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目的 调查缺血性卒中患者服药依从性的影响因素。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院国际部2022年6月—2023年12月的缺血性卒中住院患者。采用问卷调查收集患者的一般情况、服药依从性[采用Morisky服药依从性量表（Morisky medication adherence scale，MMAS）评估]、感知健康能力[采用中文版感知健康能力量表（perceived health competence scale，PHCS）评估]、卒中复发情况等信息。根据MMAS评分将患者分为依从性差（MMAS评分＜６分）组和中高依从性（MMAS评分≥6分）组。比较两组的人口学特点、临床特点和血管危险因素情况，并采用多因素logistic回归分析服药依从性的影响因素。 结果 共纳入缺血性卒中患者212例，平均年龄（59.9±5.9）岁，MMAS评分6（6～7）分，其中服药依从性差组41例（19.34%），中高依从性组171例（80.66%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，初中及以下学历患者依从性差的风险是大专及以上学历患者的6.290倍（95%CI 1.912～20.689，P=0.002）；无配偶患者依从性差的风险是有配偶患者的4.172倍（95%CI 1.372～12.684，P=0.012）；无业患者依从性差的风险是在职患者的4.115倍（95%CI 1.326～12.773，P=0.014）；PHCS评分低水平的患者服药依从性差的风险是中等水平患者的2.190倍（95%CI 1.098～4.370，P=0.026）。中高依从性组患者出院后1个月（99.42% vs. 92.68%，P=0.004）、3个月（98.83% vs. 80.49%，P＜0.001）和6个月（98.25% vs. 75.61%，P＜0.001）的随访完成率均高于依从性差组；3个月（3.55% vs. 12.12%，P=0.038）、6个月（4.76% vs. 16.13%，P=0.019）的卒中复发率低于依从性差组。 结论 初中及以下学历、无配偶、无业、PHCS评分低的缺血性卒中患者服药依从性差的风险较高。护理人员应综合考虑患者的个体差异，制订并实施个体化的健康教育计划，以提高患者的服药依从性。 Abstract: Objective To investigate the influencing factors of medication adherence in ischemic stroke patients. Methods This prospective study consecutively included the ischemic stroke inpatients at the international department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2022 to December 2023. A questionnaire was used to collect information on patients’ general information, medication adherence [evaluated by the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS)], perceived health competence [assessed by the perceived health competence scale (PHCS)], and stroke recurrence. The patients were divided into a poor adherence group (MMAS score

为探究不同瓜类种子性状与含油量及其油中角鲨烯含量的相关性，以苦瓜、瓜蒌、籽瓜和南瓜等15个品种的瓜类种子为实验材料，对单粒质量、百粒质量、长、宽、干基含油量和油中角鲨烯含量进行测定,并分析其相关性。结果表明：籽瓜种子单粒质量最大、长度最长、宽度最宽，分别为0.255 2 g、0.632 mm和0383 mm；阿根廷蛇瓜种子百粒质量最大，为24.919 3 g；砍瓜种子的干基含油量和油中角鲨烯含量最高，分别为41.14%和2 525.8 mg/kg；相关性分析发现种子长度越长，宽度越宽有利于单粒质量和百粒质量的增加，油中角鲨烯含量与干基含油量呈显著正相关（p＜0.05）；西葫芦、青皮绿肉酥、砍瓜、早熟南瓜和南瓜在籽油角鲨烯含量选育中具有一定的参考价值。综上，砍瓜为种子高含油量及其油中高角鲨烯含量的瓜类品种。 To explore the relationship between character of different melon seeds and their oil content and squalene content in oil, the single seed mass, 100 seeds mass, length, width, oil content and squalene content in oil were measured with 15 kinds of melon seeds such as Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes, seed melon and pumpkin etc. as experimental materials, and their correlation was analyzed. The results showed that the seed melon seed had the highest single seed mass, the longest length and the widest width of 0.255 2 g, 0.632 mm and 0.383 mm, respectively. The Argentine snake melon seed had the largest 100 seeds mass of 24.919 3 g. The oil content on dry basis and squalene content in oil of cut melon seed were the highest, with the oil content on dry basis of 41.14% and the squalene content of 2 525.8 mg/kg. The correlation analysis showed that the longer length and the wider the width of the seed, the larger the single seed mass and 100 seeds mass. Squalene content in oil was significantly positively correlated with oil content on dry basis (p＜0.05). Zucchini, green meat pastry, cut melon, early maturing pumpkin and pumpkin had certain reference value in squalene content in seed oil breeding. In summary, cut melon is a melon variety with high oil content in seed and high squalene content in its seed oil.

