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Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preparation process of fluorescent cotton yarn by dipping treatment was discussed, the related property tests were carried out. By studying the amount of waterborne polyurethane finishing agent, fluorescence spectrum analysis, yarn strength test and washing resistance test were carried out on the products prepared by different amounts of waterborne polyurethane to optimize the best preparation process. The results showed that fluorescein mass fraction 0.1% and waterborne polyurethane mass fraction 50% were better optimal preparation process. At this time, fluorescent cotton yarn could be clearly seen that the fluorescein was evenly attached on the yarn under the fluorescence microscope. After the yarn was washed 30 min, the fluorescence intensity could still be maintained at about 225, which was in the scope of use. It is considered that under the same mass fraction of fluorescein, mass fraction of waterborne polyurethane directly affects the fluorescence effect, mechanical properties and washing resistance of fluorescent cotton yarn. Key Words fluorescein, cotton yarn, fluorescence intensity, padding method, waterborne polyurethane, washing resistance, mechanical property [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Niobium is a strategic metal with wide applications and plays a very important role in modern steel technology. The average content of Nb2O5 in a niobium-rare earth ore is 0.0855%, and the content of total rare earth (REO) is 1.03%, which is close to the minimum industrial grade requirement of niobium ore. Niobium minerals and rare earth minerals have the characteristics of small particles and complex intergrowths, which makes them difficult to find under a polarized microscope. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the forms of niobium and rare earth elements. METHODS: Electron probe backscatter image, energy spectrum analysis and electron probe spectrum quantitative analysis were used to analyze niobium and rare-earth ore. RESULTS: Niobium mainly existed in the form of niobite and niobium-bearing rutile. The average content of Nb2O5 in niobite was 78.26% and that in niobium-bearing rutile was 5.26%. Rare earth elements mainly existed in the form of monazite, bastnaite and bastnaesite. The average content of rare earth elements (REO) in monazite, bastnaite and bastnaesite was 64.84%, 57.52% and 70.61%, respectively. Niobium and rare-earth minerals were distributed and dispersed. They were mostly trapped in the gangue minerals such as potassium feldspar, calcite and biotite. CONCLUSIONS: The types and characteristics of the main niobium and rare earth minerals in the ore deposit were identified. This study has important guiding significance for the comprehensive utilization of niobium and rare earth deposits in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important economic tree species in China, tea trees play a critical role in promoting economic development. However, the expanding area of tea plantations in China over the recent years has reduced the biodiversity of the ecosystem and accelerated ecological problems. Identifying the spatial distribution of the tea plantation accurately is important for the monitoring of the tea plantation as well as the development of the tea industry. In this study, Wangzhai Town, located in the central of Wuyi County in Zhejiang Province, was chosen as the study area, and Gaofen-1 (GF-1) data on December 28, 2017, and all available Sentinel-2 data in 2017 were downloaded to study the tea plantations extraction method. The spectral and texture features of tea plantations are similar with crops on the high spatial resolution remote sensing image which results in the mixture of the tea plantations and crops. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series data can reflect the phenological changes of the tea trees and crops, which can be used to improve the separability of tea plantations and crops. In this study, a phenology-based approach was applied to the NDVI time series to distinguish tea plantations from crops by comparing the similarity of the seasonal changes of NDVI time series. Due to the influence of cloud and fog on the satellite image, the complete Sentinel-2 time series data is difficult to be obtained. Therefore, the high temporal resolution Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflection product (MCD43A4) in 2017 was used to reconstruct the complete Sentinel-2 NDVI time series data (5 m spatial resolution, 5 d temporal resolution) based on Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) spatial-temporal fusion algorithm. Then, the Dynamic Time Wraping (DTW) distance was calculated based on the DTW algorithm to characterize the similarity of NDVI time series between the tea plantation samples and other pixels to be classified. Combining the advantages of GF-1 in spatial details and the high temporal resolution of reconstructed Sentinel-2 NDVI time series in capturing the difference of growth process of tea trees, the tea plantation was identified based on random forest algorithm. Two identification schemes: 1) spectral and texture features based on GF-1; 2) spectral, texture features based on GF-1 and DTW distance were set up to investigate the impact of NDVI time series on the tea plantation identification. The results showed that: 1) the reconstructed NDVI time series data derived from