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Copyright of Reviews of Geophysics & Planetary Physics is the property of Editorial Office of Reviews of Geophysics & Planetary Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, with continuous social and economic development, there has been an increase in the scale of reservoir impoundment and underground industrial development activities. Consequently, induced or triggered seismicity is increasing, resulting in escalating damage losses. Therefore, the impact of industrial production behaviors on regional seismicity and the safe implementation of industrial production without causing earthquakes are important topics being discussed and closely monitored by the public and scientific research community. In this paper, we provide an overview of induced or triggered earthquakes, both domestic and international, and explore their causative mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the methods commonly used to study induced or triggered earthquakes in academia, beginning with the governing equations. With the ongoing development of science and technology, numerical simulation will present unique advantages and become an important scientific tool for studying induced or triggered earthquakes. To date, both domestic and foreign researchers have conducted meaningful studies on induced earthquakes using numerical simulation methods. The physical mechanisms that trigger earthquakes will gradually be revealed, and measures for prevention and control will be improved. This work will effectively reduce the hazards caused by industrial production and other activities, thereby reducing the risk of triggering major earthquakes. However, there are still many challenges in numerical earthquake prediction. It not only requires a flawless physical mechanism and advanced calculation methods but also necessitates comprehensive observation and the establishment of an industrial production system.

T-stress is one of the necessary physical quantities to characterize the stress field at the crack tip, and the properties of J-integral under its action remain to be investigated. The expression of J-integral considering T-stress was derived in this paper. The numerical simulation method was used to verify the expression under mode I, mode II and mixed mode I+II loading conditions, and a calculation method of crack tip stress field parameters based on J-integral was given. The theoretical derivation proves that the path conservation of the J1-integral is not affected by T-stress, but the value of the J2-integral meets the linear relationship with the square root of the distance from the start and end point of the integral path to the crack tip, and the coefficient of J2-r curve is related to T-stress. The finite element simulation results show that the crack length of the specimen has a significant effect on the J-integral, while the mesh size has a small effect on the J-integral calculation results. Under the same loading condition, J-integral values of different sizes specimens are different, but the trend of J2-r curve change is consistent with the expression derived from theory. Under mode II and mixed mode I+II loading conditions, the solving accuracy of T-stress is high, while under mode I loading conditions, J2 ≈ 0, the solving accuracy is reduced due to factors such as rounding error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the theory of Darcy, s law and solute transport, this paper took a ground water-sealed oil depot project on a certain island as the engineering support and conducted numerical simulation research using COMSOL finite element software to analyze the variations in seepage field in caverns under different design schemes. The water-sealed safety of the cavern was evaluated. The development degree of seawater intrusion in the reservoir area was explored. The research indicated that the project required the installation of a horizontal water curtain, and the design pressure value of the horizontal water curtain should not be less than 0.2 MPa. The variation in the depth of the main cavern had a small impact on the water seal, and the recommended buried depth was -45 m. When the main carvern was fully excavated without oil storage, seawater would intrude into the caverns, with seawater intrusion showing a pattern of rapid intrusion followed by gradual intrusion, entering from the bottom of the main cavern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Petrochemical Universities / Shiyou Huagong Gaodeng Xuexiao Xuebao is the property of Journal Editorial Department Of Liaoning Shihua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The borehole transient electromagnetic method is used to detect the long-range water-bearing bodies around the borehole wall by using the advanced water exploration borehole in the heading roadway, which avoids the “one’s opinion in one hole” because the normal logging methods can only detect the rock layer of the borehole wall. At present, because of the whole space effect, the current borehole transient electromagnetic method cannot distinguish the orientation of abnormal bodies by the received single-component response, and it can approximate the orientation of abnormal bodies by multi-component response, but it is difficult to precisely locate and interpret the profiles by the visual and effective means such as imaging. Based on the theory of borehole transient electromagnetic method and azimuthal electromagnetic logging, this paper proposes a borehole transient electromagnetic positioning method with azimuthal coil scanning detection. The azimuth coil is used as the detection device to reduce the mutual inductance of the coil and enhance the detection effect of the borehole transient electromagnetic method. At the same time, by changing the rotation angle of the coil, the borehole wall is scanned by 360° to form a radial all-round detection of the borehole, aiming at a precise localization and profile interpretation of low-resistance abnormal bodies in the rock mass at the periphery of the borehole wall. Firstly, the authors derive an analytical expression for the mutual inductance of an azimuth coil, discuss the effect