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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Wildlife / Yesheng Dongwu Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Wildlife Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Wildlife / Yesheng Dongwu Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Wildlife Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Wildlife / Yesheng Dongwu Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Wildlife Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society is the property of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society is the property of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

p-Phenylenediamine antioxidants (PPDs) are rubber antioxidants that can suppress oxidation, heat, or light radiation to delay the aging of polymer components and extend the service life of rubber products. In recent years, PPDs have been found in the environment, and their ecological risks remain largely unknown, which cause widespread concern. In this work, a method of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with ultrasonic extraction was developed for the determination of PPDs in zebrafish embryos. In order to have good performance, extraction solvents and sorbents were optimized. Under optimal conditions, embryonic samples were combined with 5 mL of dichloromethane and ultrasonically extracted for 15 min. The extraction procedure was repeated twice, after that the resulting extracts were purified by 0.1 g primary secondary amine (PSA). Based on internal standard method, the analytes were detected using GC-MS/MS in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with optimal parameters. The results showed that the chromatographic peaks of analyte were completely separated, and the baseline was smooth. The correlation coefficient (R2) of each analyte exceeded 0.99 in the concentration range of 0.1-200 μg/L. Method detection limits (MDLs) and method quantification limits (MQLs) were in the range of 0.38-0.68 ng/g and 1.28-2.28 ng/g, respectively. Except for the average recovery of N,N′-bis(methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD), which was higher than 120%, the average recoveries of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), N-phenyl-N′-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CPPD) and N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (IPPD) were 73.1%-109%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.97%-15.0% and 4.76%-18.8%, respectively. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this method, it was applied to detect PPDs in zebrafish embryos exposed to PPDs. The results indicated that PPD concentrations were 12.5-16.4 ng/g. After calculation, the measured bioconcentration factors of each analyte within 48 h were 1.70-33.6 L/kg. These values were much lower than the corresponding predicted bioconcentration factors, because PPD concentrations in vivo had not reached equilibrium during the exposure time of 48 h. This method is simple, sensitive, and suitable for the detection of PPDs in zebrafish embryos, which facilitates future bioaccumulation and toxicity mechanism studies for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risks of PPDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society is the property of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A series of matrix reference materials for 21 inorganic trace impurities in 2 mg/g cadmium telluride (CdTe) solution with five impurity concentration levels (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 ng/g) were developed. High purity (>99.999%) CdTe was used as raw materials and dissolved using HCl-HNO3 mixed acid, and then was doped with multi-elements solutions to prepare the candidate reference materials (RMs). Matrix-matched ICP-MS with internal standard calibration was established for certification, homogeneity test and stability test. Mass spectrum interferences of 106Cd¹H on 107Ag and 114In¹H on 115In could be effectively removed by optimizing argon gas flow parameters coupled with mathematical correction. The matrix suppressed effect was effectively corrected about 20%-60% by using matrix-matched method. The precision of consecutive analysis expressed as RSD (n=22) was reduced to approximately 1% by using internal standard calibration. The linearly correlation coefficient factors (R) of standard curves were greater than 0.999 for all elements. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.001 ng/g to 0.35 ng/g, and the spike recoveries ranged from 89.2% to 106.5%. The established method was further validated by using CRM EB507. The dissolution of packaging containers was investigated and the results showed that the impurity dissolution from HDPE (high density polyethylene) bottle was lower than that from PP (polypropylene) plastic bottle. Except for Ca and Se, the dissolution of elements of concern in 4 months was less than 0.2 ng/g, which met the requirement. All elements were tested by the established method, and the results showed that the homogeneity, long-term and short-term stability of RMs were satisfactory and the validity period was 12 months. The mass fractions of 21 elements were certified by using a collaborative characterization program with eight sophisticated participating laboratories and using HR-ICP-MS and Q-ICP-MS methods. The arithmetic mean values were taken as the certified values, and the uncertainty was systematically and comprehensively evaluated. The measured results ranged from 3.5 ng/g to 4.5 ng/g, and the RSD ranged from 1.2% to 8.5% from 8 labs. The average value was about 4.0 ng/g, which was consistent with the target values and the relative expanded uncertainty was about 7%. This series of matrix RMs fills the blank of relevant RMs at home and abroad, and it plays an important role in verifying the reliability of measurement methods and ensuring the consistency and traceability of measurement results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate and quantitative analysis of low-abundance proteins in complex matrices has always been the focus and faced difficulty in protein research. With the rapid development of mass spectrometry technology, isotope dilution mass spectrometry has become an important method for accurate quantitative analysis of low-abundance proteins in serum. In this study, isotopically labeled human growth hormone was used as an internal standard. A strategy for separation of serum samples was established based on off-line two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (2D HPLC). Then, combined with high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry ODMS) method, quantitative analysis of low-abundance protein growth hormone (hGH) in human serum was performed with high accuracy. Based on the measurement and uncertainty calculation of the simulated samples (blank serum with known quality of growth hormone standard substance, theoretical concentration 12. 00 ng/ g) and international comparison samples, the quantitative results are (11. 45 ±2. 33) ng/g and (12. 84±1. 46) ng/ g, respectively. This method has high accuracy and good repeatability, and can provide an effective measurement method for accurate quantitative analysis of low-abundance proteins in complex matrices. The results can trace to reference material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

