【Objective】The present paper aimed to evaluate the effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer during Chinese milk vetch returning on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of rice, to explore the potential of chemical nitrogen replacement in crop rotation of Chinese milk vetch and rice, so as to provide a scientific foundation for the production of high-quality rice.【Method】Based on years of positioning tests, a control group of no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) was used, and six treatments were set up, including conventional nitrogen application (100%N), Chinese milk vetch combined with 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% nitrogen application (marked as MV+100%N, MV+80%N, MV+60%N, MV+40%N) and no application of nitrogen fertilizer (control group, CK). Rice photosynthetic characteristics of chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) were measured during the heading stage, and rice quality was measured during the harvest stage.【Result】In comparison to CK, a combination of 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% nitrogen fertilizer applied to returning Chinese milk vetch could significantly increase the SPAD value, Pn, and Gs of rice (P<0.05, the same as below). The increases were 3.53%-7.29%, 10.98%-16.43% and 4.88%-14.63%, respectively. Rice yield and protein content were also significantly increased by 24.01%-41.85% and 7.38%-18.17%, respectively. Compared with conventional N application (100%N), the SPAD value and Pn of MV+100%N treatment were significantly higher than those of 100%N treatment. However, there were no significant differences in SPAD value, Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr in MV+80%N, MV+60%N and 100%N treatment (P>0.05, the same as below). In terms of rice yield and traits, yield of MV+100%N, MV+80%N and MV+60%N treatment increased by 12.06%, 7.72% and 6.64% compared with 100%N treatment, but the yield, effective spikes, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate had no significant difference with 100%N treatment. In terms of quality characteristics, there were no significant differences in milling quality, appearance quality, nutritional quality of MV+100%N, MV+80%N, MV+60%N and 100%N treatments. However, the cooking quality of MV+80%N and MV+60%N treatments were significantly improved compared with 100%N treatments. The results of correlation analysis showed that returning Chinese milk vetch could improve rice yield trait through increasing SPAD value, Pn and Gs, thus, improving rice milling quality, cooking quality and nutrition quality.【Conclusion】Chinese milk vetch combined with 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% nitrogen application can significantly improve photosynthetic indexes and increase rice yield SPAD value, Pn and Gs. Chinese milk vetch combined with 80% and 60% nitrogen application can also improve the milling quality, cooking quality and nutrition quality of rice, thus providing reference for high quality rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]