MODIS and Sentinel-2 based on spatio-temporal fusion algorithm is able to capture the seasonal dynamics of different objects, and the DTW distance can capture the difference of NDVI time series data between crops and tea plantations and can be used for tea plantations extraction; 2) the accuracy、 error rate、precision、recall and F1score were 96.91%、3.09%、89.00%、83.09% and 0.86 respectively combining texture and spectral information of GF-1 and Sentinel-2 NDVI time series information, which were 94.72%、5.28%、73.09%、84.61% and 0.78 respectively without Sentinel-2 NDVI time series information. Overall, the results of combining GF-1 and Sentinel-2 time series data performed better than that only based on the spectral and texture features of GF-1. These results confirmed that combining high spatial resolution with high temporal resolution time series remote sensing data is an effective method to improve the identification accuracy of tea plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jianzha Basin is located in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, and contains a thick sequence of Cenozoic sediments, which is composed of the sequence of eolian red clay with a bit part fluviolacustrine deposits. The Jiarang section in Jianzha Basin is an ideal section for cyclostratigraphy, because of its high resolution on magnetostratigraphy and environmental magnetism. Based on the systematic cyclostratigraphy of 3 - 361 m sedimentary strata of Late Miocene in Jiarang section, the absolute astronomical time scale of Jiarang section was established, and the dominant period of earth orbital parameters affecting the paleoclimate evolution in Jianzha Basin was extracted, in order to provide basic data for the further comparison between land and sea, and the paleoclimatic and environmental evolution. The result of spectrum analyses of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (Xfd) in depth domain shows that there is a stable 26 m sedimentary cycle representing long eccentricity period in the 3 - 361 m interval, and the sedimentary cycles representing other astronomical orbital periods are also present, but not stable. Based on the identified sedimentary cycles, the long eccentricity period was used to tune frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility data series in depth domain of 3 - 361 m. Combined with the magnetostratigraphic chronological framework of Jiarang section, the absolute astronomical time scale of 11. 758 - 5. 890 Ma was established. The astronomical tuning for frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility data series in time domain is consistent with the paleomagnetic age, which indicates that the astronomical time scale is reliable. The spectrum analyses for frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility and marine oxygen isotope records show that there are obvious periodic shifts in about 7. 2 Ma. This record reveals that the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is dominated by 41 ka obliquity period before 7. 2 Ma, and controlled by 100 ka short eccentricity period after 7. 2 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncaria rhynchophylla contains large amount of alkaloids and abounds in natural resources, and has the function of heat-clearing for calming liver and wind-calming for calming frightened. In order to make clear the material basis of stems and leaves of U. rhynchophlla, in this paper, the chemical constituents of stems and leaves from U. rhynchophylla and their antitumor activities were studied. The extracts were isolated and purified by using silical gel, Sephadex LH-20, semi-HPLC, and the structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical property and spectrum analysis. The antitumor activities of chemical constituents against K562, HEL cell lines were assessed by MTT method. Seven compounds were isolated and identified from stems of U. rhynchophylla as 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenol(1),scutellarin(2), isohydrohydrogenine(3), dehydroramine(4), Vallesiachotamine(5), isorhynchophylline(6), rhynchophylline(7). Twelve compounds were isolated and identified from leaves of U. rhynchophylla as octadecanol(8), β-sitosterol(9), tridecanoicacid(10), 2-methyl-5,7-dihydroxy-chroone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), oleanolic acid(12), quercetin(13), ivy aglycone(14), kaempferol(15),(6R, 9R )-9-hydroxymegastigman-4-en-3-one(16), ursolic(17), epicatechin(18), emodin methylether(19). The results of antitumor activities were as follows:(1)Compounds 3 and 5 inhibited the activities of HEL cell lines, and IC50 values were 17.96 and 73.01 μg·mL-1; Compound 5 inhibited the activities of K562 cell lines, and IC50 values were 16.45 μg·mL-1, which indicate that some compounds from stems of U. rhynchophylla have certain antitumor activities.