为提高植物油中4种维生素E异构体（α-、β-、γ-、δ-生育酚）的检测效率，建立一种超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定植物油中4种维生素E异构体含量的方法。分别对质谱条件、色谱条件及样品前处理条件进行了优化，并对检测方法进行了考察。结果表明：0.5 g样品经10 mL甲醇提取，35 mg C18粉末净化后，采用Kintex F5色谱柱（2.1 mm × 100 mm，1.7 μm）分离，以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸-甲醇溶液为流动相梯度洗脱，流速0.4 mL/min,电喷雾离子源在正离子模式下进行多反应监测扫描，采用外标法对4种维生素E异构体进行定量；在该条件下，4种维生素E异构体在1～100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（R2）均在0.998以上，检出限均为6 ng/g，定量限均为20 ng/g，加标回收率范围为92.0%～108.0%，相对标准偏差为0.7%～7.1%,与国标方法测定结果相对误差在-4.3%~5.1%。该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好，可应用于实际样品的分析。 To improve the detection efficiency of four vitamin E isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ - tocopherol) in vegetable oil, a method for simultaneous determination of the content of four vitamin E isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ - tocopherol) in vegetable oil by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. The conditions of mass spectrometry, chromatography, and sample pretreatment were optimized, and the method established was examined. The results showed that the sample (0.5 g) was extracted with methanol(10 mL), purified with C18 powder （35 mg）, separated with Kintex F5 chromatographic column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), eluted with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1% formic acid-methanol solution as mobile phase by gradient under the speed of 0.4 mL/min, detected under positive ion mode of electric spray (ESI) and multi reaction monitoring mode (MRM), and quantified by external standard method. Under these conditions, there were a good linear relationships for four vitamin E isomers in the mass concentration range of 1-100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.998, detection limits of 6 ng/g, and quantification limits of 20 ng/g. The recovery rate ranged from 92.0% to 108.0%, the relative standard deviation was 0.7%-7.1%, and the relative error of the determination results with national standard method was -4.3%-5.1%. This method has the advantages of accuracy, sensitivity, and good reproducibility, and it can be applied to the analysis of actual samples.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rhenium (Re) in a super-high-organic-sulfur (SHOS) coal from Ganhe coalmine,Yanshan Coalfield,Yunnan,China,is investigated by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS).Combined with geo-chemical parameters of trace elements,the geochemistry and enrichment origin of Re in Ganhe coal are discussed.Compared with the Re average abundance of worldwide hard coals (1 ng/g),the Ganhe coal is remarkably rich in Re (229.14 ng/g).From the correlation analysis of Re concentrations and ash yields,as well as major elements contents,Re is mainly associated with organic matters,and in No.4 coal is partly associated with clay.Indicated by Sr/Ba,U/Th,Ni/Co,and Vi/Ni+V,Ganhe coal was deposited under an anoxic reducing condition strong influenced by marine.When the Ganhe coal was invaded by possible submarine exhalation,Re was reduced by organic matter,and then the mobility of Re was decreased,and finally Re was absorbed or complicated by organic matter.The concentrations of Re,together with Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,and Cd in GH12-3 are the highest in Ganhe coal,which may be related with marine microorganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of seven organophosphorus esters （OPEs） and six indicator polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in pig liver from Hubei Province， the risk of exposure to OPEs and PCBs in Hubei residents through dietary intake of pig liver were assessed.MethodsA total of 51 pig liver samples were collected from Hubei Province in 2022. By isotope dilution method， OPEs and PCBs in pig liver samples were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） and high resolution gas chromatography high resolution magnetic mass spectrometry （HRGC-HRMS）， respectively. The source of pollution was explored by analyzing the fingerprint characteristics. Based on the estimation dietary intake （EDI） and hazard index （HI） of Hubei residents， the risk of exposure to OPEs and PCBs through dietary intake of pig liver was assessed.ResultsThe levels of seven OPEs （∑7OPEs） in pig liver ranged from 15.6 to 262 ng/g， with an average of 89.7 ng/g （P50=88.4 ng/g）. The levels of six PCBs （∑6PCBs） ranged from 3.67 to 19.5 pg/g， with an average of 9.02 pg/g （P50=8.21 pg/g）. Tris （1，3-Dichloro-2-Propyl） Phosphate （TDCPP） and PCB 52 was the main characteristic pollutant of OPEs and PCBs in pig liver， respectively. Some OPEs were positively correlated with each other （r=0.278-0.841， P

