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Congenital vascular ring (CVR) is a rare congenital vascular malformation. During aortic arch development, congenital variations in vessels may occur, some of which form vascular rings that cause compression around the airway and/or esophagus, causing a range of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, CVR may be associated with a variety of chromosomal and genetic abnormalities and other intracardiac and extracardiac structural malformations. The treatment and prognosis varies from type to type according to differences in anatomic structure and degree of compression. With the standardization and popularization of prenatal screening of fetal congenital diseases, the liversification of postnatal assessment methods and application of new operation methods, the prenatal detection rate of CVR has been increased, and the postnatal evaluation has been more accurate. The postoperative prognosis of some diseases has been improved. However, the clinical cognition of CVR still remains to be improved. The lack of professional consultation on treatment and prognosis may cause excessive anxiety of gravida and families, and even unnecessary induction. The surgical indication, treatment and prognosis of each type of CVR still remain to reach a consensus. This review summarizes the anatomical characteristics, diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prognosis of CVR types in order to improve and update the understanding of this disease, guide gravidae to make more reasonable decisions during pregnancy and provide reference for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To explore the correlation between the indexes of echocardiography and fetal chromosomal abnormalities. A total of 980 high-risk pregnant women, who received prenatal echocardiography in Northwest Women and Children's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020, were chosen as research subjects, and their echocardiography and chromosomal karyotype detection were carried out, and the specific situation of chromosomal karyotype abnormality was recorded to screen out chromosomal karyotype abnormality Maternal (80 cases) as study group, another 900 cases of normal maternal chromosome as control group. The maternal echocardiography indicators left ventricular Tei index, right ventricular Tei index and neck translucent layer thickness (NT) value differences were compared between the two groups. The correlation of the above echocardiographic indicators were explored by Spearman correlation analysis, and a graph of the diagnostic value of echocardiographic indicators for fetal chromosomal abnormalities was finally drawn. (1) The Tei index of left ventricle, Tei index of right ventricle and NT value of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Correlation analysis showed that NT value was positively correlated with Tei value of left ventricle and TEI value of right ventricle (r=0.8927). (3) ROC curve showed that the AUC of TEI value in left ventricle, TEI value in right ventricle and NT value in the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal abnormalities were 0.9889, 0.7574 and 0.7959 respectively (P<0.05). There is a significant correlation between echocardiographic indexes and fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Echocardiography can be considered as a screening method for fetal chromosomal abnormalities in the clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the diagnostic value of echocardiography combined with electrocardiogram in the second trimester of pregnancy. The clinical related indicators of 80 foeti, who were diagnosed as heart malformation after birth and autopsy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to January 2021, were retrospectively analysed. The echocardiography and fetal ECG examination results of 80 foeti were analysed, and the value of echocardiography combined with ECG in the diagnosis of fetal heart malformation in the second trimester of pregnancy was analysed. In the 80 feti, there were 56 cases of ECG abnormalities of varying degrees, including 3 cases of premature fetal heart beats, 12 cases of increased FQRS amplitude, 15 cases of ST segment changes, 3 cases of FQRS time limit widening, 4 cases of fetal heartbeat, 4 cases of fetal heartbeat 3 cases of fetal bradycardia, and 16 cases of fetal tachycardia. In the 80 feti, through autopsy and post-natal follow-up, there were 4 cases of left heart dysplasia syndrome (HLHS), 6 cases of single atrium, 8 cases of complete endocardial cushion defect (ECD), and 14 cases of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), 17 cases of the diameter of the foramen ovale being greater than 6 mm, and 31 cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD). There was no significant difference compared with the diagnosis result of echocardiography(P>0.05). There were 7 cases of missed diagnosis in echocardiography. There was no significant difference between combined diagnosis and echocardiography and electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of left heart dysplasia syndrome, single ventricle, and total endocardial cushion defect in feti (P>0.05). For tetralogy of Fallot, greater than 6 mm of diameter of foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect, and cardiac malformation, the combined diagnosis is superior to the single diagnosis of echocardiography and electrocardiography (P<0.05). Through the comparison of the detection value of different examinations, it was found that the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of echocardiography combined with ECG were significantly higher than that of echocardiography and ECG alone. Echocardiography and electrocardiography are of great value in the diagnosis of fetal heart malformations in the second trimester of pregnancy. For cardiac malformation fetus in the second trimester of pregnancy, ECG examination shows abnormal phenomenon, but can not be diagnosed as cardiac malformation, still needs further to use echocardiography to diagnose whether or not there is fetal cardiac malformation in the second trimester of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effects of fetal cardiac ultrasound on the hemodynamic changes of full-term fetuses after birth. Methods: A total of 22,750 full-term fetuses,who were delivered in Northwest Women and Children's Hospital from July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020, were selected and were divided into high-risk delivery group (n=872) and normal delivery group (n=21,878). All the