(2)Compounds 1, 8,10 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. This study shed the scientific light on reasonable utilization and sustainable development of plant resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the serious problem of tubing corrosion in huff and puff well, the corrosion. products of carbon dioxide stimulation wells were analyzed. The corrosion type of huff and puff oil well are determined as carbon dioxide corrosion. by using methods of microscopic morphology analysis. energy spectrum analysis. metallographic analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Basing on the study of corrosion law. a comprehensive corrosion prevention and control technology thought was put forward, which includes liquid corrosion inhibitor. solid corrosion inhibitor and other chemical corrosion protection technology as primary. deepening liner protection technology. sacrificial anode protection technology and tubing coating protection technology as auxiliary. The reasonable dosage concentration and dosage method of corrosion inhibitors were determined through experiments. Field tests were carried out in 69 wells, and the oil well lifetime has been extended from 260 days to 400 days, which verifies the effectiveness of the comprehensive corrosion prevention and control technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to extract the fault features of the main shaft bearing of turboshaft engines， and that the background noise has a large interference， an improved second-order cyclostationary blind deconvolution (CYCBD) method is proposed to extract the fault feature frequency under strong noise background. In this method， particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the filter length parameters for the CYCBD method. Firstly， the signal model is established based on the vibration characteristics of the fault bearing， and then the envelope spectrum fault feature ratio (FFR) is maximized by PSO algorithm. The optimal filter length parameter is input into the CYCBD method， and the envelope spectrum of the filtered signal is analyzed to extract the fault feature frequency. Finally， the proposed method is applied to the measured signal， and the efficiency and accuracy of fault feature extraction are improved compared with the traditional envelope spectrum analysis， which verifies the effectiveness of the method proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To summarize the dynamic changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology in drug resistant tuberculous meningitis (TBM), and to explore its value in drug resistance and efficacy evaluation of TBM. Methods Seventy-nine patients with TBM who were diagnosed and treated in Jiangxi Chest Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were included in this study. H(S)REZ(V) scheme [isoniazid (or streptomycin), rifampicin, ethambutol, plus pyrazinamide (or levofloxacin)] regimen was adopted before the return of drug sensitivity test results. After the return of results, individualized anti - tuberculosis regimen was formulated according to drug resistance. Results According to the drug sensitivity test results of CSF, 37 cases were drug resistant TBM, of which 29 cases (78.38%) were multidrug resistant. The drug resistance spectrum was isoniazid + rifampicin + streptomycin [35.14% (13/37)], isoniazid + rifampicin + streptomycin + fluoroquinolone [18.92% (7/37)], isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + streptomycin [16.22% (6/37)], isoniazid and rifampicin [10.81% each, (4/37)], Isoniazid + rifampicin, isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + streptomycin + fluoroquinolone, isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol + streptomycin + amikacin/capreomycin [2.70% each, (1/37)]. After 2 and 4 weeks of antituberculosis treatment, the number of nucleated cells in CSF of non drug resistant group (t = 5.050, P = 0.000; t = 11.100, P = 0.000) and neutrophil ratio (t = 15.268, P = 0.000; t = 17.048, P = 0.000) were lower than drug resistant group. CSF cytology showed that the drug resistant group showed mixed cell inflammatory reaction lasting more than 4 weeks, and the non drug resistant group transformed into significant lymphocyte reaction. After 6 months of follow-up, the total effective rate of drug resistant group was lower than that of non drug resistant group [45.71% (16/35) vs. 90% (36/40); χ² = 17.218, P = 0.000]. Conclusions The cytological characteristics of CSF in patients with TBM are mainly characterized by mixed cell inflammatory reaction in the early stage, the delayed mixed cell inflammatory reaction lasting more than 4 weeks during treatment is the characteristic of drug resistant TBM, which may be the basis for indicating that the treatment plan is invalid. When limited by the time limit and conditions of drug sensitivity test, monitoring the dynamic changes of CSF cytology may become an auxiliary judgment method for drug resistant TBM, which can provide reference for clinical efficacy evaluation and antituberculosis treatment plan adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy DZ444 specimens with different directions were selected. The crystal orientation and microstructure were characterized by electron back-scattered diffraction technique and so on. The longitudinal wave velocity and attenuation coefficient were analyzed by ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. Results show that the above two acoustic properties are anisotropic. With the included angle φ between the normal direction of the sheet plane and the solidified direction increases from 0° to 45° to 90°, the longitudinal wave velocity increases from 5533m/s to 6595m/s and then decreases to 5634m/s, while the attenuation coefficient shows a monotonic increment of 0.19dB/mm. Further spectrum analysis shows that the main frequency shift, amplitude shift and apparent integral reflection coefficient of the surface echo and the bottom echo present a similar trend with the attenuation coefficient. This is mainly resulted by the difference of microstructure and crystal orientation.

