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Based on the survey data of hydropower immigrants in Yantan, Guangxi, the combination empowerment method and Topsis model are used to quantify the sustainable livelihoods composed of three abilities, and variance analysis is used to explore the impact of follow-up supports and their specific measures on the sustainable livelihoods for the overall and three types of immigrant households in order to evaluate the effectiveness. The results show that the overall sustainable livelihood level of immigrant households is lower than the medium level, and the sustainable livelihood level of non-poor households, general poverty alleviation households and low-income poverty alleviation households decreases successively. Comprehensive assistance has significantly improved the sustainable livelihoods of overall immigrant households. The involvement of specific measures has different effects on the sustainable livelihoods for different immigrant households, among which education and training have significant effects on the improvement of the sustainable livelihoods of three types of immigrant households. The number of measures involved has a significant impact on the sustainable livelihoods of non-poor households and low-income poverty-stricken households, but has no meaningful impact on ordinary poverty-stricken households. This paper expands the research methods in the field of of evaluating the effectiveness of follow-up support for immigrants, which can provide a basis for accurately and efficiently promoting immigrants support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) is the property of South China University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sichuan Mental Health is the property of Sichuan Mental Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering is the property of Journal of Railway Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Slope stability is very important for open pit mine engineering. In order to further study the sensitivity of the influencing factors of slope stability in a mine in Yunnan, this paper accurately determines the four factors that have the greatest impact on the slope stability of the mine according to the field exploration and rock mechanics laboratory tests. Then, the test group is designed by an orthogonal test, and then the slope safety factor is calculated based on the strength reduction method. Finally, the range analysis method and variance analysis method are used to compare and verify the experimental results, which fully guarantees the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis. The final results show that the four factors have a significant impact on the slope of the mine. The sensitivity of the influencing factors of the slope stability of the mine from large to small is cohesion > horizontal seismic acceleration > internal friction angle > final slope angle; The order of sensitivity obtained by range analysis and variance analysis is consistent, which can be checked mutually. This study can provide reference for the design and reinforcement of similar open pit mine slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the relationship between maize rhizosphere soil and maize growth and development under different continuous cropping years, and discuss the effects of continuous cropping on the growth and development of maize and the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil.【Method】The agronomic characters of maize, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the enzyme activities of maize were measured in Xinglong Village, Shajing Town, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, respectively for 1, 5, 11, 25 and 50 years of continuous cropping. The variance analysis of the experimental data was carried out using SPSS22.0 software.【Result】Hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased first and then increased with the extension of continuous cropping years, and available phosphorus, available potassium and pH increased first and then decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years; The activities of S-SC, S-UE, S-AKP/ALP and S-CAT in the rhizosphere soil of maize under different continuous cropping years were significantly different, all of which increased first and then decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years; The effects of continuous cropping on the aboveground biological characteristics of maize were significantly different. Among them, the growth of maize in rotation for one year was relatively uniform, and the chlorophyll content was high. The photosynthesis of maize in continuous cropping for 11 years was the strongest, the root system was well developed, the hairy root was long, and the distribution was uniform on the main root; Soil available phosphorus, available potassium, weak alkaline soil, S-AKP/ALP and S-SC could promote the root development of maize.