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The source and process of mandible development are significantly different from those of other bones in the body, and abnormal development can lead to various bone-related diseases, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. In recent years, the role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in bone development has received increasing attention. The Hedgehog gene includes three subtypes: Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Indian Hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert Hedgehog (Dhh). Shh and Ihh can participate in bone metabolism regulation through various pathways, with Shh primarily involved in limb development and Ihh playing a key role in endochondral osteogenesis. The Hedgehog signaling pathway includes Hedgehog signaling protein ligands, Patched (Ptch) receptors, Smoothed (Smo) receptors, nuclear transcription factors, glioma-associated oncogene homologues (Gli), and downstream target genes. The activation of typical Hedgehog signaling pathways requires the involvement of Gli, whereas atypical Hedgehog signaling is mainly regulated by Ptch, Smo, and others. Shh regulates various biological behaviors during early vertebrate embryogenesis, such as organ differentiation, neural stem formation, stem cell differentiation and proliferation, limb bone development, and tooth germ development. During the process of bone cell differentiation, Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 are expressed in osteoblasts, further promoting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. IHh plays an indispensable functional role in bone growth, development, and homeostasis and participates in the formation of intramembrane bone collars, proliferation, and maturation of chondrocytes. IHh is expressed in mature skull osteoblasts and can act as a promoter of bone factor regulation of Ptch and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression to induce intramembrane ossification. Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) can regulate the Hedgehog signaling pathway by binding to Ptch1 and Ihh, playing a crucial role in cartilage formation and endochondral osteogenesis in the temporomandibular joint. Hedgehog signal activators can improve the reduction in mandibular bone mass caused by BMAL1 deficiency. Hedgehog signaling imbalance can have a significant impact on bone development and lead to a series of bone diseases, such as abnormal bone development, fractures, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. The mechanism of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in relation to mandibular diseases has not been fully elucidated, and future research should seek to further explore Hedgehog signaling as a potential target for treating mandibular developmental-related diseases.

In 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its recommendations, reviewing the evidence of the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy behaviors in adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors. The conclusions of this review align with the 2017 guidelines. Behavioral counseling interventions in adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors result in minimal net benefits. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians make individualized decisions on whether to provide or recommend behavioral counseling interventions to adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors to promote a healthy diet and physical activity (Grade C). This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines in the context of the current status of cardiovascular disease prevention in China, offering valuable insights into cardiovascular disease prevention practices among Chinese adults.

In power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, to achieve coordinated optimal scheduling of source and load considering multiple uncertainties is an important issue in power system operation. Therefore, a probabilistic spinning reserve optimization model based on multiple scenarios is constructed. Multiple uncertain factors are considered in the model, such as wind power and solar power forecast errors, load forecast error and unscheduled generator outage. Renewable energy curtailment and load shedding are used as special reserve resources in the day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) to improve the economic operation efficiency. The calculations of reliability indexes, expected energy not served and expected energy curtailment, are simplified, and the inequality constraints related to these two indexes are reduced, which improves the computational performance of the model. The model optimizes the total expected cost considering multiple uncertainties. Case studies based on the IEEE-RTS demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The numerical results show that the improved calculation method of reliability indexes can effectively reduce the solution time of the SCUC model. The reserve optimization model can realize the dynamic allocation of the spinning reserve capacity of the system and improve economic operation of the system.

Lonicerae Flos is a Chinese medicinal material and medical-food homologous resource. It has a variety of pharmacological and health functions such as anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-inflammation and antibacterial. Based on the introduction of research process in the history of application, functional components and pharmacological activity of Lonicerae Flos resources, this review summarizes the current situation of comprehensive utilization of Lonicerae Flos and its by-product, and deeply discusses the comprehensive utilization of high-value of these resources from the perspectives of drugs, food, cosmetics, veterinary medicine feed and agricultural inputs. Finally, the comprehensive utilization of the Lonicerae Flos resources and the sustainable development of the industry were prospected.

Background and purpose: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell technology has been widely used in the field of blood tumor treatment. Lentivirus transduction is a key link in the preparation of CAR-T cells, which is closely related to the quality of CAR-T cells. Therefore, the parameters involved in the lentivirus transduction process still need to be further optimized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiplicity of infection (MOI), incubation density, activation time before transduction and transduction system height on anti-CD30 CAR-T cells in lentiviral transduction T cells carrying CD30 antibody sequences, optimize the transduction conditions of CAR-T cells, and improve transduction efficiency and CAR-T cells function. Methods: Different MOI, incubation density, activation time before transduction and transduction system height were used to optimize the transduction of human peripheral blood-derived T cells, then proliferation capacity, transduction efficiency, cell viability and killing efficiency in vitro of anti-CD30 CAR-T cells were detected. Results: When the MOI was 1.00, 1.50 and 3.00, the transduction efficiency and effective cell number were significantly higher than those in the 0.00, 0.25 and 0.50 groups. When the incubation density was greater than 0.5×107 cells/mL, the incubation density had no significant effect on the transduction efficiency of T cells. The cell viability rate of the 72 h group was lower than 80%, which was lower compared with other groups significantly, the transduction efficiency of 24 and 48 h was significantly higher compared with the 0 h, 8 h and 16 h groups, and the expansion rate of CAR-T cells in the 48 h group was significantly higher compared with the 24 h group. The transduction efficiency and proliferation capacity of 0.16 mm in height of transduction system were significantly higher compared with the 0.53 mm group, however, had no significant effect on killing efficiency of CAR-T cells in vitro. Conclusion: Through the comprehensive evaluation of CAR-T cells function, the optimal transduction conditions for lentivirus include MOI of 1.00, incubation density of 1.0×107 cells/mL, activation before transduction for 48 h and transduction system height of 0.16 mm.

