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Objective：To investigate the effect of gonadotropin ⁃ releasing hormone agonist（GnRH ⁃ a）trigger on the laboratory technical indicators of embryos during natural cycle in vitro fertilization（IVF）in patients with diminished ovarian reserve（DOR). Methods：A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of patients with DOR who underwent natural IVF cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1, 2018 to April 30, 2023. According to whether the GnRH⁃a trigger was used, the patients were divided into the trigger group and the non⁃trigger group, with 300 cycles in the trigger group and 47 cycles in the non⁃trigger group. A 1∶3 propensity score matching（PSM） was performed to compare the total number of oocytes retrieved, transferable embryos, high⁃quality embryos normal fertilization rate, oocyte utilization rate, high⁃quality embryos rate, and non⁃retrieved oocytes rate between the two groups. Results：A total of 165 cycles were included the（46 cycles in the non⁃trigger group and 119 cycles in the trigger group）after PSM, and the high⁃quality embryo rate in the trigger group was higher than that in the non⁃trigger group（61.1% vs. 35.0%, P=0.045). There were no significant differences in the total number of oocytes retrieved, the number of transferable embryos, the number of high⁃quality embryos, the normal fertilization rate, the oocyte utilization rate, and the non⁃retrieved oocyte rate between the two groups（all P > 0.05). Conclusion：The use of GnRH⁃a trigger during the natural cycle can improve the rate of high⁃quality embryos in patients with DOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) supplementation on the clinical outcomes in non-diminished ovarian reserve(DOR) patients with previous in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) failure. Methods: It was a retrospective, self-controlled study. The clinical outcomes of the first and se cond IVF/ICSI cycle in 174 non-DOR patients undergoing the second IVF/ICSI cycle with GH supplement, from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2021 in our center, were analyzed. Results: The gonadotropin(Gn) dosage per day, number of oocytes retrieved, 2PN cleavage rate, high-quality embryo rate, embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly increased, and Gn duration were significantly decreased in the GH group compared with control group(P＜0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate was not affected by the ovarian stimulation protocol, while the differences of Gn dosage, endometrial thickness, fertilization rate and abortion rate were not statistically significant (all P＞0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the antral follicle count (AFC), clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the ＜35 years group were higher than those in the ≥35 years group (all P＜0.05)，while there were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), basic follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Gn duration and dosage, endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, 2PN cleavage rate, high -quality embryo rate, embryo implantation rate and abortion rate between the two groups(all P＞0.05). Conclusions: GH supplementation can improve the ovarian function and response, and clinical outcome for those non-DOR patients with previous IVF/ ICSI failure, especially for young patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Laboratory Animal & Comparative Medicine is the property of Laboratory Animal & Comparative Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of HE’ s Yangchao Granule(HSYC) combined with acupuncture for infertile patients with diminished ovarian reserve ( DOR) with kidney deficiency syndrome. MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. A total of 120 infertile patients with DOR with kidney deficiency syndrome were randomly assigned into the HSYC+sham-acupuncture group, placebo+acupuncture group, HSYC+acupuncture group, and placebo+shamacupuncture group at a 1 ∶1 ∶1 ∶1 ratio, with 30 patients each group. One menstrual cycle was one course of treatment, and all participants received three courses of treatment and were followed for an additional three months. Before and after each treatment course, anti-Müllerian hormone ( AMH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), and the value of FSH/luteinizing hormone(LH) were measured on the second or third day of menstruation through blood tests. Meanwhile, the antral follicle count(AFC) was examined by ultrasound. Before and after each treatment course, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score and menstrual blood loss map score were calculated on the fifth day of menstruation. Besides, the pregnancy condition was followed three months after treatment. ResultsAfter three courses of treatment, compared with the placebo+sham-acupuncture group, AMH was increased (P<0. 05), AFC was increased (P <0. 05), FSH and FSH/ LH were decreased(P <0. 05) in the HSYC+acupuncture group. After three courses of treatment, compared with the placebo + sham-acupuncture group, the menstrual blood loss map score was increased (P<0. 05), and the TCM syndrome score was decreased (P<0. 05) in the HSYC+acupuncture, placebo+acupuncture, and HSYC+sham-acupuncture group. ConclusionThe combination of HSYC and acupuncture, or acupuncture, or HSYC has a certain effect on improving the TCM symptoms and menstrual blood volume of infertile patients with DOR with kidney deficiency syndrome. The combination of HSYC and acupuncture can significantly increase the level of AMH, reduce the level of FSH and the value of FSH/LH, and increase AFC of infertile patients with DOR with kidney deficiency syndrome, which is better than the effects of HSYC or acupuncture treatment alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with kidney-tonifying herbs in the treatment of diminished ovarian reserve ( DOR) with kidney-essence deficiency syndrome, and its effect on the oxidative stress of follicular fluid and the mitochondrial activity of ovarian granulosa cells in patients with DOR. Methods　Sixty DOR infertility patients with kidneyessence deficiency syndrome who were treated with assisted reproductive technology at Hebei Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute and Hebei Reproductive and Gynecology Hospital