【Conclusion】Continuous cropping leads to the decline of corn agronomic traits, the loss of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the enrichment of hydrolytic nitrogen, and the acidification of the soil. Soil available phosphorus, available potassium, weak alkaline soil, S-AKP/ALP and S-SC can promote the development of maize roots. The increase of hydrolytic nitrogen, soil urease （S-UE） and soil catalase （S-CAT） was not conducive to maize root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is an important scientific problem to analyze visual information represented by action potentials (spike) of brain neurons . Reconstruction of visual stimuli by spike signals is an important approach to solve this problem. This paper provided a method to reconstruct visual stimuli from spike signals of neurons. This experiment adopted five kinds of character images under four color backgrounds to stimulate the pigeons, and then extracted the fi ring rate characteristics of spike signals from the optic tectum ( OT) neurons. And this experiment constructed a linear inverse filter and a random forest reconstruction model and optimized the model parameters to reconstruct characters images under diffe rent color backgrounds. And this paper analyzed the effect of background color on reconstruction results. The results show that under optimal parameter, the average reconstruction accuracy of character images in white, red, green and blue backgrounds using the linear inverse filter model is 0. 9225 ± 0. 0268,0. 9027 ±0. 0204, 0. 9358 ±0. 0235,and the average reconstruction accuracy of character images using the random forest model is 0. 9499 ± 0. 0255,0. 9228 ± 0. 0303,0. 9472 ± 0. 0239, and 0. 7913 ± 0. 0255 . The analysis of variance shows that there is no significant difference in the image reconstruction results of white, red, and green backgrounds, but the image reconstruction results of the three colors backgrounds are significantly different from the reconstruction results of the blue background image . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the orthogonal design and its quantitative data analysis of variance and the SAS implementation. From the perspective of degrees of freedom， the orthogonal design could be divided into the saturated orthogonal design and the unsaturated orthogonal design. From the perspective of the number of factor levels， the orthogonal design could be divided into the same level orthogonal design and the mixed level orthogonal design. From the perspective of normalization， the orthogonal design could also be divided into the standard orthogonal design and the non-standard orthogonal design. Quantitative data from the standard orthogonal designs could be analyzed by the conventional methods， while quantitative data from the non-standard orthogonal designs needed to be improved. Based on three examples， this paper realized the quantitative data analysis of variance with the standard orthogonal design without repeated experiments and with repeated experiments by means of the SAS software.

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the nested design and its quantitative data analysis of variance and the SAS implementation. If one of the following two characteristics existed in a specific experimental study， a nested design could be considered to arrange the experiment. Firstly， there was a nested relationship between factors in natural attributes. Secondly， with professional knowledge as the basis， the impact of each factor on the quantitative observation results was divided into primary and secondary. The first feature mentioned above meant that the factors related to the subjects had the conditions for grouping and regrouping. The second feature mentioned above meant that the status of each factor was unequal. In the variance analysis of quantitative data， the calculation formulas of variable error mean square was required to use. Based on four examples and with the help of the SAS software， this paper implemented the univariate analysis of variance for the quantitative data of the nested design， and gave the detailed explanations for the output results of SAS software.

The purpose of the paper was to introduce the calculation formulas and the SAS implementation of the analysis of variance for the quantitative data of the crossover design. In the calculation， three test statistics were involved， namely Ftreatment， Fstage and Findividual. They were three test statistics used to evaluate the statistical significance of the effect of the treatment factor， the stage factor， and the individual factor on the quantitative outcome variable， respectively. In general， it was assumed that there was no or negligible interaction among the three factors in a crossover design， so there was no need to evaluate whether the interaction term was statistically significant. With the help of SAS software， this paper conducted the univariate analysis of variance for the quantitative data of crossover designs for three examples of 2×2 crossover design， 3×3 crossover design and three-stage crossover design， and presented the calculation results and drew the statistical and professional conclusions.

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the model， calculation formulas and the SAS implementation of the univariate analysis of variance for the quantitative data with randomized complete block design. In the calculation， two test statistics were involved， namely FA and FB. Among them， the subscript "A" represented the experimental factor， and the subscript "B" represented the block factor （i.e.， the important non-experimental factor）. In general， it was assumed that there was no or negligible interaction between the two factors in a randomized block design， so there was no need to assess whether the interaction term was statistically significant. Therefore， it was not necessary to do repeated experiments under each combination of two factors. With the help of SAS software， this paper conducted the analysis of variance for the quantitative data with randomized complete block design for two instances without and with repeated experiments， gave the calculation results， and made the statistical and professional conclusions.

