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and PCR amplified based on the V3-V5 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene for sequencing. Using such information, the change of gut microbiota was evaluated. Results: The content of firmicutes in arachidonic acid group was (55.3± 5.26)% , which was significantly higher than that in the control group (30.23± 8.75)% (P<0.05). In addition, the content of Proteobacteria in the control group (1.5± 0.265)% was lower than that in the arachidonic acid group (3± 0.762)% (P<0.05). Conclusion: High ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFAs causes the imbalance of gut mcriobiota in mice, particularly in firmicutes and proteobacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arachidonic acid is one of the essential free fatty acids. Arachidonic acid and its products play an important role in regulating the body inflammation, blood vessels, elastic, leukocyte function, bone remodeling and platelet activation. Recent studies have found that arachidonic acid levels in the blood may change after menopause. Arachidonic acid and its product are related with postmenopausal hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis, etc. Moreover, after menopause, dietary factors can regulate the content of blood arachidonic acid. In this paper, before and after menopausal transition to the variation in content of arachidonic acid and its possible mechanism and postmenopausal women the relationship between diet and arachidonic acid in the body change were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]