Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion on the Young's modulus of lumbar muscle groups, hind limb gait parameters, and bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats, and to explore the role of moxibustion in improving muscle function in ovariectomized rats based on the theory of musculoskeletal interaction. Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group, model group, moxibustion group, and estrogen group, with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the model group, moxibustion group, and estrogen group were ovariectomized. The acupoints of the moxibustion group were taken from both sides of the Liver-Yu and Kidney- Yu for 15 minutes each time, once every other day, 3 times a week for a total of 12 weeks. After the intervention, real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) was used to determine the Young's modulus of lumbar muscle groups in rats. The gait analysis system WalkAnalysator VTX recorded the support duration (s), swing duration (s), swing speed (cm/s), and stride width (cm) of the hind limb. Micro-CT was used to detect bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp) in the right femur. Results Compared to those in the sham operation group, the Young's modulus in lumbar muscle group decreased (P<0.01), the support duration, swing duration, and step width of hind limbs increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the swing speed decreased (P<0.01), BMD, Tb.Th, and BV/TV of the right femur decreased (P<0.01), and the Tb.Sp increased (P<0.01). Compared to those in the model group, the Young's modulus of lumbar muscle group in the moxibustion group and estrogen group increased (P<0.05), the hindlimb support duration, swing duration, and step width shortened (P<0.05, P<0.01), the swing speed increased (P<0.01), BMD, Tb.Th, and BV/TV of the right femur increased (P<0.01), and the Tb.Sp decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion Moxibustion Liver-Yu and Kidney-Yu increases the Young's modulus value of lumbar muscle groups in ovariectomized rats, affects the gait parameters of hind limbs, thereby improving muscle function and improving BMD. This provides a traditional Chinese medicine solution for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis from the perspective of musculoskeletal interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]