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the model， calculation formulas and the SAS implementation of the analysis of variance for the quantitative data with balanced incomplete block design. In the calculation， two test statistics were involved， namely FA and FB. Among them， the subscript "A" represented the experimental factor， and the subscript "B" represented the block factor B （i.e.， the important non-experimental factor）. In general， it was assumed that there was no or negligible interaction between the two factors in a balanced incomplete block design， so there was no need to evaluate whether the interaction term was statistically significant. Therefore， it was not necessary to do repeated experiments under each combination of two factors. With the help of SAS software， this paper conducted the analysis of variance for the quantitative data with balanced incomplete block design on two examples， and presented the calculation results and made the statistical and professional conclusions.

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the prerequisites， basic ideas， calculation formulas and the SAS implementation of a single-factor multi-level design quantitative data univariate analysis of variance. The prerequisites included the independence， normality and homogeneity of variance. The core of the basic idea was the decomposition of the sum of squares of the total deviations for the mean. The test statistic F was constructed through the between-group mean square divided by the within-group （or called error） mean square. The result of analysis of variance was a general evaluation of the difference among all means of a factor with the whole levels. When it was found that the difference among all means of the factor was statistically significant， a specific approach needed to be adopted for the multiple comparisons about the multiple means of the factor. With the help of the SAS software， the paper performed the analysis of variances for two examples， and used three approaches to make the multiple comparisons among all means of a factor in one of the examples.

The purpose of the paper was to introduce the test for homoscedasticity and the SAS implementation. The test of homogeneity of variance could be divided into the following three categories， ①analysis of variance directly based on comparison of variances， ②analysis of variance based on mean comparison was adopted for the new data from the variable transformation of the original data， ③the method of the χ2 test was used to analyze the quantitative raw data which followed the normal distribution. In the first category， a test statistic that followed the F distribution was constructed directly based on the variance ratio of the two samples. In the second category， there were a variety of different variable transformation approaches for the original data， and the new data after the transformation， which was viewed as the univariate quantitative data collected from a single-factor with multi-level design， was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. In the third category， the χ2 test statistic was constructed for quantitative data that followed the normal distribution. The paper was based on SAS software to test the homogeneity of variances of three examples， and explained the output results.

The purpose of the paper was to introduce the multiple comparison method among multiple means and the SAS implementation. The multiple comparison approaches could be subdivided into the pairwise comparisons， the comparisons of all treatment groups with a control group， the comparisons of the mean of each treatment group with the average of all groups， the approximate and simulation-based approach， the multi-stage testing and Bayesian method. Except for the Bayesian approach， the difference between other multiple comparison methods lied in the types of error that were controlled. Error types could be roughly divided into the following three categories， the comparisonwise error rate， the experimentwise error rate and the maximum experimentwise error rate. The multiple comparison methods constructed based on the control of different error rates were not all the same in the strength of inference to draw conclusions. This paper used the SAS software to analyze the examples and explained the output results.