Objective: To find the most suitable cooling rate to meet people's requirements for apple storage quality at low temperature. Methods: The changes of apple tissue and cell structure were observed by low-temperature cold table equipment, and the changes of freezing temperature before and after cooling were compared and analyzed. Meanwhile, the changing trends of area, roundness, circumference, diameter, deformation, volume and internal pressure were compared and analyzed. Results: With the increase of cooling rate, the freezing temperature and freezing time of apple cells decreased gradually. The morphological parameters of apple cells changed with the increase of cooling rate, and the change trend was the same. Conclusion: The optimum cooling rate of apple cells was 10 ℃/min.

Objective: Aims at the brittleness regulation of fruit and vegetable slices during hot air drying process. Methods: This article takes fresh potatoes and bananas as the research materials, adopts mechanical and acoustic measuring devices to collect mechanical and acoustic signals generated by the fruit and vegetable slice samples at the mechanical compression mode, which were collected at different drying times during the hot air drying process of 80 ℃, to comprehensively evaluate the fragility of the fruit and vegetable slices. Results: The acoustic emission （AE） signal of the potato slice appeared the drying time of 45 min, and its AE energy increased gradually with the increase of drying time. The stress increased rapidly and then remained stable; The best drying end time of potato was 180 min. At this time, the AE energy and force were 255.38 mV·ms and 20.25 N respectively. The AE signal of the banana slices appeared from the early stage of drying, and its energy increased rapidly with the progress of drying, decreased after 150 min of drying, and remained stable after 200 min. The stress appeared after drying for 60 min, increased rapidly until the peak at 240 min, and remained stable. The optimum drying end time of banana slices was 240 min, and the energy and force were 122.58 mV·ms and 18.01 N, respectively. Conclusion: The mechanical-acoustic detecting method can be used to monitor the crispness variation of the fruit and vegetable slices being dried and to optimize the hot air drying process.

Background and purpose: Signal peptide (SP) is a short peptide chain at the N-terminal of precursor protein, which can regulate the folding and transfer of precursor protein and plays an important role in protein secretion. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of leukemia with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and many achievements have been reported in the intracellular domain modification of CAR structure, while the N-terminal SP of scFv presents less progress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the CD19-CAR expression of four different SP on the surface of T cells and their effect on the killing of CD19+ target cells. Methods: The CAR vectors containing four different SP (SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4) targeting CD19 antigen were constructed by gene synthesis and molecular cloning technology, and then packaged into lentivirus. The obtained lentivirus was transfected into T cells. The transfection efficiency of the cells was detected by flow cytometry, the killing effect of the cells on target cells was detected by calcein release assay, and the secretion levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Results: The recombinant lentiviral plasmids with four different SP were successfully constructed, and the four packaged lentiviruses were transduced into T cells. The results showed that 20.76%, 22.29%, 31.57% and 38.42% of T cells expressed CD19-CAR (named as SP1-CD19, SP2-CD19, SP3-CD19 and SP4-CD19 cells, respectively), respectively. The killing effect of SP4-CD19 on CD19- tumor cells was significantly higher compared with SP1-CD19, SP2-CD19 and SP3-CD19 cells (P0.05). Conclusion: The transfection efficiency and killing effect of SP4-CD19 cells on CD19+ tumor cells were significantly higher compared with SP1-CD19, SP2-CD19 and SP3-CD19 cells, which laid a scientific foundation for the optimization and efficient clinical application of CAR-T.

Objective To investigate the methylation status of ZIC1 gene in peripheral blood and lung cancer tissues of NSCLC patients and its prognostic significance. Methods We took the peripheral blood, cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 95 NSCLC patients. The peripheral blood of 95 healthy people was taken as control group. MSP was used to compare the detection rate of ZIC1 methylation between peripheral blood and cancer tissues. And we analyzed the correlation of ZIC1 methylation in peripheral blood and cancer tissues with the clinicopathological factors of NSCLC patients. Results The methylation detection rates of ZIC1 in peripheral blood and lung cancer tissues in NSCLC patients were significantly higher than those in peripheral blood of healthy people and adjacent tissues of NSCLC patients (P < 0.05), and the sensitivity and specificity of ZIC1 methylation in the diagnosis of tumor tissues were higher. The positive rate of ZIC1 gene methylation in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of NSCLC patients was significantly correlated with tumor diameter, metastasis, stage and pleural effusion (P < 0.05). Conclusion The methylation of ZIC1 gene is related to the occurrence, development, metastasis and stage of NSCLC. It may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of NSCLC.