of azimuth angle on azimuth coil mutual inductance, and determine the optimum azimuth angle by numerical calculation. Secondly, a full-space 3D geological-geophysical model of the borehole with homogeneous medium and low-resistance abnormal bodies are established respectively and the numerical simulation of transient electromagnetic field is carried out. The multi-component response characteristics of the azimuthal coil scanning detection transient electromagnetic response are analyzed, and the law of transient electromagnetic response of azimuthal coil scanning detection is summarized, and the borehole transient electromagnetic positioning method with azimuthal coil scanning detection is determined. Namely, through the transient electromagnetic response characteristics of the axial and radial directions of the borehole, the position of the low-resistance abnormal bodies in the rock body at the periphery of the borehole wall is determined. Finally, by establishing the geological-geophysical model with two low-resistance bodies and using azimuth coils set to the best azimuth angle for numerical experiments, it is verified that the method can intuitively and effectively determine the orientation of low resistance abnormal bodies. The study shows that the azimuth coil scanning detection results of the borehole transient electromagnetic method can better reflect the transient electromagnetic field anomaly caused by the low-resistance abnormal bodies in the rock body at the periphery of the borehole wall, and the resolution of the full-space apparent resistivity imaging results is high. Based on the transient electromagnetic response characteristics of the axial and radial directions of the borehole, the borehole transient electromagnetic positioning method with azimuthal coil scanning detection has a high resolution and localization accuracy for the low-resistance abnormal bodies in the rock body at the periphery of the borehole wall. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of the borehole transient electromagnetic positioning method with azimuthal coil scanning detection.

To study the stability of open-air slope with fault under seepage, this paper uses FLAC3D numerical simulation technology to establish a mechanical model of the sliding body under fault action, and deduce the expression of the stability coefficient of the longitudinal slope, to simulate the stability of the slope with fault under seepage action. The results show that the sensitivity analysis is carried out on four influencing factors such as elastic modulus of rock mass strength, cohesion, internal friction Angle, and tensile strength of rock mass. By analyzing the displacement, stress, strain and safety factor of slope under different working conditions of these four factors, the sensitivity analysis curve of each parameter is obtained. It can be seen from the sensitivity analysis curve that the cohesion of rock mass has the greatest influence on the slope stability, and the elastic modulus has the least influence on the slope stability. The main influencing factors of slope stability are different at different excavation stages. In the early stage of excavation, the main factor affecting slope stability is fault, which gradually changes to seepage in the later stage. This study provides a scientific basis for the future analysis of open-pit slope stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the background of global warming, extreme flood disasters occur frequently, with a particularly significant impact on Xinjiang, which is located in arid and semi-arid regions. The risk of flood disasters in this region is significantly increased. In order to improve the flood disaster response capacity of Xinjiang Province, reduce losses caused by flood disasters, and provide an example for rivers in arid areas to respond to flood disasters, this paper selects Kushan River in Xinjiang to carry out flood process simulation research. Kushan River is located at the western edge of Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, which is a typical river in arid inland areas. This paper constructs a flood analysis and calculation model for the Kushan River, determines the key parameters and boundary conditions of the model. A typical flood is selected to validate the constructed model, and four indicators, absolute error (AE), relative error (RE), determination coefficient (R2), and Nash coefficient (NSE), are selected for model evaluation. The calculation results show that the average absolute error of water depth is 24.1 cm, the relative error is 24%, and the determination coefficient is 0.66. The Nash coefficient of flow is 0.86, and the determination coefficient reaches 0.97, indicating that the constructed model and parameter settings have high accuracy. Using high-precision river terrain, flood disaster risk survey results, remote sensing information, a basin data base is established to calculate the flood progression, inundation range, water depth distribution, and inundation duration of the Kushan River under five typical frequencies of 10 year, 20 year, 50 year, 100 year, and 200 year, achieving large-scale simulation of flood routing in arid areas of the entire basin. The research results can provide a technical basis for flood risk analysis of rivers in arid inland areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preferential flow during on-farm irrigation management can reduce water and fertilizer use efficiency and exacerbate the risk of groundwater contamination. Based on potassium iodide-starch dye tracing experiment, this paper analyzes the soil water distribution characteristics under surface irrigation DM, micro-sprinkler irrigation WP1 (20 mm/h), irrigation WP2 (40 mm/h) treatments, verifies the validity of dual-permeability model based on principle of water volume balance, and uses four levels of antecedent water content ( 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 cm3/cm3) with five levels of irrigation intensity (12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0, 60.0 mm/h) in a rotating combination design for application analysis. The results show that water infiltrated in the form of uniform matrix