Precise irrigation has been a highly urgent need to realize a quick, accurate, and non-destructive acquisition for the distribution of moisture content in reclaimed soil, particularly in coal mining subsidence areas. Consequently, traditional measurement can be replaced with Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), a new type of near-earth microwave remote sensing with large-scale continuous detection, fast, non-destructive, and low-cost. GPR has also been widely used in the detection of water content in soil. However, GPR is rarely used in the detection of water content in reclaimed soil, due to the complex composition of reclaimed soil and the fast attenuation of electromagnetic waves in cohesive soil. Fortunately, spectrum analysis can convert the radar data (signal change) from the time domain to the frequency domain. Energy distribution of signal frequency can be used to alleviate a large wave speed error under different media. In this study, the soil of a subsided reclamation area in Huaibei City, Anhui Province of China was taken as the research object. A control group was set up in the surrounding normal areas. The Chirp-Z-transform (CZT) was used to find the characteristic frequency. Rayleigh scattering was selected to analyze the characteristic spectrum response of radar signals under volumetric water content in soil. Various regressions were used to establish inversion models of water cut. The results showed that the frequency of peak (FP) using the Rayleigh scattering had an excellent correlation with the volumetric water content of reclaimed soil, where the correlation coefficient reached 0.90, indicating that the radar signal FP was feasible to invert the soil volumetric water content of the reclaimed area. Moreover, the CZT effectively identified the characteristic frequency in a higher resolution without changing the original frequency spectrum. The correlation coefficient between FP and soil moisture content was improved from 0.77 to 0.93, compared with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). In addition, the spectrum of radar signal in the reclaimed area demonstrated a greater drift than that in the non-reclaimed area under the same change of water content. The bulk density was also one of the factors that affect the radar signal. The highest accuracy was achieved in the exponential regression, where the verification precisions were R2 =0.84, and RMSE=1.97%, showing that the frequency spectrum analysis was an effective way to invert the moisture content of cultivated soil. When large construction equipment was used to compact the reconstructed soil, there will be a larger influence on the distribution of soil moisture content and the fertility of reclaimed soil. The findings can provide an insightful theoretical basis and technical support for rapidly monitoring the soil quality and precision irrigation in reclaimed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively extract useful information from time series of the global naviga- tion satellite system(GNSS) sites, and improve the modeling accuracy of coordinate time series, this paper proposes a nonlinear motion modeling method combining wavelet decomposition and singular spectrum analysis. Experiments were carried out using global positioning system(GPS) vertical coordinate time series of 11 stations around the world from 1999 to 2018. Methods: Firstly, the coordinate time series is decom-posed into different scales by wavelet decomposition.And then the singular spectrum analysis(SSA) is per- formed on the high-frequency part and the low -frequency part of each layer. Finally, combine the fitting value that is the fitting coordinate time series, and the fitting effect of the new method was evaluated. Results: The results show that, compared with the simple singular spectrum analysis method, the new method can extract useful information such as trend and period more accurately from the limited scale of the time series with noise. And reduce the partial period items in the singular spectrum analysis method to some extent, for example, the seasonal period item and the monthly period item are regarded as the probability of noise rejec- tion, and the modeling accuracy is improved by 26%. Conclusions: The purpose is to propose a nonlinear motion modeling method based on wavelet decomposition and singular spectrum analysis, so as to improve the modeling accuracy of coordinate time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MODIS Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) has high spatial resolution but is easily affected by environmental factors such as clouds and rain,and its accuracy is not high.GNSS PWV has low spatial resolution but has advantages of all-weather,weather-free,and high accuracy.Previous researches have shown a significant linear correlation between the two.Combining the advantages of both,correcting MODIS PWV based on GNSS PWV data can obtain PWV for large area with high precision.Yet traditional linear regression correction model does not take into account the deterioration of the linear correlation due to influences from environmental factors such as clouds and aerosols.To address this,a non-linear term of Day of Year is added to traditional linear model thus construct a new correction model.The GNSS tropospheric delay and MODIS near-infrared data in Hong Kong during 2017-2019 are used to verify the proposed correction model,and the result of linear residual spectrum shows a significant annual cycle.Compared with traditional correction model,the new model is significantly improved in aspects of average absolute error,average relative error,root mean square error,and fitting,which verifies the new model in feasibility and accuracy for MODIS PWV correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the high-dimensional complex chaotic system in the chaotic ultra wideband signal can enhance the security of the signal,but reduce the easy implementation of the chaotic system.In view of the contradiction between the complexity and the easy realization of the chaotic system used in the chaotic ultra wideband(UWB),this paper designed a chaotic system with low dimension and easy to implement by using two one-dimensional chaotic maps with easy implementation based on chaos branch switching and embedding.Lyapunov exponent analysis shows that it is chaotic in a wide range of parameters.The analysis shows that the signal generated by the system cannot reflect the definite mapping relation,which not only increases the complexity of chaotic signal,but also makes the system easy to implement.The analysis also shows that this chaotic signal has good correlation.Therefore’ this paper also generated more