Copyright of Journal Of Sichuan University (Natural Sciences Division) / Sichuan Daxue Xuebao-Ziran Kexueban is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the genetic structure and variation of four Channa argus populations and three Albino Channa argus populations from different geographical locations. [Method] The DNA of 350 individuals in all populations was detected by 20 pairs of microsatellite primers. The polymorphism and genetic diversity of all microsatellite markers were analyzed. [Result] All 20 pairs of microsatellite primers detected a total of 356 alleles, the number of alleles (Na）ranged from 4 to 40, with an average of 17.8 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was between 0.000 to 0.791, and the mean value was 0.578.The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.31 to 0.91, with an average value of 0.732.The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.271 to 0.901, and the average value was 0.700, the Na, Ho, He, and PIC of all the Channa argus populations were higher than those of the Albino Channa argus populations. The genetic differentiation index(FST) of the seven populations ranged from 0.07 876 to 0.40 303, and the genetic differentiation among all populations reached significant level (P<0.05). We divided four Channa argus populations and three Albino Channa argus populations into two groups by molecular variance analysis (AMOVA）, and found that the genetic variation of these groups was mainly from within individuals, accounting for 69.65% of the total genetic variation. The UPGMA hylogenetic tree showed that the Albino Channa argus and Channa argus were clustered into two independent clades. [Conclusion] In this study, the genetic diversity of four Channa argus populations was higher than three Albino Channa argus populations, the protection of genetic diversity of the three populations should be strengthened to avoid inbreeding. This study provides a theoretical basis for the protection and comprehensive utilization of genetic resources of Channa argus and Albino Channa argus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective]The present paper aimed to understand the cold tolerance of sugarcane main parents and the change characteristics of cold tolerance evaluation related traits, and to provide reference for breeding cold tolerance sugarcane varieties and reducing the harm of frost to sugarcane production. [Method] A total of 102 parents were selected for natural frost test in 5 crops consisted of two plant cane( 2017P and 2019P) and 3-year ratoon crops(2018F, 2019S and 2020F) during 2017-2020 in Zizhong, Sichuan, a frost prone area. The correlation analysis, variance analysis, calculation of broad sense heritability and cluster classification were processed. [Result] It was found that there were differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments, and ratoon cane was more vulnerable than plant cane. The damaged traits were significantly ( P < 0. 05 ) correlated with some agronomic characters under cold or light frost. The performance of damaged traits was affected by parent, year and their interaction. The damage rate of plant was a high heritability trait, which can be used to evaluate cold tolerance under cold and light frost. The damage rate of stalk length and internode were medium heritability traits, which were less affected by low temperature environments, and can be used to evaluate cold tolerance, and the damage rate of internode was slightly better than that of stalk length. The percentage of green leaves varies greatly among years, which can be used for cold tolerance evaluation under light or moderate frost. The percentage of parental variance decreased, and the heritability also decreased when combined data from different trials were used for variance analysis. Cluster classification showed that trials plant crops in 2017 and 2019 were not suitable for the evaluation of cold tolerance of parents. Among the tested parents, 58. 89% of the parents were identified as good or better cold tolerance and 23. 53 % as poor or poorer.[Conclusion] There are differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments, and the cold tolerance of sugarcane belongs to medium to high heritability. The traits that can be used for cold tolerance evaluation are affected by the degree of low temperature. Mild and severe low temperature stress should be set for indoor cold tolerance test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multistage sampling is a frequently-used method in random sampling survey in public health. Clustering or independence between observations often exists in the sampling, often called complex sample, generated by multistage sampling. Sampling error may be underestimated and the probability of type I error may be increased if the multistage sample design was not taken into consideration in analysis. As variance (error) estimator in complex sample is often complicated, statistical software usually adopt ultimate cluster variance estimate (UCVE) to approximate the estimation, which simply assume that the sample comes from one-stage sampling. However, with increased sampling fraction of primary sampling unit, contribution from subsequent sampling stages is no more trivial, and the ultimate cluster variance estimate may, therefore, lead to invalid variance estimation. This paper summarize a method of variance estimation considering multistage sampling design. The performances are compared with UCVE and the method considering multistage sampling design by simulating random sampling under different sampling schemes using real world data. Simulation showed that as primary sampling unit (PSU) sampling fraction increased, UCVE tended to generate increasingly biased estimation, whereas accurate estimates were obtained by using the method considering multistage sampling design.

