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Aiming at the problem of poor image contrast and loss of visual information on electrowetting electronic paper display， this paper proposes an image hierarchical mapping technique based on human visual system. Firstly, the image is decomposed into the base layer and the detail layer, and the brightness of the base layer is enhanced. Then, the enhanced image is partitioned by Weber-Fechner law to realize the partition logarithmic mapping, and weighted and merged with the detail layer as the output image. At the same time, in order to achieve precise modulation of the electrowetting display, the brightness is local linearly stretched. The experimental results show that compared with traditional mapping methods, the entropy value of the algorithm in this paper is closer to the original map, the PSNR,SSIM and UIQI values of image evaluation index are respectively improved by 0.2~0.6，0.07~0.4 and 0.1~0.6. The method makes the relationship between the corrected voltage and brightness more linear, increases the image details on the electrowetting electronic paper, improves the contrast, and the overall visual effect is better.

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the establishment of the African Union, it has led and promoted the integration process of science and technology effectively in Africa in many aspects. However, there are no quantitative measurements of the results of scientific and technological cooperation. With the assistance of social network analysis, geospatial analysis, and negative binomial regression analysis, the topological and spatial structures of African scientific research paper cooperation net‐ works are carved based on a sample of 54 African countries' scientific research papers included in the WoS core collection from 2002 to 2019, while the influence of proximity on the structure of cooperation networks is explored. (1) Topologically, the research cooperation thesis output varies widely among African countries. The cooperation is closer among countries, and the cooperation network has higher cohesiveness and better network accessibility, showing typical small-world characteristics. (2) In terms of spatial structure, the spatial differences of the three main centrality indicators are obvious, the spatial morphological characteristics are distinctive, while the strength centrality has a large spatial variation and shows the spatial pattern of "one and only", whereas, and nodal betweenness centrality is distributed in a continuous block, the spatial distribution of nodal degree centrality is relatively uniform. (3)The negative binomial regression reveals that the research potential difference constitutes the driving force of the African scientific collaboration network, and the economic potential, and educational potential differences create barriers to research cooperation between countries. Cultural proximity and social proximity can significantly increase the probability of scientific research cooperation among African countries, while language proximity and geographical proximity are insignificant factors for African coun‐ tries in seeking paper co-authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period from 2018 to now is a transitional period for the two editions of curriculum standards. In order to understand the consistency between the college entrance examination mathematics papers and the Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standard(2017 Edition) during the transition period, the paper uses the Webb consistency analysis model to analyse the national college entrance examination mathematics volume II(b) and the Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standard(2017 Edition) from 2018 to 2021. The results show that the four themes failed to reach the dimension of knowledge breadth in the fourth year, the themes of preparatory knowledge and probability and statistics were less consistent on the dimension of knowledge categories, and the themes of functions, geometry and algebra were less consistent on the dimension of knowledge depth. Thus, it can be sean that the 4-year test paper has problems such as uneven examination topics, the lack of extensive examination content, and the difference between the depth of the examination and the requirements of the course. Based on this, the paper has introduced the following suggestions: standardizing the mathematical questions of the college entrance examination based on scientific assessment theory; anchoring the mathematics curriculum standards to truly achieve consistency in teaching and testing; and exploring new ways of mathematical modeling assessment with the college entrance examination as the guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the feasibility of directly processing paper-based ECG by using deep learning method, and to propose a method for identifying atrial fibrillation ( AF) from paper-based ECG rapidly and accurately. Methods The 12-lead ECG signals of 1 040 AF and 1 344 non-AF patients were selected from CPSC 2018 Challenge data, and were plotted as ECGs. These ECGs were printed out on papers, and rescanned into images. The paper-based ECGs with white background were obtained by a series of preprocessing. These paper-based ECGs were used to construct AF recognition dataset; the artificial intelligence algorithm (AIA) was trained, validated and tested using the real labels provided by the Challenge as the gold standard. Results The sensitivity, specificity and F1 score of the AIA based on paper-based ECGs are 0. 957, 0. 978 and 0. 969, respectively, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve is 0. 