为提高核桃蛋白得率，分别探索了以碱性蛋白酶、纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶为辅助酶，碱溶酸沉法制备核桃蛋白的工艺，采用超滤工艺回收酸沉废液中核桃蛋白，比较醋酸纤维素（CA）膜、聚醚砜树脂（PES）膜和聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜3种不同超滤膜的回收效率。结果表明，酶法辅助碱溶酸沉法制备核桃蛋白的最佳工艺条件为以纤维素酶为辅助酶、酶解时间60 min、酶解pH 3.6、酶添加量0.5%、酶解温度37 ℃，在最佳工艺条件下核桃蛋白得率为84.11%。CA膜能显著提高核桃蛋白得率，在原料液质量浓度0.363 mg/mL、原料液温度30 ℃的条件下，CA膜的截留率可达9233%，核桃蛋白得率可达87.64%。 In order to improve the yield of walnut protein, alkaline protease, cellulase and α-amylase were used as auxiliary enzyme to extract walnut protein by alkali-solution and acid-precipitation, walnut protein from acid precipitation waste water was recovered by ultrafiltration process, and the recovery efficiency of cellulose acetate (CA) membrane, polyethersulfone resin (PES) membrane and polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） membrane on walnut protein was compared. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of walnut protein were obtained as follows: with cellulase as auxiliary enzyme, enzymatic hydrolysis time 60 min, enzymatic hydrolysis pH 3.6, dosage of enzyme 05%, and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 37 ℃.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of walnut protein was 84.11%. CA membrane could significantly improve the yield of walnut protein, under the conditions of mass concentration of feed solution 0.363 mg/mL and temperature of feed solution 30 ℃, the rejection rate of CA membrane could reach 92.33%，and the yield of walnut protein was 87.64%.

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urban Mass Transit is the property of Urban Mass Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Distance Education (1672-0008) is the property of Zhejiang Open University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the clinical communication competence of psychiatric nurses in Guangdong Province and its influencing factors, and provide reference for the improvement of communication skills among psychiatric nurses. Methods A cross-sectional study using general information scale and the Clinical Communication Competency Scale (CCCS) was conducted to 667 psychiatric nurses in Guangdong Province. Results The total score of CCCS was (3. 99±0. 57) , dimensions arranged by scores from the highest to the lowest were: team communication (4. 15±0. 62), verbal communication (4. 01±0. 59), affective perception (4. 00±0. 60), Non-verbal communication (3. 99±0. 61), emotional support (3. 95±0. 63) and communication in difficult situations(3. 92±0. 60). The main factors influencing the clinical communication competence of psychiatric nurses were age, professional title, job title and job seniority (P

This paper summarized the practice in the management of medical waste disposal during the COVID-19 epidemic. Plan and targeted strategies were made based on the considerations regarding the layout of medical waste disposal, transport process, the main points of transport routes in fever clinics, isolation (under observation) wards and laboratory in the hospital. This paper is dedicated to provide reference for other medical institutes to establish and practice a timely, orderly, efficient and harmless disposal of medical waste when dealing with severe infectious diseases. (本文总结医院在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医疗垃圾处理的管理实践经验, 包括发热门诊、隔离(留观)病房和实验室产生的医疗垃圾的存储布局、转运流程、转运路线及处理要点等, 以期为其他医疗机构在应对烈性传染病时确保医疗垃圾得到及时、有序、高效、无害化处置提供借鉴。)

Objective To investigate the status quo of empathy of nurses in mental health institutions, and explore the factors affecting their empathy. Methods A cross-section survey was conducted in nurses from 6 tertiary mental health institutions in Guangdong Province using the general information scale and Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professionals (JSE-HP). Results The average score of nurses’ empathy was (82. 11±5. 46), and the total scoring rate was 58. 65%. Dimensions with scoring rate ranking from high to low were compassionate care, perspective taking and standing in the patient's shoes, respectively. Nurse level and employment type were found to be the factors influencing empathy of nurses (P

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Oxidative injury is considered to be one of the important factors of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a key mitochondrial antioxidant molecule, and fenofibrate can regulate the expression of SOD2 by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the mechanism of fenofibrate in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury depends on the expression of SOD2. METHODS: The TALENs system was used to construct SOD2 transgenic mice. The transgenic mice were genotyped by PCR and DNA sequencing techniques. The expression of SOD2 protein in transgenic mice was detected by western blot assay. Wild-type and SOD2 transgenic mice were randomly divided into four groups: wild-type control group (n=6), wild-type fenofibrate group (n=6), SOD2 transgenic control group (n=5) and SOD2 transgenic