secure chaotic time hopping UWB signal based on this chaotic system.At the same time,through the comparative analysis of the power spectrum of the chaotic UWB signal and the general pseudo-random time hopping UWB signal,it contains less discrete spectrum which can produce interference to other transmission systems,and also makes the chaotic UWB signal have more extensive application fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The proanthocyanidin (PC)-enhanced polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lysozyme (LZM) hydrogel (PEG-LZM-PC) was prepared based on PEG-LZM hydrogel by post-soaking with PC. The morphology, structure and mechanical properties of PEG-LZM-PC were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and universal testing instruments. Antibacterial ability of PEG-ZEM-PC was evaluated by plate coating method. The effect of PEG-LZM-PC on the expression of inflammatory factors in immune cells was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The results showed that the strength and toughness of PEG-LZM-PC were significantly improved compared with PEG-LZM; the antibacterial performance of PEG-LZM-PC in vivo and in vitro was pretty good; and the inflammatory response caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was inhibited by PEG-LZM-PC, which is expected to promote wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For traditional data fusion algorithms, the fusion performance of high-noise, large-scale and complex-structure time series data is poor. A hybrid neural network data fusion algorithm (i.e. the SCLG algorithm) was proposed to solve this problem. Firstly, the time series data were decomposed and reconstructed with the singular spectrum analysis algorithm to eliminate noise. Secondly, the spatial and short-term characteristics of the data were extracted by means of the deep convolutional neural network. Thirdly, the long short-term memory neural network and the gated recurrent unit neural network were introduced to extract data features in the time dimension. Finally, the fully connected layer was applied to integrate the main information and output the final decision. The experimental results from the SP&500 and AQI data sets show that, the proposed algorithm is superior to DCNN, CNN-LSTM and FDL in terms of fusion performance and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the blood cadmium concentrations and the related change in Chinese urban children derived from the China Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 and 2012(CNHS 2002 and CNHS 2012)., Methods: The Chinese urban children aged 6-11 years were selected according to gender, age and regional distribution using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, as well as the corresponding whole blood samples. The blood cadmium concentration was carefully determined by the quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and the percentage of blood cadmium over 2 μg/L was subsequently estimated. In addition, the upper limit values of the 95%CI of the 95th percentiles of available blood cadmium data was assessed as the threshold of cadmium exposure., Results: Totally, 2182 Chinese urban children were included, and of these, 1036 children were from the CNHS 2002 and 1146 children were from the CNHS 2012. From the CNHS 2002 to the CNHS 2012, the median blood cadmium concentration was increased from 0.28 μg/L to 0.95 μg/L, and the percentage of blood cadmium with over 2 μg/L was elevated from 1.45% to 10.47%. In addition, the new estimated threshold of blood cadmium was ascended from 1.24 μg/L up to 2.89 μg/L., Conclusion: The risk of cadmium exposure in Chinese urban children aged 6-11 years was increasingly aggravated from the CHNS 2002 to the CNHS 2012.

The occurrence and development of human diseases are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Research models that describe disease occurrence only from the perspective of genetics present certain limitations. In recent years, effects of environment factors on the occurrence and development of diseases have attracted extensive attentions. Exposomics focuses on the measurement of all exposure factors in an individual's life and how these factors are related to disease development. Exposomics provides new ideas to promote studies on the relationship between human health and environmental factors. Environmental exposures are characterized with different physical and chemical properties, as well as very low concentrations in vivo, which contribute great challenges in the comprehensive measurement of chemical residues in the human body. Chromatography-mass spectrometry-based technologies combine the high-efficiency separation ability of chromatography with the high resolution and sensitive detection characteristics of mass spectrometry; the combination of these techniques can achieve the high-coverage, high-throughput, and sensitive detection of environmental exposures, thus providing a powerful tool for measuring chemical exposures. Exposomics-analysis methods based on chromatography-mass spectrometry mainly include targeted quantitative analysis, suspect screening, and non-targeted screening. To explore the relationship between environmental exposure and the occurrence and development of diseases, researchers have developed research paradigms, including exposome wide association study, mixed-exposure study, exposomics and multi-omics (genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome)-association study, and so on. The emergence of these methods has brought about unprecedented developments in exposomics studies. In this manuscript, analytical methods based on chromatography-mass spectrometry, exposomics research paradigms, and their relevant prospects are reviewed.

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sizing of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for smoothing wind power fluctuations was studied in this paper. The goal of the proposed method is to find the optimal sizing of the battery and supercapacitor, and its meet the constraints of the power ramp rate constraint and the economic cost. Therefore, a power allocation strategy which based on the operating period of battery and the cutoff frequency of battery absorption power was proposed. The sizing optimization model, which considered the cost structure of HESS, the ESS characteristics and cycle life in different operating modes, is established by using minimum daily cost as objective function. The results of numerical example shows that the cycle life of ESS can be effectively extended with reasonable operating period of battery and the cutoff frequency of battery absorption power, the cost of HESS can be reduced.