flow in WP1 and WP2 treatments as a whole; the soil profile staining area under DM treatment can be clearly divided into substrate flow area (0~6.9 cm) and preferential flow area (>6.9 cm) in the vertical direction. In addition, the matrix flow depth and irrigation uniformity under DM treatment are significantly (P<0.05) smaller than those under WP1 and WP2 treatments, while their the fraction of preferential flow and wetting front curvature are highly significantly larger (P< 0.01) than those under WP1 and WP2 treatments, which indicates that surface irrigation can activate more preferential flow paths, increase the degree of preferential flow development and spatial heterogeneity, and reduce irrigation quality. The dual-permeability model based on principle of water volume balance can effectively predict the trends of matrix flow depth and soil profile staining area ratio under different irrigation intensities (R2=0.927 6, NSE=0.884 4, RSR=0.023 0), and the simulation results of the rotational combination design of antecedent volumetric water content and irrigation intensity show that increasing irrigation intensity or decreasing antecedent water content will increase the degree of preferential flow and reduce irrigation quality. Therefore, this paper recommend using "high-frequency, low-flow" irrigation mode in irrigation management to reduce the reduction of water and fertilizer use efficiency due to priority flow. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for irrigation decision, and the experimental data can provide important data support for the optimization and validation of the preferential flow model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard & Control is the property of China Institute of Geological Environmental Monitoring (CIGEM) Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Functional Polymers is the property of Journal of Functional Polymers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sewage treatment is one of the main contents of environmental protection, so it is very important to provide a theoretical basis for sewage treatment through the analysis of the mechanism. Based on the classical material conservation mathematical model of microorganism and substrate, this paper analyzed the existence and stability of each equilibrium point of the model by calculating the Jacobian matrix of the model, and gave the sufficient conditions to make the stability of the equilibrium point of the model. The numerical simulation method is used to effectively verify the analysis results. In order to improve the effect of sewage treatment, we put forward some suggestions on the setting of relevant parameters in the sewage treatment process from the perspective of mathematical analysis, and verified the correctness of the suggestions by numerical simulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inhomogeneity of the lake and land underlying surfaces has large influences on the development and evolution of severe convective weather. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and its area exhibits distinct monthly and seasonal variations. However, the underlying surface of the lake in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is usually assumed to be constant, which is different from the real situation and leads to model forecast errors. In this paper, the WRFV3.9 model was used to simulate a severe convective weather event that occurred over the Poyang Lake region during a summer night. Lake area sensitivity experiments were conducted to analyze the influence of Poyang Lake on the development and evolution of severe convective weather and its mechanism. The results showed that the 2 m temperature over the lake surface was significantly higher than that over the land surface during summer night. The land breeze converged and rose over the lake region, while there was a sinking and divergent airflow over the shore, which caused precipitation to decrease over the west bank of the lake but increased over the lake. The subsequent lake-removing sensitivity experiment further confirmed the warming effect of Poyang Lake. Poyang Lake could inhibit precipitation occurred over the west bank of the lake and intensify precipitation over the lake by stimulating the secondary circulation of land-breeze. The precipitation of the lake-removing experiment increased by 20% over the west side of the lake, and decreased by 16% over the lake, suggesting the impact of the lake on precipitation intensity. In addition, it was found that the precipitation over the lake increased by 7%, 16%, 30% and 43% in the lake-expanding sensitivity experiments, where the lake area was expanded by 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4 times, respectively, further confirming the sensitivity of severe convection intensity to the area of Poyang Lake. These results indicated that attention should be paid to the possible trend of convections weakening (enhancing) before (after) entering the Poyang Lake region during summer nights. Meanwhile, when a numerical model was used to simulate the severe convection weather, the real lake area could be introduced into the underlying surface of the model when the real lake area differed greatly from the default climatic value used in the numerical model, to improve the forecasting capability for severe convective weather occurring over lake regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractured soft and low permeability coalbed is commonly developed in China, which restricts the increase of single well gas production and industrial development of coalbed methane (CBM). Indirect fracturing is a kind of fracturing method to communicate with coal seams by creating vertical fractures in the neighboring layers and thus achieve effective coal seam transformation, which can solve disadvantages such as drilling collapse, coal dust production, fracturing fluid filtration loss and thin coal seam thickness. In this paper, physical simulation experiments and extended finite element numerical simulation analysis of indirect fracturing are used to reveal the factors influencing the fracture expansion of indirect fracturing in the coal seam roof and to clarify