fenofibrate group (n=5). A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was prepared using the suture-occlusion method. After 90 minutes of ischemia, the thread was removed to reperfuse cerebral blood flow for 30 minutes. A cerebral blood flow monitor was used to monitor local cerebral blood flow. Brain tissue slices were taken for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to analyze the situation of cerebral infarction in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After PCR and DNA sequencing analysis, nine SOD2+/+ transgenic mice were successfully constructed. After cerebral ischemiareperfusion, the wild-type fenofibrate group showed partial recovery of cerebral blood flow and significantly reduced cerebral infarction volume compared with the wild-type control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in cerebral blood flow and cerebral infarction volume between the SOD2 transgenic fenofibrate group and the SOD2 transgenic control group. The SOD2 transgenic control was superior to the wild-type control group in terms of improving cerebral blood flow and cerebral infarction (P < 0.001). There were also no significant differences in cerebral blood flow and cerebral infarction volume between the wild-type fenofibrate group and the SOD2 transgenic control group and between the wild-type fenofibrate group and the SOD2 transgenic fenofibrate group. To conclude, the expression of SOD2 is one of the mechanisms of fenofibrate in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a condition caused by the combined effects of various factors, such as cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Currently, it is believed that the core of this condition lies in the degeneration and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). However, the specific pathological mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: By investigating the expression of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) signaling pathway and the apoptosis of NPCs under different oxygen concentrations, to clarify the biological characteristics of NPCs under varying oxygen levels, and to explore the mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: Normal and degenerated NPCs were collected. The second-generation cells were used for imaging identification. The third-generation cells were cultured in the following conditions: 37°C, air, 100% humidity. Leibovitz’s medium containing 100 μmol/L CoCl2 and 10% fetal bovine serum medium containing 100 μmol/L H2O2 were used to create distinct oxygen concentration environments for the third-generation cells, allowing for the investigation of cellular responses and behaviors under normal, low oxygen, and oxidative stress conditions. The third-generation cells were divided into six groups: normal NPCs+hypoxia, normal NPCs+normoxia, normal NPCs+oxidative stress, degenerated NPCs+hypoxia, degenerated NPCs+normoxia, and degenerated NPCs+oxidative stress groups. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 method. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. RT-PCR and western blot assay were utilized to examine the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and HIF-1α. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At different oxygen concentrations, the cell proliferation rate of both normal and degenerated NPCs decreased as the oxygen concentration increased. Conversely, the apoptosis rate increased as the oxygen concentration rose (P < 0.05). With the normal NPCs+hypoxia group as the control group, the effect of degenerated NPCs on the apoptosis rate was highly significant (P < 0.001). Oxygen concentration had a highly significant impact on both NPC proliferation rate and apoptosis rate (P < 0.001). The interaction between cell degeneration and oxygen concentration significantly affected both NPC proliferation and apoptosis rates (P < 0.05). At different oxygen concentrations, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and HIF-1α in normal NPCs were highest under low oxygen concentration, followed by oxidative stress environment, and lowest under normoxia. In degenerated NPCs, the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and HIF-1α decreasd as the oxygen concentration increased. The protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt in normal NPCs were significantly higher than those in degenerated NPCs (P < 0.05). With the normal NPCs+hypoxia group as the control group, the effects of normal or degenerated NPCs, as well as oxygen concentration, on the protein and mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, and HIF-1α were highly significant. The interaction between cell degeneration and oxygen concentration also had an extremely significant effect on the protein and mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, and HIF-1α (P < 0.001). To conclude, there is a close correlation between the proliferation and apoptosis of NPCs and both oxygen concentration and the cellular functional state. The PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway exhibits antagonistic regulatory effects under various cellular functional states and different oxygen concentration environments. The mechanism may be associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which consequently transcribes HIF-1α, thus maintaining the balance of reactive oxygen species metabolism. This pathway plays a significant role in inhibiting oxidative stress, antagonizing NPCs apoptosis, and consequently delaying intervertebral disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of moxibustion based on Lai's Tongyuan needling technique on retention of urine after stroke. Methods Totally 65 stroke patients with retention of urine were randomly divided into the control group (n=32) and observation group (n=33). All patients received comprehensive treatment and nursing care, and those in the observation group were given moxibustion based on Lai's Tongyuan needling technique. The frequency of urination and residual urine volume were recorded, and the effect of intervention was compared between two groups. Results Better outcomes of frequency of urination and residual urine volume were found in the observation group than those in the control group after intervention(P＜0. 05), The overall effective rate was 96. 67%(32/33) in the observation group and 78. 13%(25/32) in the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The moxibustion based on Lai's Tongyuan needling technique is potentially effective to improve the bladder function of patients with retention of urine after stroke. (目的 观察赖氏通元法艾灸对中风后并发癃闭患者的护理效果。方法 选择中风后并发癃闭的患者65例, 按随机数字表法分为对照组32例和试验组33例, 对照组采用常规治疗与护理, 试验组在对照组基础上采用赖氏通元法艾灸。记录2组患者排尿次数和残余尿量, 评价干预效果。结果 试验组排尿次数、膀胱残余尿量改善情况优于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。试验组总有效率96. 67%(32/33), 高于对照组的78. 13%(25/32), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 赖氏通元法艾灸可改善中风后癃闭患者的膀胱功能。)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the improvement of living standards and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the demand for adhesives grows rapidly. In particular, biomass adhesives have attracted widespread attention, Biomass adhesives are natural adhesives prepared from biomass and its derivatives of animals, plants and microorganisms. Although the biomass adhesives have the advantages of wide source of raw materials, non-toxic, environmental friendliness and degradability, the poor mechanical properties, low water resistance, and easy to be at- tacked by bacteria hinder the practical application of biomass adhesives. By grafting, crosslinking, filling acid treatment and other modifications of these biomass raw materials. their shortcomings can be improved, which enables their application in wood, food, medical treatment, cultural relics restoration and other fields. In this review, the preparation, application and the most recent research status of the adhesives from the biomass of animal and plant proteins, lignin, chitosan, tannin, cellulose and starch are included. The future development trend of biomass adhesives was also reviewed. This review will provide reference for the further development and application of biomass in the field of adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Petroleum Machinery is the property of China Petroleum Machinery Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Test & Measurement Technology is the property of Publishing Center of North University of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective]To explore the biological function of secreted protein AO-492 in the process of chitin induction from nematodetrapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.[Method]The coding region of the main domain of chitinase AO-492 from A. oligospora was cloned and analyzed, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein ReAO-Z492 was purified by nickel column affinity chromatography. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant protein under different temperature, pH and metal ion conditions was analyzed by NAG assay, and its biological function was analyzed by acting on Caenorhabditis elegans and eggs.[Result]The chitinase AO-492 had a signal peptide, no transmembrane domain, contained two chitin binding domains and a glycoside hydrolase 18 family domain, and the highly conserved substrate binding site of the glycoside hydrolase 18 family chitinase -SVGGWT- and the hydrolase active site -FDGGDLDWE-, as well as a typical TIM barrel molecular structure. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein had the closest genetic relationship with chitinase(EPS35099.1). SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis showed that the molecular weight of ReAO-Z492 was about 59 kD, which specifically reacted with mouse polyclonal antibody against A. oligospora. The optimal temperature and pH of ReAO-Z492 were 40℃ and 7.0, respectively. Mg2+ promoted the enzyme activity, while Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ inhibited it. ReAO-Z492 had strong degrading activity on the body wall and egg shell of C. elegans.