The tire loaders produced by a certain unit are found abnormal noise when they are tested in the factory. Through the contrast,noise analysis and calculation of noise with and without abnormal sound loaders at different speeds,the cause of abnormal noise is detected,and the diagnosis opinions and suggestions are put forward so that the problems can be solved.

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the frequency characteristics of mining-induced microseismic signals in hard rock mines, spectrum analysis combined with energy spectral density method was used to analyze the vibration signals generated by microseismic activities during mining, and the energy distribution of microseismic signals induced by hard rock bodies was obtained. The results showed that the attenuation of the microseismic wave propagation affected the change of the energy proportion in each frequency interval. As the propagation distance increased, the energy proportion in the low frequency region increased and the energy proportion in the middle and high frequency regions decreased. As the wave propagated to about 200 m. the frequency interval with higher energy proportions changed significantly. In the wave propagation range of 200 to 500 m. the frequency range with high energy proportion was mainly in the range of 20 -- 40 Hz,and the interval did not change much and was relatively stable. Using the frequency characteristics of the microseismic wave propagation process induced by the hard rock mining mentioned above has certain reference value for improving the identification of microseismic events induced by the hard rock body and the filtering of the focal mechanism calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat and bone meal can be widely used as an important protein feed raw material in breeding industry, because of its high content of protein and biological value. However, the feed safety issues occurred frequently around the world, such as mad cow disease and sheep pruritus. There is an urgent need to develop an identification technology with a simple, reliable, reasonable, and efficient way to distinguish the specific species of meat and bone meal. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics methods were used to establish a systematic approach for the identification of species in meat and bone meal. The proposed method was based on the difference in Raman spectral characteristics of bone protein. This is due mainly to the composition and structure of bone proteins vary with species, while the bone protein was also the dominated component of meat and bone meal. A total of 87 source-reliable samples of meat and bone meal were analyzed, including 23 porcine, 22 poultry, 20 bovine, and 22 ovine in the measurement. Given the extraction procedures of proteins were complex, the bone protein was enriched via the extracting bone particles, and then ground into powder. All the powdered bone particles were scanned by the Raman spectrometer from 400 to 3 600 cm-1, where the Raman characteristics of bone protein, including 3200-2800, 1800-1200 cm-1, and 900-800 cm-1, were selected for further analysis. A three-step protocol was established for discriminant analysis combined with partial least squares method. The first model was used for the identification of poultry and mammal (porcine, bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal, where six latent variables were selected to establish the partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The specific fingerprint characteristic bands were at 1659, 2930, 2852, 1246 cm-1, and 1455 cm-1, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of discriminant models were achieved at 100%, indicating that the PLS-DA discriminant analysis model based on the Raman characteristic band of bone protein can be well suited to distinguish poultry and mammal (porcine, bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal. The second model was used for the identification of non-ruminant (porcine) and ruminant (bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal, where ten latent variables were selected to establish a PLS-DA model according to the Raman characteristic bands of bone protein. The fingerprint characteristic bands were located at 2852, 1659 cm-1, and 1246 cm-1, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of discriminant model can also be 100%, indicating that the PLS-DA discriminant analysis model can be used to well distinguish non-ruminant (porcine) and ruminant (bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal. The third model was used for the identification of bovine and ovine meat and bone meal, where eleven latent variables were selected to establish a PLS-DA model. Their fingerprint characteristic bands were at 878, 853, 2930, 2852, 1246, 1455 cm-1, and 1659 cm-1, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of discriminant model can be obtained over 93.8%, indicating that the PLS-DA discriminant analysis model can be used to well distinguish bovine and ovine meat and bone meal. The findings can be contributed much to the rapid development of a portable Raman spectrometer system for species-specific identification of meat and bone meal in feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hyperspectral reflectance can be expected as an alternative method to quickly predict the concentration of heavy metals in soil at present. However, excessive band counting of hyperspectral data can lead to information redundancy during the quantitative inversion of surface parameters, and thereby to make it difficult to extract valid data from the spectrum. In this study, two aspects were addressed to solve spectral redundancy during the inversion of Pb content in soil: One is to extract the characteristics of iron oxides from the soil spectrum, according to the adsorption mechanism of Pb element in soil, in order to reduce data redundancy, while enhance the mechanism of inversion. Another is to propose an Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA), in order to deal with the premature convergence of traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA), further to improve the extracting ability of algorithm for the required spectrum. Taking the Xiong’an New Area near Beijing, a national new-district in China, as the research region, the field experiment was carried out to quickly collect the Pb content of soil in the farmland, resulting from the rapid construction and developing facilities in recent years. 