21 jet fuel samples collected from different refineries around different regions in China were took as the research objects. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis. A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry ( GC X GC-qMS) equipped with polar-non polar column system can significantly increase the peak capacity, which had obvious advantages in analyzing jet fuel with complex components. Based on percentage response ( the percentage of each peak volume to all peak volumes), the method of F-ratio (the ratio of the average square error between the dataset to the average square error within the dataset) in analysis of variance CANOVA) was used to select feature components of jet fuel samples. The results showed that monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, indane series, tetralin series with number of carbon atoms in the range of C10 -C12 varied greatly between different groups of jet fuel samples. Different methods for determining the threshold of F -ratio were compared, and the Z-score method was finally used to select experimental data, in which case a total of 16 feature components with Z-score were greater than 3 based on the percentage response F-ratio of the samples. Ultimately, combined with the extracted ion current chromatogram (EIC) with m/ z 117-118 or m/z 131-132, the traditional one-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GCX GC- qMS were compared with effectiveness of separation and analysis of the feature components. The detected peaks were obviously more than t he former, and t he extracted ions in this mass-to-charge ratio range had a certain distinguishing effect on jet fuel samples. This paper provided a method for comprehensive analysis of jet fuel components, and also provided a reference for selecting useful data while preserving t he features of t he largest difference between groups, reducing the large amount of experimental data generated in GCXGC-qMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a potentially effective method of instruction that has been applied only infrequently in nursing education in Taiwan. Purpose: This study was developed to examine the effects of incorporating the TBL strategy into the course "Advanced Medical Nursing English". Methods: A quasi-experimental, single group, and pre-post test design was adopted. Nursing students who took the "Advanced Medical Nursing English" elective course used the TBL strategy for 8-weeks. Students were assigned to heterogenic groups of 12 students each based on their scores on an English pre-test. The collected data included the scores on individual and group readiness tests, a self-directed learning questionnaire, learning satisfaction, and an English posttest. Self-completed reflection papers and focused group interviews were used for qualitative appraisal. Results: A total of 72 students were enrolled. Nearly all (93.1%) were female and 21-22 years of age. The results of a paired samples t-test applied to examine the effects of the TBL strategy on learning outcomes showed that English posttest and self-directed learning ability scores had both improved significantly (all p < .05). The results of ANOVA tests showed that students with lower pre-test scores improved more than those with higher pre-test scores. The results of a sample t-test with a test value of 4.0 applied to examine learning satisfaction found a non-significant change (p > .05), indicating no change in perceived satisfaction. The qualitative analysis identified four themes regarding perceptions of the TBL strategy, including "friendships in learning", "harmonious atmosphere and participations", "inertial shock and adjustments", and " excessive learning load". Conclusion: TBL was shown to be an effective learning strategy for RN-BSN students in a Medical Nursing English Course, particularly those with relatively low pre-test scores. Future studies should focus attention on reading assignments to avoid overburdening students. The results of this study may serve as a reference for medical nursing English education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to understand the photoperiod sensitivity of agronomic traits by different pre-flowering photoperiod and was a basis research for the genetic analysis of photoperiod sensitivity and the genetic breeding of wide adaptability in soybean. [Method] Three different soybean materials were planted in two different regions (dongyang and qixian ) with different photoperiod conditions at preflowering, then the photoperiod sensitivity of 18 agronomic traits was evaluated by using four methods( variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and photoperiod relative sensitivity analysis). I Result]The most agronomic traits were affected by different photoperiod treatments preflowering in soybean,such as plant height, available branches, nodes of main stem, three pods number,effecitve pods per plant, whole pod number, whole seed number and seed weight per plant, which were significantly lower in short photoperiod after shading than in the normal long photoperiod ( P < 0. 