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The special topography of karst areas allows organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from the surface environment to easily infiltrate the underground environment, posing a threat to groundwater security. Methods In this study, a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was used to detect two typical OCPs, namely, HCHs and DDTs, in the Yuquandong spring system in Zigui, Hubei. Objective This study investigated spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, sources and transport of HCHs and DDTs. Results The results showed that the mass concentrations of HCHs in the water ranged from 0.09 to 5.17 ng/L, and the mass fractions of HCHs in the soils and spring sedimentsranged from 0.36 to 3.67, 0.11 to 2.53 ng/g, respectively, mass concentrations of DDTs in the water ranged from 0.13 to 7.16 ng/L, and the mass fractions of DDTs in the soils and spring sedimentsranged from 0.22 to 19.13, 0.73 to 11.53 ng/g, indicating that the pollution was dominated by DDTs. The highest mass concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in water were observed in winter; the highest mass fractions of HCHs and DDTs in the soils were observed in summer and winter, respectively; and the mass fractions of HCHs and DDTs in the spring sediments peaked in summer and spring, respectively. Characteristic ratios showed that HCHs in water, soils and spring sediments mainly originated from lindane usage, DDTs in water mainly originated from historical residues, and DDTs in the soils and spring sediments mainly originated from recent usage. Correlation analysis indicated that HCHs and DDTs could be transported from the surface water and the soils in the recharge area to the spring water and spring sediments in the discharge area, respectively. The rapid transport of HCHs and DDTs across multiple media confirmed groundwater vulnerability in karst areas. Conclusion The study can provide a reference for the protection of karst groundwater resources and the environment.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) in samples was captured and concentrated by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) and detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The anti-OTA monoclonal antibodies used in IAC and ELISA came from different clone strains, belonging to different idiotypes, and there were differences between their selectivity for binding to OTA targets. The combined use of IAC and ELISA could effectively filter out the interference from OTA analogues, thus improving the specificity and sensitivity of immunological analysis. The limit of detection (LOD) for OTA in spiked samples was 0.2 ng/g, the quantification limit was 0.4 ng/g, and the average recovery was 75.9%. Although the recovery of the IAC-ELISA method was slightly lower than that of ELISA, the sensitivity was increased by 60 times. For 49 real samples, the proportion of samples that tested positive by this combined method was 100% consistent with the result of the national standard method, with a missed detection rate of 0%. Therefore, the developed method exhibited significant advantages in accuracy. As a comprehensive immunoassay, this method does not require any large-scale instruments or equipment, and has no strict requirement on the operating environment, thereby making it easy for grassroot laboratories to analyze OTA in samples.