70 soil samples from the Xiong’an farmland were selected to establish the inversion model of Pb content. SVC HR1024I type ground object spectrometer was used to measure the raw hyperspectral reflectance of soil samples according to the national standard procedure in field farmland. After that, the collected soil samples were transferred to the laboratory for chemical analysis, particularly for the Pb content. Before modeling, the methods, including Savitzky-Golay filter, envelope removal and first-order difference, were used to pretreat with segmented the curves of soil reflectance. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) was selected to serve as inversion model, in order to well deal with the strong correlation between hyperspectral bands. The models were also constructed in terms of full spectrum and characteristic bands of iron oxides, to verify the effectiveness of extracting method from characteristic bands of iron oxides during the inversion process. In full spectrum, the average values of R2, RPD, RMSE in the IGA-PLSR models were 0.440, 1.366, and 4.012 mg/kg, respectively. In the characteristic bands of iron oxides, the average values of R2, RPD, RMSE in the IGA-PLSR models were 0.822, 2.377, and 2.221 mg/kg, respectively. It infers that the models using the characteristic bands of iron oxides were much better than those using the full spectrum, indicating that the extraction for the characteristic bands of iron oxides can be contributed to reduce the redundancy of spectral information, and thereby to significantly improve the accuracy of the inversion model. Consequently, a final inversion model was selected from the optimal model for the improvement of inversion algorithm, based on the utilization of the characteristic bands of iron oxides to construct the GA-PLSR and IGA-PLSR models with different iterations. In the GA-PLSR models, the average values of R2, RPD, RMSE in the optimal model were 0.788, 2.140, and 2.447 mg/kg, respectively, whereas, the IGA-PLSR model achieved the highest accuracy, where the average values of R², RPD, RMSE were 0.837, 2.403, and 2.063 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the optimal model of IGA-PLSR was chosen to estimate the Pb content in soil for the Xiong’an farmland area. The IGA-PLSR method has demonstrated better performance in the inversion of Pb content in soil, indicating that the proposed method was valid to improve genetic algorithm. At last, a visualized profile can be conducted for the changes of RMSE during the 1000 iterations of two models. The visualization revealed that the RMSE in the GA-PLSR model decreased monotonously during the operation process, whereas, the RMSE in the IGA-PLSR model fluctuated greatly at the beginning of the iteration, showing a certain probability to jump out from the local solution area to a better solution area at the later stage, while meaning that the problem of “premature convergence” was solved properly. This study revealed that two aspects, including the extraction of iron oxides spectral features associated with Pb absorption, and the improved algorithm of bands selection, both can be used to enhance the accuracy of Pb content estimation in soil. The proposed algorithm can provide a sound reference to real-time monitor the variation of heavy metal content in soil for Xiong’an area, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tobacco extract has good insecticidal activity. In order to improve the stability of tobacco extract, microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation with tobacco extract as the core material and gelatin and gum arabic as the wall material. The preparation method of microcapsules was optimized by the response surface method with the embedding rate as the evaluation index. The surface morphology, the particle size measurement, the infrared spectrum analysis, the thermal stability analysis and the indoor virulence determination of microcapsules were carried out. The results showed the highest embedding rate of 58.93% was obtained when the following conditions were used: emulsifier mass fraction 4%, gelatin mass fraction 2.05%, gum arabic mass fraction 3%, wall core mass ratio 1.34 : 1.00 and complex coacervation reaction time of 36 min. The actual embedding rate of microcapsules under these conditions was 58.42% ± 0.12%, which was close to the theoretical value. The microcapsules prepared by this model exhibted smooth surface, good capsule genicity with the particle size distribution of 4.72-17.05 μm and median diameter of 8.63 μm.Infrared characteristic peaks of tobacco extracts were preserved at 877.55 cm−1 and 2 922.13 cm−1. Microencapsulation can improve the thermal stability of tobacco extract. Indoor virulence test showed that the LC50 value of tobacco extract microcapsules was 20.19 mg/mL, which was equivalent to the virulence level of the tobacco extract, indicating that microencapsulation didn’t reduce the insecticidal effect of tobacco extracts. To conclude, the present study can provide a reference for the optimization of tobacco extract microcapsules preparation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study on chemical constituents and bioactivity of Larix gmelinii needles, separation and purification of ethyl acetate extract from Larix gmelinii needles were carried out by silica gel column chromatography，semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography，and re-crystallization. The structures of