from March 2018 to December 2019 were included as the observation objects. The patients were classified into the control group and observation group by random envelope, with 30 cases per group. The control group was treated with the conventional controlled ovarian hyperstimulation technique, while the observation group was treated with acupuncture and moxibustion combined with kidney-tonifying herbs on the basis of the control group. Acupuncture and moxibustion were performed once a week, with no acupuncture or moxibustion and no medication during menstruation. The patients were subjected to continuous treatment for three menstrual cycles, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, excellent embryo rate, cancellation rate of transplantation, and clinical pregnancy rate were observed and compared between the two groups. On the day of serum human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG) injection, the levels of serum estradiol and progesterone were detected. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the follicular fluid, as well as the mitochondrial activity in ovarian granulosa cells were detected in the laboratory. Results 　There was no significant change in TCM syndrome scores in the control group before and after treatment. Compared with the control group after treatment, the TCM syndrome scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the TCM syndrome scores in the observation group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0. 05). In the observation group, the excellent embryo rate increased, and the cancellation rate of transplantation decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and clinical pregnancy rate in the observation group compared with those in the control group. The levels of serum estradiol and progesterone in the observation group were higher than those in the control group on the day of hCG injection (P<0. 01). Compared with the control group, the content of GSH-Px in the follicular fluid in the observation group was increased(P<0. 05), the levels of SOD, CAT and MDA were not significantly different, and the mitochondrial activity of ovarian granulosa cells was enhanced (P < 0. 05). Conclusion　Acupuncture and moxibustion combined with kidney-tonifying herbs can improve the symptoms of kidney deficiency in DOR patients with kidney-essence deficiency syndrome, and can also effectively increase the levels of serum estradiol and progesterone on the day of hCG injection, increase the excellent embryo rate, and reduce the cancellation rate of transplantation. The mechanism may be related to the enhancement of follicular fluid GSH-Px activity and the enhancement of mitochondrial activity of ovarian granulosa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning is the property of Editorial Board of the Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the optimal preparation method of bisphenol A (BPA) -induced diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) rat models, and to clarify the attributes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes. Methods Eighteen clean female SD rats aged 3 and 6 months with regular estrous cycle were selected and were randomly divided into the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose BPA groups. The rats in the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose BPA groups were given 50，100，and 200 mg/kg BPA mixed suspension orally, once a day until they showed unregular estrous cycles. The general performance and vaginal smear were observed everyday. The estrous cycle of rats was observed by vaginal smear; the abdominal aortic blood of rats was collected, and serum was separated. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin-B (INHB) were detected by ELISA. We took bilateral ovaries, observed the morphology of ovarian tissues, and calculated the proportion of follicles at all levels and the ovarian index. We chose the model preparation method used in the group which had the most significant change of the indexes as the best method. The 18 successful model rats were randomly divided into the control group, Yougui pill group, and Yangjingzhongyu decoction group, with 6 in each. The model rats in the control group， Yougui pill group and Yangjingzhongyu decoction group were given distilled water, Yougui pill for treatment of kidny-yang deficiency, and Yangjingzhongyu decoction for kidny-yin deficiency by 1 mL/100 g body weight, for 2 consecutive weeks， respectively. The changes of estrous cycle, symptoms of kidney-yang deficiency, ovarian tissue morphology, ovarian index, proportion of follicles at all levels, serum hormone, INHB and AMH levels were compared between these two groups. Results All model rats in the BPA groups aged 3 and 6 months had reduced activity and liked to crouch and bunch. The disturbance time of estrous cycles of model rats aged 3 month in the medium-dose BPA group was significant shorter as compared with that of the other groups, and they showed decreased levels of AMH and primordial follicles and increased atretic follicles. Therefore, the preparation method in the 3-month-old rat model of the medium-dose BPA group was the best method. One rat in the Yangjingzhongyu decoction group and 5 rats in Yougui pill group resumed regular estrous cycle while all rats in the control group continued to be in disorder. The number of regular estrus cycle recovery in the Yougui pill group （5）was higher than that in the control group（0）and Yangjingzhongyu decoction group (1), while the symptom of kidneyyang deficiency improved more significantly. The ovaries of rats in the control group were pale, small and hard, while those of the Yougui pill group were bigger and ruddy. The ovaries of Yougui pill group had good elasticity and multiple growth follicles on the surface. There were fewer follicles on the ovarian surface and poor elasticity in the rats of Yangjingzhongyu decoction group. Compared with the other two groups, the Yougui pill group had higher proportion of primordium follicle, lower atresia follicle, and higher AMH level (all P<0. 