01),at the same time, it was found that the same traits of different soybean materials had different sensitivity to photoperiod. Correlation analysis revealed that the most traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation under the condition of short photoperiod after shading and normal long photoperiod, also the same trait had some significant or extremely significant correlation under different photoperiod conditions. Principal component analysis displayed that under both the short photoperiod condition after shading and the long photoperiod condition, all the 18 agronomic traits of soybean could be represented by more than 84% information of the first 6 relatively independent principal components. By comparing the photoperiod sensitivity of three soybean materials with different agronomic traits,it was detected that the plant height had the highest photoperiod sensitivity, followed by three pods number, available branches, nodes of main stem, seed weight per plant, one pod number,and four pods number. [ Conclusion] Soybean is a short-day crop and is sensitive to photoperiod, plant height, available branches,nodes of main stem, three pods number and seed weight per plants,which indicated stable and strong photoperiod sensitivity. This could be used as evaluation indexes for soybean photoperiod sensitivity breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the differences in the basic aroma components of different styles of cigarettes. [Method] The alkaline flavor components of 13 different styles of cigarettes were determined by simultaneous distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis of 12 basic aroma components was carried out by analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. [Result](i) From the results of analysis of variance, it was found that there was no significant difference between M-type cigarettes for the total amount of pyridine, 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 3-ethylpyridine and basic aroma components;Pyrazine, 3-methylpyridine, 2, 6-lutidine, 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine, 2, 5-lutidine, 2-methyl Quinoquinoline, M-type cigarettes and most other types of cigarettes have significant differences;(ii) From the results of principal component analysis, 12 basic aroma components can be simplified into four main components, resulting in differences between different styles of cigarettes Mainly reflected in the content of pyridine, 2-methylpyrazine, 3-methylpyridine, 3-ethylpyridine, quinoline, 3-phenylpyridine;(iii) From the results of cluster analysi, , it can be divided into different styles of cigarettes for 8 categories, the same category of cigarettes can be divided into one category, the classification of different styles of cigarettes is good, the results of cluster analysis are basically consistent with the results of principal component analysis, indicating that alkaline flavor components can be used to distinguish different styles of cigarettes. [Conclusion] In order to study the differences of cigarettes of different styles, it provides a basis for the construction of Chinese cigarettes and the analysis of style characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the variation characteristics of soil nutrients of cultivated land at different elevation in the transition zone between plain and mountain of Chengdu. [Method] Pengzhou city as the study area was chosen, 1142 topsoil samples at different elevation were collected, and the nutrient data were analyzed with traditional statistics, correlation analysis, variance analysis, semi-variogram model optimization and Co-kriging interpolation. [Result] The correlation relationship between available potassium(AK), soil organic matter(SOM) and elevation were overwhelmingly positive, and the correlation relationship between alkali-hyclrolyzable nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP) and elevation were overwhelmingly negative. The content of AN and AP decreased with elevation increasing and then obviously rebounded at the area above 913 m, the content of AK and SOM increased with elevation. The area with relatively low content of AN, AP and SOM was mainly concentrated in the zone of the most transitional elevation. [Conclusion] The result of this study could be helpful for the improvement of the productivity of cultivated land, soil utilization and protection in the transition zone between plain and mountain of Chengdu, which was of great significance for promoting the sustainable utilization of the resource of cultivated land and ensuring southwest China’s grain security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effect of nitrogen application of Nitraria tangutorum seedlings under drought stress.【Method】This experiment simulated drought stress, sprayed different concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer on Nitraria tangutorum seedlings(0, 6, 36, 60 mmol·L-1), studied root morphological characteristics and endogenous hormones.【Result】（i）Nitrogen addition could promote root elongation and elongation of Nitraria tangutorum under drought stress, when the nitrogen concentration reached 36 mmol·L-1, the fine and small roots increased to the maximum; for medium roots, when the nitrogen concentration reached 60 mmol·L-1, the promotion effect was the best.（ii）Nitrogen addition could increase root surface area, volume and number of root tips of Nitraria tangutorum under drought stress. After nitrogen application, the maximum values of surface area, volume and number of root tips of Nitraria tangutorum were 155.74 cm2, 2.67 cm3 and 2370.00 respectively, 46.80 cm2, 1.03 cm3 and 408.67 more than those without nitrogen application.（iii）Under drought stress, nitrogen addition could promote the synthesis of IAA, ABA and GA3. Analysis of variance showed that nitrogen had no significant effect on IAA（P>0.05）; nitrogen promoted ABA and GA3 significantly（P<0.05）.（iv）The correlation analysis of root morphological indexes and endogenous hormones of Nitraria tangutorum showed that the correlation among these indexes was not strong, and only individual indexes showed significant correlation. 