fetuses were examined by cardiac ultrasound, and their hemodynamic changes were recorded and analysed. Results: The ultrasound image scores of all fetuses were ≥ 2 points, with the average of 2.87± 0.14 points,which accorded with the diagnostic requirements. The FHR values of the aorta and pulmonary artery in th group (P<0.05), and the PTV values were lower than those in the normal delivery group (P<0.05). The RI and PI values of the umbilical artery in the high-risk delivery group were higher than those in the normal delivery group (P<0.05), while the middle cerebral artery RI and PI values were lower than the normal delivery group (P<0.05). High-risk delivery group were higher than those in the normal delivery In the high-risk delivery group, there were 45 cases of congenital heart disease diagnosed by followed- up, the incidence rates were 5.2 %; and in the normal delivery group, there were 32 cases of congenital heart disease diagnosed by followed-up, the incidence rates were 0.1 %, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). In the 22,750 full-term fetuses, Pearson correlation analysis showed that congenital heart disease was correlated with umbilical artery RI, PI, aortic and pulmonary artery FHR, and PTV values (P<0.05).Conclusion: Fetal echocardiography can reflect the hemodynamic changes of full-term fetuses after birth, and can coach clinicians in dealing promptly with high-risk delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of fetal foramen ovale restriction or closure (FO-R/C), we analyzed 31 cases of FO-R/C (observation group) and 30 cases of normal fetal echocardiography (control group). The efficacy of echocardiography in diagnosing FO-R/C was analyzed based on pathological or postnatal echocardiography diagnosis results. The results showed that the maximal fluidity, the ratio of right ventricle diameter to the left (RV/LV) and the ratio of right atrium diameter to the left (RA/LA) were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), as well as the ratio of main pulmonary artery diameter to the aorta (MPA/AO), the ratio of pulmonic supra valvular blood flow velocity to the aortic supra valvular (VMPA/VAO), cardiothoracic ratio and the resistance index of venous catheter. While the diameter of FO and the ratio of FO to aortic valve ring were smaller than those in the control group (P< 0.05), as well as the ratio of FO to right atrial transverse diameter. In conclusion, it can be confirmed that RA/LA, VMPA/VAO, maximum fluidity of FO and resistance index of venous catheter are effective in diagnosing FO-R/C. It is concluded that echocardiography can be used to assist the diagnosis of FO-R/C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discussed the application value of prenatal echocardiography in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. 3000 pregnant women within 20 to 24 weeks were selected as the observation group, on whom the fetal echocardiography and color Doppler ultrasonography were performed. Based on pregnancy outcomes, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of prenatal echocardiography and color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease were analyzed. We also compared the diagnostic value of different views in prenatal congenital heart disease. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of prenatal echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease were significantly higher than that of color Doppler ultrasound (P<0.05). The accuracy of four-chamber view of the fetal echocardiography for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal heart malformation was significantly higher than others (P<0.05). In summary, prenatal fetal echocardiography is of high value in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease, which can significantly reduce the rate of missed diagnosis of congenital heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, 2460 pregnant women were selected as research objects, and the application value of ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of pregnant women was discussed. At 20-28 gestational weeks, the fetal congenital heart disease was diagnosed by ultrasonic electrocardiogram, the abnormal fetus was examined by ultrasound at 11-32 gestational weeks, and the chromosomal invasion was performed at 18-23 gestational weeks. The results showed that the final diagnosis of 110 cases of congenital heart disease fetus, ultrasonic ECG detection of a total of 102 cases, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 92. 73%. Finally, 131 cases of abnormal fetus were diagnosed, 118 cases were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound, and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 90.08%. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 12 cases by chromosome invasion examination, which may be one of the factors causing fetal malformation. Therefore, prenatal ultrasound is an effective means to diagnose congenital heart disease and fetal malformation, which can play an important role in reducing birth defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the value of tissue Doppler Tei index in evaluating fetal heart function in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the relationship between maternal and child prognosis and blood glucose control. Methods: 80 GDM pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled. According to the glycemic control, they were divided into good group (48 cases) and bad group (32 cases). In addition, 50 healthy pregnant women who were prenatally examined in our hospital and produced in our hospital were selected as the control group. The isometric contraction time (ICT), isovolumic relaxation time (IRT), ejection time (ET), Tei index, pregnancy outcome, and neonatal complications were compared in the three groups. Results: The ET of the bad group was less than that of the good group and the control group, the Tei index was higher than that of the good group and the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of macrosomia, premature delivery, polyhydramnios and fetal distress in the bad group were high than those in the good group and the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia in the bad group were higher than those in the good group and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tissue Doppler Tei index has a high evaluation value for fetal heart function in GDM pregnant women. It can detect fetal cardiac dysfunction sensitively. Poor blood glucose control can significantly increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]