The fried food in fast food is deeply loved by consumers. However, with the increasing concern about the safety of volatile methylsiloxanes, the residue of oligomer monomer of methylsiloxanes from defoamer PDMS in fried food needs to be studied urgently. In this study, an efficient and sensitive method for the determination of methylsiloxane oligomers in fried chicken and French fries was established using QuEChERS-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A total of 33 fried chickens and 30 French fries purchased from fast food restaurants were analyzed and a preliminary exposure assessment using a point assessment method was carried out. The results showed that octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D4)~hexamethyldisiloxane (D18) and decamethyl tetrasiloxane (L4)~triaconta methyltetradecasiloxane (L14) were detected, and the median total content of methylsiloxane oligomers in fried chicken (514.61 ng·g−1) was higher than that in French fries (83.4 ng·g−1). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of methylsiloxanes (molecular weight

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination levels of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in pork in China and the dietary exposure and risks of Chinese residents.MethodsThe concentration of seven indicator PCBs （PCB 28， PCB 52， PCB 101， PCB 118， PCB 138， PCB 153， and PCB 180） in 203 pork samples from 13 provinces （autonomous regions， centrally administered municipality） in China in 2020 as monitoring sites were analyzed by combined isotope dilution-gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. The health risk of the population exposure of indicator PCBs through pork was assessed in conjunction with date on pork consumption in each province.ResultsThe mean concentrations of the seven indicator PCBs （∑7PCBs） in pork ranged from 0.053 （Guangxi） to 0.826 ng/g fat （Zhejiang）， and P95 concentrations ranged from 0.091 （Guangxi） to 2.702 ng/g fat （Zhejiang）. PCB 28 and PCB 52 were the main fingerprint features. The mean and P95 levels of ∑7PCBs ingested daily by Chinese residents through pork consumption were 0.062±0.076 （ng/kg·BW） and 0.158±0.207 （ng/kg·BW）， respectively， and the exposure risk index （ERI） was less than 1.ConclusionThe contamination level of ∑7PCBs in pork in China， as well as the health risk of residents exposed to indicator PCBs through a pork diet was low.

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The quality of rapeseed and the degree of heavy metal pollution are directly related to human health. Monitoring the content of toxic elements such as As, Sb, Cd, and Tl in rapeseed is helpful for early monitoring of raw materials for edible oil production. OBJECTIVES: To avoid the cumbersome pretreatment of strong acid digestion, quickly determine the accurate content of volatile toxic elements such as As, Sb, Cd, and Tl in rapeseed, and to solve the challenge of pretreatment due to the heavy fat content of grains, oils, and foods. METHODS: A suspension - emulsion synergistic sample preparation technique was used to investigate conditions affecting suspension - emulsion, and a homogeneous and stable slurry - emulsion solution (SES) system was prepared. In the electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) with high sampling efficiency, the temperature - programmed parameters and the dosage of improver palladium nitrate were all optimized. SES was directly injected, and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP - MS) was used to determine As, Sb, Cd and Tl. RESULTS: The overall reproducibility (relative standard deviation, RSD) of the suspension - emulsion sampling - ETV - ICP - MS detection method were 10.1%, 8.8%, 8. 9% and 6. 4% [ c =0. 5% ( m/V), n = 5 J for As, Sb, Cd and Tl, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection ( 3CT) were 40. 0ng/L, 20. 0 ng/L, 50.0ng/L and 10.0ng/L for As, Sb, Cd and Tl, respectively. Accordingly, the limits of detection for the original solid samples were 8.0ng/g, 4.0ng/g, 10.0 ng/g and 2.0ng/g for As, Sb, Cd and Tl, respectively. The contents of As, Sb, Cd and Tl in tested rapeseed samples were 50. 4 - 90. 5 ng/ g, 28.0 - 59. 9ng/ g, 51. 3 - 69.1 ng/g and 91. 3 -216. 6ng/g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The suspension - emulsion synergistic treatment of rapeseed with high oil content is simple, fast, and cost efficient. It utilizes the advantages of ETV sampling and promotes the application of ETV - ICP - MS solid sampling analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