the fracture expansion mechanism in order to provide guidance for indirect fracturing technology. The indirect fracturing experiments under the influence of direct fracturing of coal seam and different fracture initiation location, vertical stress and construction displacement show that high fracture initiation pressure is more likely to produce long fractures, and the influence of primary fractures is significantly reduced; however, the farther the fracture initiation point is from the coal seam, the more energy is required for fracture initiation, and high fracture pressure will cause crushing damage to the coal seam; under large construction displacement, the fracture initiation pressure is correspondingly increased, the fracture initiation time becomes shorter, and the influence of primary fractures becomes smaller. The degree of impact of primary fracture becomes smaller. Under the condition of model parameter setting in this paper，the numerical simulation results considering the parameters of ground stress, fracture initiation location, rock mechanics and construction displacement show that the maximum horizontal principal stress and vertical stress difference is 3 MPa, and the combination of coal and roof elastic modulus difference

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The constructional safety of bridge foundation under wave condition is related to the stability of bridge construction and needs to be paid enough attention. In this paper, the numerical models of wave acting on bridge foundations with the same wave area and four different sections of circular, round-end, rectangular and polygonal are established using numerical simulation based on the improved RNG κ-ε Model. The VOF method is used to simulate the free surface. The force differences are compared and analyzed with three-dimensional flow field data. The results indicate that under the same wave condition, the total horizontal wave force of circular structure is the smallest and that of the rectangular structure is the largest with the amplitude about 10% larger than that of the circular structure. Under the action of wave, the flow will be bypassed around the foundation, which will increase the flow velocity at part of the structure and cause concentration of flow velocity. This phenomenon is most prominent around rectangular structure, similar to that of polygonal structure, while the flow velocity concentration of circular and roundend structure is relatively weaker. Compared with the numerical simulation results, the wave force of the equivalent cylinder calculated according to the code is 23% ~ 29% larger, and the wave force calculated according to the equivalent square cylinder is 10% ~ 13% larger. From the perspective of engineering design, the use of circular arc structure design is conducive to reducing the wave load and weakening the increase and the concentration of flow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave impact is a strongly nonlinear interaction between waves and structures, and its load usually has the characteristics of a large peak value and short duration. In recent years, the extreme environment has frequently led to severe wave impacts on marine structures, resulting in loss of life and property, thus making the issue of wave impact become a great concern. For the complicated impact process, the theoretical analysis and model experiments can only provide simplified analytical solution and limited information on the slamming flow field. Therefore, numerical simulation has gradually become an effective means to study the issue of wave impact. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a large number of numerical investigations on the load characteristics of wave impact, impact process, and its influencing factors on marine structures, gaining numerous important research conclusions. In this paper, the current progress, existing methods, and important conclusions of the numerical study of wave impact on marine structures are reviewed, which can provide useful references for further research on the numerical simulation of wave impact.

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the volume of fluid multiphase flow model and the overset mesh technique, a numerical method for an asynchronous parallel oblique water-entry super-cavitating projectile was established. Experimental studies of the oblique water-entry of a high-speed single-launch projectile were carried out to validate the viability of the numerical method. The paper performed the numerical simulations and analyses of cavity evolution and motion characteristics of the front and rear projectiles in different initial intervals and in two sequences of top-side water-entry projectile first and bottom-side water-entry projectile first. The results show that when the initial interval of the first launch projectile is 0.5 time the projectile length, the first launch projectile cannot produce a cavity to completely encapsulate the projectile due to the violent squeezing of the following launch projectile cavity, and its movement is seriously affected and eventually loses its trajectory stability. At the same time, the first launch projectile that enters water from top side is squeezed to a larger degree than the one from bottom side, and the wetting phenomenon occurs earlier and loses stability faster. As the initial interval increases, the influence of the following launch projectile cavity near the first launch projectile is weakened, and the first launch projectile in both water entry sequences move steadily. For the following launch projectile, due to the continuous influence of the first launch projectile cavity, its cavity is always asymmetrical, and its motion stability is affected. The following launch projectile deflects to the inner side and destabilizes when the initial interval is 0.5 times the projectile length. When the initial interval is 1 time the projectile length, it moves steadily. It deflects to the outer side and destabilizes when the initial interval is 2 and 3 times the projectile length. In addition, the motion characteristics of the following launch projectile are basically identical in two water-entry sequences.

The steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident is one of the design basis accidents of lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). In the event of such an accident, a subcooled water jet is generated in the lead pool of primary circuit, which forms a complicated distribution of the liquid metal-gas two-phase flow. The detection of the two-phase interface and migration of steam bubbles is an significant part of reactor safety analysis. Due to the opacity, corrosiveness, high temperature of liquid metal, and the current limitations of measurement methods involving liquid metal-gas two-phase flow, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated wire-mesh sensor (WMS) based on electrical principles was proposed in this paper. The sensor could achieve the image of the liquid metal-gas two-phase distribution inside the flow channel, while preventing the corrosion failure of the sensor. Based on the COMSOL software, a numerical model of the DLC coated WMS was established. Selecting the materials of two phases as liquid GaInSn alloy and air, the simulation of the electric field in the liquid metal environment containing a single bubble was performed, and an electric signal value matrix representing the liquid metal-gas two-phase was output. The signal matrix was further normalized through the linear relation to obtain the two-phase distribution image, which verified the application feasibility of the coated WMS in liquid metal. In addition, a prototype of the DLC coated WMS was manufactured, and the numerical simulation results were experimentally validated in order to demonstrate the rationality of the numerical model. Furthermore, the influence of different structural parameters on the measurement accuracy of coated WMS was studied in detail by changing the transverse interval, axial interval, electrode diameter, coat thickness, and the size of air bubble. The simulation results show that the electric field distribution in the liquid metal-gas two-phase environment differs significantly from that in conventional fluid medias such as water-gas due to the high relative permittivity of liquid metal. On the other hand, considering the resolution of the WMS and the phenomenon of electric signal crosstalk, the transverse interval of electrode should be selected between 2-3 mm, and the axial interval should be selected between 1.5-2 mm to achieve high measurement accuracy. The coat thickness and electrode diameter have little influence on the measurement accuracy, but to reduce the intrusion effect of the WMS, the electrode diameter should be selected between 0.4-0.5 mm and the coat thickness should not exceed half of the electrode radius. This study could guide the practical application of DLC coated WMS in the liquid metal-gas two-phase environment and provide a technical basis for the analysis of multi-phase distribution under SGTR accidents.

The sediment-carrying capacity is reduced due to the rise of water level and the reduction of velocity, which leads to sedimentation in the reservoir, especially in front of the dam. Therefore, the storage capacity, flood control ability, and power generation are reduced, which affects reservoir functions and economic efficiency owing to reservoir sedimentation. The main measures to solve the problem of reservoir sedimentation include dredging in reservoir, reducing inflow sediment realized by soil protection and vegetation, as well as reservoir operation management such as "storing clear water and discharging muddy flow", and sediment discharging by heterogeneous flow, etc. In this paper, a normal funnel device with the smooth surface that has arbitrary order derivative is designed for discharging sediment in reservoir. The Euler two-phase flow near the normal funnel is numerically simulated with the Realizable k-e turbulence model on rectangle and O-type grids. Numerical model is tested by data on experiment flow that carried out in flume. The flow velocities, vorticities and sediment phase concentrations are analyzed under different boundary conditions. Research shows that velocity gradient is large in normal funnel, and phase concentration contours display the V-shaped asymmetrical distribution. Three large vorticity areas appear in the front edge, the left and right rear sides of the normal funnel. The large flow velocities and small resistance appear near the wall of the normal funnel. The average sediment concentrations at the output of the normal funnel are 0.462, 0.521 and 0.558 under three boundary conditions. The average vorticity is reduced by 25.8%-27.2%, the efficiency of discharging sediment remarkably increases with 15.2%-16.5% in contrast to the cone funnel. It demonstrates that the normal funnel is more favorable than the cone to smoothing flow, reducing energy dissipation, enhancing the capacity of sediment transport and discharging sediment outwards reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Large Electric Machine & Hydraulic Turbine is the property of Large Electric Machine & Hydraulic Turbine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Large Electric Machine & Hydraulic Turbine is the property of Large Electric Machine & Hydraulic Turbine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Metal Working (1674-165X) is the property of Metal Working Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problems ol slow filling elliciency and low and unstable sand discharge concentration in the traditional vertical sand silo working mode, a continuous high-concentration and stable sand discharge working mode is proposed, and the maintenance ol sand storage height is the key to this working mode. In this paper, the centrilugal test is used to investigate the lunctional relationship between the underllow concentration and the sand storage height, and then the static settlement test is used to obtain the