Objective To explore the relation between WNT7A methylation and clinical factors of NSCLC patients. Methods We selected 120 NSCLC patients as NSCLC group and 120 healthy people as control group. The detection rate of WNT7A methylation in two groups was compared by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction, and the relation between WNT7A methylation and clinical factors of NSCLC patients was compared. Results The methylation rate of WNT7A in peripheral blood of NSCLC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). In peripheral blood of NSCLC group, there was no significant correlation between WNT7A gene methylation and gender, pathological type, age, smoking history(P > 0.05). The methylation rate of WNT7A gene was significantly correlated with tumor size, distant metastasis, TNM stage and pleural effusion(P < 0.05). The detection rate of WNT7A gene methylation in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients with pleural effusion, tumor size > 5cm and TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of patients without pleural effusion, tumor size ≤5cm and stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of WNT7A gene methylation is high in NSCLC patients, which can be used as an effective diagnostic basis for NSCLC.

Based on database of collected gas monitoring information of coal mine monitoring system in coal mine production process,the paper put forward a scheme of using clustering analysis method based on DBSCAN algorithm to mining characteristics of gas accident information.It pointed out shortage of DBSCAN algorithm in practical application,proposed an improved scheme of DBSCAN algorithm based on data partition,and introduced the concrete improving method.The result of applying the clustering analysis method based on the improved DBSCAN algorithm to make clustering analysis and extract of information feature of gas monitoring data of coal mine showed that the method is effective.At last,the paper pointed out the farther research direction of the method.

Objective To evaluate the role of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis. Methods MRI [T1WI, T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D- ASL] was performed in 41 patients with clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis, including 28 cases in acute phase and subacute phase with duration < 10 d and 13 cases in late subacute phase and chronic phase with duration ≥ 10 d. The positive outcomes of each MRI sequence for each patient were accounted and compared. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images were extracted from 3D - ASL imaging and regions of interest (ROIs) were selected. CBF and ADC values between ipsilateral side and contralateral side, between normal brain regions of ipsilateral side and contralateral side were compared respectively. Results Among 41 cases, 28 (68.29%) showed abnormalities: T1WI hypointense signal in 3 cases, T2WI hyperintense signal in 8 cases, DWI hyperintense signal in 14 patients, 3D-ASL hyperperfusion in 27 cases and hypoperfusion in one case. The positive rates for 3D-ASL [68.29% (28/41)] were significantly higher than that of T1WI [7.32% (3/41); χ² = 32.416, P = 0.000], T2WI [19.51% (8/41); χ² = 19.807, P = 0.000] and DWI [34.15% (14/41); χ² = 9.567, P = 0.004] respectively. CBF value of ipsilateral side in acute phase and subacute phase (< 10 d) was significantly higher than that of contralateral side [(83.61 ± 7.19) ml/(min⋅100 g) vs. (63.32 ± 4.83) ml/(min⋅100 g); t = 2.690, P = 0.012], while there was no significant difference in ADC value (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference for both CBF and ADC values in late subacute phase and chronic phase (≥ 10 d) between ipsilateral side and contralateral side (P > 0.05, for all). There was no significant difference for both CBF and ADC values between normal brain regions of ipsilateral side and contralateral side (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions The main manifestation of viral encephalitis in 3D-ASL imaging was hyperperfusion in the early stage. 3D-ASL is superior to conventional MRI sequences in detection of encephalitis lesion and may contribute to the diagnosis of early viral encephalitis in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the complexity of coal structure and reaction, based on the analysis of active group species, structure and its transformation characteristics in coal reaction, the paper comprehensively constructed the active structural unit in the process of coal spontaneous combustion for the first time. Using the frontier orbital theory and quantum chemical calculation to analysis the complete reaction path, activation energy and the heat release of electron transfer in reactions of the active site, the 13 elementary reaction were obtained. The order and relationship of the reactions in coal spontaneous combustion was also built. Based on the research results, the coal oxidation dynamics theory was presented in the paper, which is a chemical chain cycle caused by oxygen with low activation energy, and converts the coal native structure to carbon free radicals releasing the gaseous products. The reaction mechanism of heat and products was illustrated in the oxidation dynamics theory of coal spontaneous combustion. The theory was successfully applicated in categorizing the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal and developing highly-effective chemical inhibition technology to prevent coal spontaneous combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of achieving more accurate and reliable gas emission dynamic prediction through effective analysis of gas measuring data in mines, this paper put forward a method that use ant colony clustering to optimize El-man neural network. Ant colony clustering algorithm was merged with Elman neural network to optimize weight and threshold. The model of gas emission quantity prediction was established by ACC-ENN algorithm, with the historical data of mine actual monitoring to experiment and analysis. The results show that the Elman neural network model optimized by ant colony clustering than other prediction model has better generalization ability and higher precision of prediction, to realize the dynamic forecast of gas emission effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]