【Conclusion】In a word, nitrogen addition could improve the drought resistance of Nitraria tangutorum from root and endogenous hormones, but not the higher the concentration of nitrogen, the better the growth of Nitraria tangutorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that college students' life purposes could reflect their moral orientation. This paper aims to conduct a comparative study on the moral orientation and impact factors of life purpose between Chinese and American college students. A total of 379 college students were randomly selected and "Rank 1 Purpose" Survey taken from "Stanford Youth Purpose" Survey was administered in this study, whose data was analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that a certain number of Chinese and American students possessed an altruistic life purpose. The moral orientation of Chinese students' life purpose was significantly influenced by gender and source of origin, with male students and students from rural areas likely to have altruistic life purposes. However, the moral orientation of American students' life purpose was not affected by their demographic background of this paper selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve 2D thresholding algorithm's processing speed, this paper presented a fast implementation method of 2D Otsu. Based on marginal probability distribution of bivariate discrete random variable, it calculated two ID optimal threshold, s* and t*, and then kept (s*, t* ) as the optimal 2D Otsu threshold. Furthermore, in order to improve the segmentation of the original algorithm, this paper introduced the definition of intra-class variance and proposed a new discriminant. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms original algorithm. Without losing the robustness to noise, its time complexity is reduced from O (L) to O (L), space complexity is reduced from S (L) to S(L), and the misclassification rate is lower. The method is suitable for handling the fast threshold segmentation of Gaussian noise images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study finds that spurious Granger causality occurs between independent weak stationary processes, and the Wald statistic modified by the traditional HAC method has higher probability of spurious causality than the primitive Wald statistic. At the same time, the paper shows that estimation of the longrun variance is the underlying reason of occurring spurious causality, the Granger causality test statistic constructed based on modified truncation parameter of traditional HAC method has a limiting distribution that does not depend on nuisance parameters. Through setting various weak stationary processes and using Monte-Carlo simulation technology, the paper finds that the new Wald* statistic can greatly decrease the probability of occurring spurious causality, and it is robust to the persistence of data process and sample size, but has some test size distortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on variance theory and coal sampling basic formula, this paper analyzed main theoretical problems on coal sampling and derived their relationships quantitatively. In addition, the paper provides a clear guidance to coal sampling practice, which complements and enriches the coal sampling theory. The problems discussed include: lot precision estimation for sub-lots with the unequal mass, primary increment variance estimation under different mass of lots, coal mass on the influence of the sampling precision, the influence of the number of sub-lots on the sampling precision under the condition of constant number of increments taken from a lot, the relationship of the sampling precision with increment numbers for the same coal, increment numbers on the influence of the sampling precision for duplicate sampling, and the estimation of sampling precision for replicate sampling, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluations of higher education programs are increasingly centered on the learner and designed to assess learning effectiveness and core competencies. Although the Taiwan Nursing Accreditation Council (TNAC) has established eight core competencies for college nursing departments, little research has been done to identify the most salient contributors to undergraduate nursing students' perceived competency levels. Purpose: This paper investigates the influence of student demographic factors and learning experience on students' development in terms of a selected sample of core nursing competencies and then identifies factors that significantly predicts such development. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. We collected data from a sample of freshmen students currently enrolled in a two-year nursing bachelor degree program at a private vocational university in Taipei, Taiwan. Participants self-assessed abilities in designated core nursing competencies using the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students (CINS). A total of 279 of 290 distributed questionnaires were returned and used in data collection, giving this study a valid return rate of 96.2%. Results: Participants earned a mean CINS score of 5.23 (SD = 0.49). Scale dimensions from highest to lowest mean score rank were: ethics, accountability, caring spirit, communication and cooperation, lifelong learning, general clinical nursing skills, critical thinking, and basic biomedical science. Differentiated analysis revealed that nursing students who expressed a strong interest in nursing, had a clear career plan, held aspirations to pursue higher nursing education, designated "major hospital" as