feeding parameters, and the hydro dynamic software is used to simulate and analyze the sand storage process ol the vertical sand storage,to verily the feasibility ol the functional relationship, and the dynamic mesh technology is used to simulate and monitor the sand discharge concentration, overllow concentration and sand surlace height change ol sand discharge process with dilierent storage heights, and to investigate the optimal sand storage height, and to provide a comprehensive solution to the problem. The simulated monitoring ol sand discharge concentration and sand surlace height changes during sand discharge at dillerent storage heights using dynamic grid technology is used to comprehensively investigate the optimal sand storage height, which provides an important reference lor the study ol continuous sand discharge Irom vertical sand silo. The results show that:there is no significant dillerence between the numerical simulation and the lunctional relationship, and the lunctional relationship between the underllow concentration and the sand storage height is feasible； 11. 8m is the optimal sand storage height lor the vertical sand silo to continuously discharge sand with high concentration and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research and application of assembled bridge deck system is helpful to further promote the level of industrial construction of railway bridges. In order to evaluate the safety, rationality and feasibility of the design and fabrication process of the new type of integral bridge deck accessory structure, according to the stress response and failure mode of the prefabricated bridge deck accessory protective wall structure under horizontal load, the design and manufacture of full-scale model, test scheme design and whole process failure test were carried out and compared with finite element simulation analysis. The stress characteristics, deformation law and bearing capacity of each member and connecting member were obtained. The results show that the bearing capacity of the protective wall during the measured failure is 1.65 times of the design value, and the fabricated protective wall of the ancillary facilities on the bridge deck can meet the design requirements and has a good degree of safety, which ensures the operation safety of the high-speed railway bridge. At the same time, the simulation method of the protective wall of the precast bridge deck ancillary facilities based on the ABAQUS platform is obtained, the maximum deviation of the peak value is less than 0.7%, and the maximum deviation of the loading process is less than 2.8%, which verifies the effectiveness of the simulation method proposed in this paper, and shows that the finite element model can accurately predict the actual stress state of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Erzhuangke landslide is a typical landslide affected by the rainy season. Rainfall changes the seepage pattern with the pre-existing landslide, weakening matric suction and soil shear strength, leading to the formation of tension cracks internally. This triggers overall sliding and localized extensive deformations. Existing studies seldom considers the interaction between the seepage field and stress field of the Erzhuangke landslide. Therefore, based on the actual engineering geological disaster scenarios, supported by on-site monitoring data and terrain physical parameters, a geometric computational model is established, and hydraulic coupled numerical simulations are conducted. By investigating variations in saturation and pore pressure within the landslide, the paper explores the rainfall infiltration patterns. It examines the impact of rainfall intensity on landslide reactivation from the perspective of stress displacement. In addition, in order to validate the accuracy and feasibility of the method, selected measurement points from the landslide are matched with corresponding positions in the numerical model. Comparative analysis is performed on displacement, soil pressure, and saturation aspects, confirming that the numerical model effectively reflects the actual situation. Through coupling numerical simulations and the study of the reactivation mechanism of the old landslide under rainfall conditions, the paper interprets field data, analyzes the reactivation process, and provides theoretical foundations and technical guidance for subsequent engineering early warning and disaster mitigation works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology is the property of Journal of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To achieve CFD numerical simulation of the intake difference between cylinders in the two- stroke ignition intake pipe EFI kerosene engine, Fluent builds a one-dimensional simulation model and a three-dimensional simulation model of the prototype by GT-power. By setting up the crankcase agitation area and the cylinder scavenging area, this paper analyzes the gas flow process in the flow field of the two parts. The results show the fresh charge and kerosene mass entering the left cylinder scavenging channel reach 102.27 mg and 16.59 mg respectively whereas the fresh charge and kerosene mass entering the right cylinder scavenging channel stand at 107.03 mg and 21.01 mg respectively. The unevenness of crankcase distribution is 2.27%, of air intake of the whole machine is 1.48% while the diiference of cylinder scavenging is 1.6%. In conclusion, the crankshaft agitation causes larger mixture mass and concentration into the right cylinder and therefore the uneven distribution of the crankcase is largely responsible for affecting the uneven intake of the whole machine. It is also found that the smaller-sized injection particles not only improve the scavenging efficiency, but also optimize the diiference between the two cylinders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]