野生动物应激水平的非损伤性评估是了解野生动物对景观条件产生生理反应的重要方法。粪便皮质醇代谢产物（faecal cortisol metabolites，FCM）水平被认为是评价动物压力的潜在生物标志物。影响濒危东北马鹿（Cervus elaphus xanthopygus）应激的环境因子可能包括道路、植被、人为干扰和海拔等，因此采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）分析内蒙古高格斯台罕乌拉国家级自然保护区东北马鹿种群的粪便皮质醇激素数据，利用多元线性回归模型构建东北马鹿粪便皮质醇激素与环境因子的线性关系，探索环境因子影响东北马鹿粪便皮质醇激素的变化情况。结果表明：82只不同东北马鹿个体粪便皮质醇激素水平为2.05~114.3 ng/g，平均水平为（37.56±24.25）ng/g。距道路距离、归一化植被指数（normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）和海拔是驱动皮质醇激素水平变化的主要因子。马鹿粪便皮质醇激素水平与距道路距离、NDVI呈负相关，与海拔呈正相关。随着海拔的升高，马鹿平均粪便皮质醇水平呈上升趋势。测量粪便皮质醇激素为评估环境压力下应激源对野生动物的影响提供了一种无损伤性监测策略。了解环境因子对东北马鹿粪便皮质醇的影响，可以为制定保护区管理政策和保护策略提供理论基础。

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To establish a rapid method for determination of mercury in grain, Rhodamine type B fluorescent probe was synthesized and used as the carrier and chromogenic group of the probe system. The original fluorescent probe system was made into a visible light probe system, where this principle was used in conjunction with extraction assisted by effervescent tablets to establish a rapid method for the detection of elemental mercury (Hg) in grain. The initial speed of the blast reaction was controlled via the use of the bubble tablet blast method and the loss of Hg could be reduced in the course of the initial blast. After combining with different concentrations of Hg, the probe system make the originally colorless probe system turn into a rosy red color. The color developing probe system was in the range of 0.5~20 ng/g of Hg content in the sample at 550 nm, and the shade of color was proportional to the Hg content, whose range in the samples could also be assessed using a colorimetric card with naked eye. In the present study, the recoveries were 90.98%~102.46%, the precision RSD was 2.76%~4.76% and the detection limit was 1.0 ng/g. The rapid detection method has the advantages of high efficiency, accuracy, high sensitivity, specificity and wide applicability. Taken together, it is suitable for bulk screening and detection of elemental mercury in grains, wheat and other grains and their food products. Also, the method and principle might provide novel insights for the field of visualization probe rapid detection.