their first workplace of choice, designated a post-college department / workplace preference, had participated in campus activities, were outspoken in classroom discussions and debates, made consistent effort to complete homework assignments and prepare for examinations, and performed relatively strong academically earned CINS scores significantly above the mean. The three factors "having a clear career plan," "having designated a post-college department / workplace preference," and "having participated in campus activities" accounted for 14.4% of variance in subjects' CINS self-rating scores (adjusted R² = 12.5%). Conclusion: The CINS is an effective instrument for assessing the core professional competencies of nursing students. We recommend that nursing education strategies may be adjusted to enhance student interest in nursing, encourage their developing career plans, and encourage greater participation in campus activities and classroom discussions as a way to improve core professional competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper setted two scenarios of A and B based on a model of multivariate empirical probability distributions (MVE) to forecast China's cereals production in a short run. Four measures of the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Theil's inequality coefficient (Theft IC) were used to test ex post simulation fit. Result indicates that the MVE model's short-term prediction accuracy is better simulated, and if the deadline of historical data is closer to the starting time, the statistic fit is better. The paper also finds that according to historical data from 2000 to 2008 (B scenario), the simulated mean values of China's cereals production in 2010 and 2011 are 532.88 million tons and 538.87 million tons, and the standard deviation values are 19.67 million tons and 20.01 million tons, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional eigen value analysis method (CEVA) has some shortcomings in solving two-dimensional coupled flutter problems, for example, when the frequency ratio of torsional to bending is approaching 1, the pre-selection of frequency and its iteration is a time consuming work. This paper presents an straight forward method for analyzing two-dimensional coupled flutter of super-long-span suspension bridges, utilizing CEVA method and Ferrari's thoughts on solving univariate equations of four degrees, which has both improvements on work process and work time compared with the CEVA method. Case studies of four different cross section suspension bridges (the ideal plate, close steel box, single slotted steel box, and double slotted steel box) are provided to validate the developed procedure as well as to demonstrate the flutter analysis of super-long-span suspension bridges using straight forward method. The proposed method in this paper enables the researchers to make comparison on the flutter modality, flutter stability performance and freedom coupling extent of suspension bridges with different mid-span and different cross sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to overcome the shortages of the one factor at a time (OFAT) wind tunnel tests, such as slow test efficiency, neglected variable interaction, and indirect expression of test results, a modern design of experiment (MDOE) method for wind tunnel experiments has been performed in a 2.4m×2.4m transonic wind tunnel. In this paper, the test space dividing, test data number calculating and data point distributing have been illustrated. The aerodynamic coefficients at tested points have been acquired through wind tunnel experiments. The response surface model has been established, and its accuracy has been verified by checking the additional acquisition data points within the 95% confidence interval. The results indicate that the proposed MDOE method only uses 20 percent of data points and 50 percent of experimental time of traditional methods. This method possesses a better performance in describing experiment results, providing response results, and revealing variable interaction relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To find out the bra pressure comfort and shaping effect based on different breast shapes. First breast shapes were researched and 3 kinds of shape disc type, round ball type and fusiform type were obtained, 3 females with 75B size bra but different breast shapes were chosen. Secondly, design elements of bra product were analyzed and 10 samples, 3/4 cups were chosen for the following experiment. By using the Japanese AMI 3037 airbag type pressure testing system, the pressure of each testee was tested and recorded. Pressure distribution and variation regulation were analyzed. By using the American NX-16 [TC]² three-dimentional body scanning system, the breast shapes of 10 different bras of each testee were scanned. The digital models were acquired by means of 3-D scanning, and then three-dimensional processing software was adopted to process the models to obtain related indicators. Use the excel, SPSS 19.0 software for processing and analysis of the sample data. The experimental result indicated that there is an obvious effect of different breast shapes on bra pressure distribution and shaping figure effect. Pressure and shaping figure effect differ very much even when brassiere sizes are the same since the different breast shapes. The bra with different design elements is suited to different breast shape. The conclusions of this paper can be applied into bra manufacture and marketing. The consuming satisfaction can be improved in some degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]