05). Conclusions The DOR animal models can be successfully prepared by intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg BPA in 3-month clean SD rats. The attribute of TCM syndrome of the rat models is kidney-yang deficiency by means of syndrome differentiation through formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the association between idiopathic diminished ovarian reserve and thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). Methods After excluding the patients with known causes compromising diminished ovarian reserve (iatrogenic, genetic and other autoimmune diseases other than TAI), 348 eligible patients with detections of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid per⁃ oxidase antibody (TPOAB) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAB)on the same day were enrolled. These patients were then divided into two groups according to AMH value：the diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) group and the normal ovarian re⁃ serve (NOR)group. The levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies, and the prevalence of hypothyroidism and thyroglobulin autoantibody (TPOAb and TGAb) were compared between the DOR group and NOR group. According to the age, the patients were divided into three different age groups of low childbearing age (21-30 years), middle childbearing age (31- 35 years), and high childbearing age (36-40 years). The differences in the above indicators were compared between the two groups of different childbearing age groups. Results For the whole study population, no significant differences were found in the levels of thyroid hormones, antibodies or the prevalence of hypothyroidism and positive antithyroid antibody between the DOR group and NOR group (all P>0. 05). After age stratification, in the middle childbearing age group, the level of TSH in the DOR group was lower than that in the NOR group, and the positive rate of TPOAb was higher (both P< 0. 05). The effect of TPOAb positivity on ovarian reserve had statistical difference after adjusting for age and TSH level in the binary Logistic regression model (OR=3. 387, P<0. 05). Conclusion In the middle childbearing age group (31-35 years old), idiopathic DOR is related to high TPOAb positive rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of Zishen Tiaochong method and growth hormone on outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) at different age. METHODS: Pregnancy outcomes of 217 patients with DOR undergoing IVF-ET in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, including 105 patients < 35 years old and 112 patients ≥35 years old. All patients were on antagonist regimens and were on the first cycle of superovulation. In each age group, according to different pretreatment methods, all patients were divided into the traditional Chinese medicine group, the GH group and the control group. The traditional Chinese medicine group was given intervention of Zishen Tiaochong method, the GH group was pretreated with GH, and the control group was not pretreated with TCM or GH. Differences in clinical and laboratory indexes and pregnancy outcomes were observed in the three groups within the two age groups. RESULTS: There was no significant change in ovarian response and clinical outcome in patients with DOR aged <35 years old after GH intervention. The thickness of intrauterine membrane on the day of transplantation, number of harvested eggs and two prokaryotes (2PN) fertilization rate of the traditional Chinese medicine group were slightly higher than those of the GH group and the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). For patients with DOR aged ≥35 years old, the total application time and total dose of Gonadotropin (Gn) in the CH group were significantly lower than those in the traditional Chinese medicine group and the control group; the optimal embryo rate in the GH group was significantly higher than that in the traditional Chinese medicine group and the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). Regardless of patients aged ≥35 years old or aged <35 years old, the endometrial thickness of patients in the traditional Chinese medicine group was the lowest during menstruation, which was significantly different from the GH group and the control group (P<0. 05). Within the two age groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the implantation rate, pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate in the traditional Chinese medicine group, CH group and the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention of GH in the elderly (≥35 years old) patients with DOR can improve the ovarian reactivity to a certain extent, while Zishen Tiaochong method is more effective in younger (< 35 years old) patients with DOR, and Zishen Tiaochong method can promote the endometrium spallation during menstruation and increase the endometrium thickness on the day of transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analysis the modeling characteristics of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) animal models, and provide the reference for the standardization of DOR animal models. Methods The research articles on DOR animal models were retrieved. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used to summarize the experimental animal species, modeling methods, modeling cycles, high-frequency detection indexes and types of positive drugs documented in the literature, and the data results were evaluated and analyzed by NoteExpress software. Results A total of 93 research articles on DOR that met the criteria were enrolled. And it was found that, SD rat was the most frequently used animal type (68 times, 73.12%), followed by C57BL/6 mouse (13 times, 13.98%), while the tripterygium wilfordii treatment was the most frequently used modeling method (38 times, 40.86%), followed by the cyclophosphamide treatment (28 times, 30.11%) for DOR animal models. The high frequency detection indicators were vaginal exfoliation cytology detection (93 times, 23.97%) and HE staining to observe histopathological changes (72 times, 18.56%). Among these 64 research articles containing positive control drugs, the most frequently used western drug was estrogen (50 times,62.50%) and Chinese Traditional medicine was Kuntai capsules (2 times, 2.50%). Conclusions SD rats are mostly used to induce modeling in animal experiments on DOR through tripterygium wilfordii and cyclophosphamide, which can effectively improve the experimental efficiency. It is recommended to integrate the results of ovarian histopathology and serum biochemical indexes for model assessment.