[Conclusion]The chitinase AO-492 of A. oligospora has a strong degradation effect on C. elegans and its eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the regulatory effect of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) in the early development of fertilized eggs at G1 phase of the mice, and to clarify the related mechanism. Methods: Some female mice aged 4-6 weeks and weighed about 20 g, and several male mice aged over 8 weeks and weighed about 30 g were selected. The female mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), followed by 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) after 48 h. After HCG injection, the female mice were caged overnight with the male mice at a ratio of 1: 1. The fertilized eggs at G1, S, G2, and M phases were collected at 12-21 h, 21-26 h, 26-28 h, and 28-30 h after injected with HCG, and their cellular morphology at different cell cycles were observed under light microscope. The mouse fertilized eggs at G1 phase after superovulation were collected, the mRNA was synthesized in vitro, and divided into no injection group, Tris-EDTA buffer injection group (TE injection group), and SGK1-mRNA injection group. The SGK1 antibodies were mixed with KSOM culture medium with the concentrations of 1 : 25, 1 : 50, 1 : 100, 1: 200, and 0 to culture the mouse fertilized eggs at G1 phase. Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of SGK1 protein in fertilized eggs of the mice in various groups and the dephosphorylation for phosphorylated SGK1-Threonine 256 site tyrosine15 site of cell diusion cyclin 2 (Cdc2) (Cdc2-pTyr15) in the fertilized eggs of the mice in various groups and different concentrations of SGK1 antibody groups and the developmental states of the fertilized eggs in the fertilized eggs of the mice in various groups and different concentrations of SGK1 antibody groups were observed under phase contrast microscope; the expression levels of phosphorylated SGK1-Thr256 (SGK1-pThr256) and Cdc2-pTyr15 proteins in fertilized eggs at different post-HCG injection times were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with no injection and TE injection groups, the expression level of SGK1 protein in the cells in SGK1-mRNA injection group was significantly increased (P<0. 01). 27-28 h after injected with HCG, the phosphorylation signaling of Cdc2-pTyr15 in fertilized eggs of the mice in SGK1-mRNA injection group was gradually disappeared, and there was no phosphorylation signaling 29 h after injected with HCG. At 28-29 h after injected with HCG, the phosphorylation signaling of Cdc2-pTyr15 in fertilized eggs of the mice in no injection and TE injection groups gradually disappeared, completely disappeared at 30 h after injected with HCG. With the increasing of the concentration of SGK1 antibody, the disappearing time of the Cdc2-pTyr15 phosphorylation signaling was increased. At 27 h after injected with HCG, the fertilized eggs of the mice in SGK1-mRNA injection group was initiated cleavage; at 31 h after injected with HCG, nearly all the fertilized eggs turned into G2 phase; at 33 h after injected with HCG, all the fertilized eggs in 0 and 1: 200 SGK1 antibody groups underwent cleavage. However, with the increasing of SGK1 antibody concentration, the cleavage of the fertilized eggs in 1: 25, 1: 50, and 1: 100 SGK1 antibody groups was gradually decreased, particularly at 1: 25 SGK1 antibody group. Compared with no injection and TE injection groups, the death rate of the fertilized eggs of the mice in SGK1-mRNA injection group was significantly decreased at 31 h after injected with HCG (P<0. 05), and the cleavage rate was increased (P<0. 05). With the increasing of the SGK1 antibody concentration, the death rates of the fertilized eggs in different concentrations of SGK1 antibody group were increased (P<0. 05), with the extending of cleavage time was increased, and the cleavage rate of the fertilized eggs was decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and the cleavage rate of fertilized eggs in 1: 25 SGK1 antibody group was the lowest. The expression level of SGK1-pThr256 protein in fertilized eggs of the mice was gradually increased from 27 h after injected with HCG (P<0. 05 or P< 0. 01) in a time-dependent manner; at 28 to 29 h after injected with HCG, the expression levels of Cdc2-Tyr15 protein were gradually decreased (P<0. 05) in a time-dependent manner, and had completely disappeared at 30 h after injected with HCG. Conclusion: Both the over-expression and inhibition of SGK1 can affect the time for the fertilized eggs at G1 phase to entry into M phase, suggesting that SGK1 protein may be one of the regulatory factors in the early development of fertilized eggs at G1 phase of the mice, and it may regulate the development of the fertilized eggs at G1 phase through regulation of Cdc2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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