isolated compounds wrere identified by analysis of spectra of MS，NMR，and compared wdth the reported conferences. The antibacterial activity of the extract ■was also tested. The results 'were as follo'ws: Compounds 1-15 wrere isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and identified as Larixol ( 1)，( 2R)-5, 4,-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-methoxy flavone ( 2 ), 2', 4,-dihydroxy-4, 6,-dimethoxydihydro- chalcone (3) , 2,,4-dihydroxy-4,,6,-dimethoxy-chalcone (4) , 2,,4,-dihydroxy-4,6,-dimethoxy-chalcone (5) , isorham- netin (6)，4'，5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-methyl flavone (7)， kaempferol (8)， p-sitosterol (9)， stigmasterol (10)， daucosterol (11)，vanillic acid (12)，hydroxyl-benzoic acid (13)， dimethyl - matairesinol (14)，and 15-nonacosanol (15). Compounds 2，4，5，and 7 were isolated from the genus Pinus for the first time. The result of antibacterial activity indicated that the inhibition rates of ethyl acetate extract to Escherichia coli，Bacillus subtilis，B. cereus，and Staphylococcus aureus were 55%-70%，53%-72%，61%-71%，33%-65%，respectively，at the concentration range of 5-100 mg • mL 1. The results of this study wall provide a theoretical basis for further study on the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Larix gmelinii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing can obtain high-resolution images at low cost and high efficiency. However, there is rare research on the use of UAV remote sensing images to extract information from impervious surfaces. The difficulty of the research lies in that for the high-resolution UAV red-green-blue images, there is currently not an exclusive impervious surface index that can be applied to the extraction of impervious surface information. To address this problem, this study established the green-blue spectral feature space in the blue and green bands of the visible-bands. Under this spectral feature space, the green-blue impervious surface index was proposed to effectively separate soil-vegetation pixels and impervious surface pixels. The process of constructing the index was as follows. Firstly, the feature points were divided into impervious surface points and pervious surface points in the green-blue spectral feature space. Secondly, the least-squares fitting was conducted on the impervious surface points and the previous surface points. Then, the impervious surface line and the soil line were obtained, and a reference line was constructed between the two straight lines. Finally, the distance from the feature point to the reference line was used as the expression of the index. To verify the accuracy of the difference between the green-blue impervious surface index and other impervious surface indexes applied to satellite remote sensing images, comparison and analysis were performed on the extraction of the impervious surface by perpendicular impervious index, ratio resident-area index and green-blue impervious surface index. At the same time, the experiment was conducted using the UAV orthophoto image data of Hongya county in Meishan city to extract the impervious surface. The analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the green-blue impervious surface index on the extraction of the impervious surface information in the UAV remote sensing image. The experimental results showed that: 1) The green-blue impervious surface index constructed the blue and green bands as the feature space had the same accuracy as the perpendicular impervious index and ratio resident-area index based on the blue and near-infrared bands in terms of the impervious surface extraction, and the overall accuracy reached over 94%. 2) The green-blue impervious surface index showed strong applicability and replaced the indexes like perpendicular impervious index, ratio resident-area index and biophysical composition index in the images lacking near-infrared, mid-infrared, and thermal-infrared bands. The green-blue impervious surface index was used as a remote sensing index to extract visible-bands on the impervious surfaces. 3) As a visible light wave impervious surface extraction index used in UAV remote sensing, the green-blue impervious surface index could not only effectively distinguish between soil and impervious surfaces, but also utilized the characteristics of easy-to-obtain terrain features by UAV remote sensing. For the problem of misclassification, the overall accuracy of the extraction results by the green-blue impervious surface index reached 96.95%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.936 1. The green-blue impervious surface index constructed based on the green-blue spectral feature space effectively separated soil pixels and extracted high-precision urban impervious surfaces from UAV remote sensing images. For satellite imagery, the existing impervious surface index had a good performance in extracting the surfaces, while the proposed green-blue impervious surface index was more suitable for UAV remote sensing. At present, extracting urban impervious surfaces from UAV remote sensing images has gradually become an important application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposed a new speech concealment algorithm for many speech concealment algorithms with small hidden capacity and bad transparency. Firstly, it compressed and encoded the concealed information by G. 729A, and then applied the lifting wavelet transform and singular spectrum analysis to the audio information hiding. Experiments show that the audio file embedded in the hidden information by the algorithm not only has a significant improvement in the hidden information capacity, but also has good transparency, and can also resist certain attacks. The algorithm in concealed capacity, transparency and robustness reaches a better balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Fuzhou University is the property of Journal of Fuzhou University, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)