The photovoltaic fishery breeding is a new environmentally friendly breeding method that combines pond aquaculture and photovoltaic power generation. Combining Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farming with photovoltaic power generation is a new attempt to utilize resources comprehensively. However, there is no research on the effect of photovoltaic fishery breeding on the odor formation of E. sinensis. In this study, we compared the differences in basic nutrition composition, sensory evaluation, and odor quality of E. sinensis cultured in photovoltaic fishery breeding (PM) and common pond breeding (CM) environments. Two kinds of female crabs under PM or CM had their hepatopancreas and gonads evaluated by sensory analysis, as well as their tissue indices determination, proximate composition, electronic nose, and content of volatile compounds were evaluated. The flavor-active substances (odor activity value, OAV > 0.1) generated by the two breeding methods were evaluated. The results of artificial sensory evaluation and volatile compounds determination were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) to comprehensively evaluate the odor characteristics of the hepatopancreas and gonads of Chinese mitten crab. The results of tissue indices and proximate composition showed that the gonads index of female crab was increased by the photovoltaic fishery breeding mode (P < 0.05). The crude protein and crude fat contents in the PM group were significantly higher than those in the CM group (P < 0.05). The photovoltaic fishery breeding mode can promote the E. sinensis growth. The sensory evaluation showed that the hepatopancreas grassy and fatty taste scores in the PM group were higher than those in the CM group. The hepatopancreas' electronic nose response value in the PM group was the highest, and the gonads' grassy odor in the PM group was more noticeable. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the electronic nose showed that the two breeding methods had a significant effect on the hepatopancreas odor profile of female crabs. The determination of volatile compounds by GC-MS showed a total of 44 (PM group) and 33 (CM group) substances identified in the hepatopancreas, mainly including aldehydes (22.59% and 21.83%), alcohols (21.79% and 28.14%), and alkanes (37.03% and 38.00%). In the gonads, 31 (PM group) and 47 (CM group) substances were identified, mostly aldehydes (13.01% and 31.19%), aromatic (7.54% and 3.99%), alcohols (8.18% and 9.69%), and alkanes (67.49% and 44.20%). Twenty-two hexanal-related substances were detected simultaneously in the hepatopancreas and gonads of female crab, while fourteen 2-methyl-2-butenal-like substances were detected only in the hepatopancreas, and fourteen 2-pentenal-like substances were detected only in the gonads. In the hepatopancreas, the total volatiles content in the PM group [(70.53±2.91) ng/g] was significantly higher than that in the CM group [(16.63±0.73) ng/g] (P < 0.05), corresponding to 4.2 times more total volatiles in the PM group than in the CM group. Among these, the contents of fatty and grassy flavor substances such as 2-methyl-butenal, 2-methyl-2-butenal, 4-heptenal, 3, 5-3, 5-octadien-2-one, and 1-octen-3-ol in the PM group were higher than in the CM group (P < 0.05). In gonads, the total volatiles content in the PM and CM groups were (68.80±1.86) ng/g and (71.50±4.17) ng/g, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, the PM group's 2-ethylfuran and D-limonene contents were significantly higher than those in the CM group (P < 0.05). The grassy odor in the PM group was stronger in relation to the CM group, and the trimethylamine content in the CM group was 17 times higher than that in the PM group. Sulfur-containing compounds (dimethyl disulfide and thiophene) were detected in the CM group, and the odorous substances in this group were more abundant than those of the PM group, reflecting the inferior odor quality of the CM group. Several different flavor active substances were detected in hepatopancreas (11) and gonads (10) of female crabs under the two breeding methods, respectively. In the hepatopancreas, the OAV of (E)-2-octenal, octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, nonanal, decanal, and 2-pentylpyridine of the PM group was greater than 1, while the CM group's OAV of only (E)-2-nonenal and nonanal was greater than 1. The OAV of (E)-2-nonenal and nonanal was greater than 1 in gonads of the PM group. In the CM gonads, the OAV of hexanal, nonanal, and decanal was greater than 1. Overall, the OAV content was higher than 1 in the hepatopancreas in the PM group, which was higher than that in the CM group. In the gonads, the OAV content was greater than 1 for the CM group, revealing a fishy and ammoniacal odor that resulted in an overall unpleasant odor. PLS analysis showed a strong correlation between the PM group and grassy and fishy odor. The volatiles associated with hepatopancreas in the PM group were octanal, (E)-2-octenal, 2-decanone, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-pentyl furan, among others, while few volatiles associated with hepatopancreas were found in the CM group. Compounds strongly correlated with the CM group gonads included nonanal, hexanal, and other fishy odor aldehydes, trimethylamine, and 2-ethylfuran. The gonads' odor in the CM group was higher than in the PM group. The photovoltaic fishery breeding method can improve the grassy and fatty odors in the hepatopancreas, reduce the content of odor substances in the gonads, and promote the odor quality of female E. sinensis. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing and popularizing the photovoltaic fishery breeding method.

The effect of microwave pretreatment of sesame seeds on the flavor, sensory quality, nutrition, and safety of sesame oil was systematically studied to provide a theoretical foundation for the application of microwave for aroma enhancement in sesame oil. Sesame oil samples were hydraulically pressed from sesame seeds microwaved at different powers (0, 180, 360, 540, 720 and 900 W) for 6 min. A total of 91 aroma active compounds were identified in sesame oil by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation and headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry. The total concentration of heterocyclic compounds including pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, thiazoles, thiophenes, and furans in sesame oil were positively correlated with microwave power, while the total concentration of carbonyl compounds including aldehydes, ketones, and esters increased initially and decreased later with an increase in microwave power. The intensities of roasted sesame-like, nutty, burnt and smoky aromas, and the bitter taste of sesame oil gradually increased, while the intensities of earthy, woody, and green odors decreased. The oil yield of microwave-pretreated sesame seeds (30.02%–31.93%), which was higher than that of raw sesame seeds (24.89%), was positively correlated with microwave power. Microwave pretreatment increased the nitrogen solubility index (NSI, from 11.7% to 18.07%) of sesame meal and the concentration of tocopherol in sesame oil (from 392.18 to 462.92 mg/kg). The highest NSI and tocopherol content appeared after 540 and 700 W microwave pretreatment, respectively. The concentrations of sesamin (13.01–15.78 mg/100 g), heterocyclic amines (HCAs, 33.19–143.88 ng/g), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 0.40–9.03 ng/g) in sesame oil were positively correlated with microwave power. The concentrations of PAHs and HCAs in sesame oil did not exceed the Chinese national standard limit. In summary, appropriate microwave pretreatment can provide sesame oil with a rich flavor, improve its nutritional value and oxidation stability, and increase the utilization value of sesame meal protein. Therefore, microwave pretreatment is highly advantageous and promising for application in aroma enhancement in sesame oil l and high-value utilization of sesame meal protein.

The allergenicity of the major allergen tropomyosin (TM) in commercial low-value shellfish and its processed products was evaluated, and different methods to reduce the allergenicity of TM in edible shellfish tissues were studied. The contents of TM in commercial low-value shellfish and its frozen, dried, smoked or steamed products were analyzed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and shellfish with high allergenicity was selected to explore the effects of traditional (drying, steaming, high temperature and pressure, and quick-freezing) and emerging processing techniques (high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, and glycosylation) on reducing tropomyosin allergenicity in edible tissues. The results showed that allergenicity was common in commercial shellfish and its processed products, with TM content ranging from 18.94 to 22.51 ng/g. Among the four kinds of fresh shellfish tested, the TM content of Mactra veneriforimis was the highest, which was (22.51 ± 1.06) ng/g. Compared with untreated Mactra veneriforimis, the allergenicity of dried, steamed or glycosylated samples did not change significantly (P > 0.05). High temperature and pressure, quick-freezing, high hydrostatic pressure and ultrasonic treatment could significantly reduce TM allergenicity (P < 0.05), the effect of ultrasonic (500 W and 30 min) and high temperature and pressure sterilization treatment being more pronounced that of the other treatment, reducing TM allergenicity by 32.4% and 26.9%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of hypoallergenic processed shellfish products.

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of two typical advanced glycation end products （AGEs） in bread.MethodsProtein-bound carboxymethyl lysine （CML） and carboxyethyl lysine （CEL） were used as the detection objects. Bread sample was subjected to reduction incubation， protein precipitation， addition of isotope internal standard， acid hydrolysis， nitrogen blowing， reconstitution with nonafluorovaleric acid aqueous solution， and then underwent multi-reaction monitoring to quantitative analysis.ResultsThe detection limit and quantification limit of the method were 4.5 ng/g and 20 ng/g for CML， and 0.5 ng/g and 2 ng/g for CEL. The spike recovery rates of CML and CEL were 89.62%-95.65% and 86.38%-97.17%. The linear range were 2.5-800 ng/mL and 0.25-80 ng/mL， and the coefficients of determination were both above 0.999.ConclusionThe method was accurate and sensitive， and could meet the detection requirements of AGEs in bread.

Benzoxazolinones (BXs) are a group of natural compounds with biological activity. In recent years, benzoxazolinones have been identified in cereal grains and bakery foods. The most common BXs are 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolin-2-one (BOA). In this study, the contents of MBOA and BOA in 13varieties of wheat harvested in Henan Province were analyzed by LC-MS technology. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of MBOA and BOA on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of MBOA and BOA in wheat varied from 4.30 to 5.02 ng/g and 1.62 to 7.98 ng/g respectively. Interestingly, the contents of MBOA and BOA in whole wheat flour increased significantly after hot drying and germination by 1.5~2.0 and 500~1 000 times, respectively. In the aspect of hypoglycemic activity, MBOA and BOA showed reversible competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The IC50 of MBOA and BOA to α-glucosidase were 13.73 and 73.9 mg/mL, the IC50 to α-amylase were 64.98 and 17.68 mg/mL. These results revealed that BXs have the potential contribution to the hypoglycemic activity associated with whole wheat consumption. Food processing technologies such as germination can be used to enhance the concentration of BXs in the cereal food products that allow the intake of higher amounts of BXs. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the research on the health effects of whole wheat and its processed products.

Copyright of Power Generation Technology is the property of Power Generation Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)