994. The Grad-CAM based feature visualization results show that in paper-based ECGs, the position of P wave and F wave at the onset of AF provide main references for the algorithm to identify AF, which is consistent with the ECG diagnostic criteria of AF in clinical practice. Conclusion The AF recognition algorithm based on paper-based ECGs shows good performance. The visualization results verify the high efficiency and feasibility of directly analyzing paper-based ECGs by using AIA, which could provide guidance for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract With soft-touch, lightweight, excellent temperature resistance and insulating performance, aramid mica paper is widely used in special motors 'transformers and other electrical equipments. In this paper, aramid mica paper was prepared by using white mica, meta-aramid chopped fiber and meta-aramid fibrid as skeleton and bonding components respectively. The effects of aramid fibers ratio, dispersant dosage, mica content and mica particle size on mechanical properties, insulating properties, micro-structure and temperature resistance of paper were studied. The results showed that the optimal process parameters were as follows: the mass ratio of fibrid to chopped fiber was 7:3 the amount of PEO was 0.5wt%, the mass fraction of mica was 50 wt%, and the size of mica was 120~150μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document shows the layout for manuscripts to be submitted to the journal of the Japan research association for textile end-uses written in Japanese. Since final images will be made based on the manuscripts prepared by Microsoft Word, authors must follow this document in detail. Authors also must be prepare manuscripts according to the instruction for the preparation of the journal. Final images might be different from the layout produced by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The classic reading club, characterized by its unique professionalism, diversity, high degree of freedom, and normalization, is becoming an important research and educational platform in the humanities and social sciences field of universities. Within the resonance field created by the reading club, members engage in collective reading to identify research paper topics, engage in debates to inspire paper writing ideas, write notes to accumulate material for academic writing, and provide mutual feedback to refine paper details, gradually enhancing their academic writing skills. The classic reading club effectively cultivates students' "reading and writing literacy", enhances their critical academic thinking, and helps them acquire essential academic writing skills through continuous practice, filling the gap in traditional classroom teaching in training students' academic paper writing abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organization and structure is the key of social science academic paper writing. The theme contents, perspectives of analysis, narrative methods and language expression determine the organization and structure of the article. Thematic contents include political content, academic content and social content. Perspectives of analysis are macro, meso and micro. Narrative methods include descriptive narrative, explanatory narrative and constructive narrative. Language expression includes academic language, political language and literary language. Combination and arrangement of elements determine the style and characteristics of social science academic paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Engineering Technology is the property of Editorial Department of Electric Power Engineering Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem of the high labor intensity,low eyeleting precision and low work efficiency of conventional paper flowerpot eyeletter with manual operation,an automatic eyeletter is proposed. And then,through building the mathematic model,the analysis and optimization of this mechanical structure is carried out by using mathematic analytic software. At last,two cam contour curves meeting the requirement of cam mechanism motion law well is designed. As a result,a strong theoretical basis for further study and object production in the future is provided.

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　To understand the current situation of pharmaceutical research development in China and provide a constructive thinking for universities to serve the national innovation strategy through the statistical analysis of pharmaceutical papers and highly cited papers from Double First-rate universities. Methods　CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for Chinese publications, and Scopus database was searched for English publications. Duplicates and non-research literatures were excluded. Excel 2016 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results　By comparing the data from 2017 to 2019 with that from 2014 to 2016, it was found that the number of papers in Q1 area from international journals and Q2 area from domestic journals increased significantly. The popularity of publishing papers in international journals by university authors was increasing. The number of publications in domestic journals slightly decreased. From 2014 to 2020, 850 papers were published in domestic journals, among which 223 papers were highly cited, with a total cited times of 2 410 and an average cited times per publication of 10.81. Conclusion　In spite of the government’s encouragement to publish the scientific and technological achievements in domestic journals, no such trend was formed from our analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to further build the corresponding academic ecology and enhance the international influence of domestic journals. The science and technology circles and technology publication circles in China should be deeply integrated to promote mutual development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems of data sparsity and the diversity in academic paper recom-mender systems,based on CONVNCF, this paper proposed an algorithm of convolution with word and heterogeneous information network for academic paper recommendation ( WN -APR) . Firstly, WN -APR algorithm learned user and paper' s diverse features from different semantics to alleviate the sparsity problem. Then it designed an outer product fusing way to seamlessly combine user features with paper features. Replacing of 2D CNN, this algorithm applied 3 D convolution to mine the influence of different features on the performance. Finally, it modified the BPR loss function to enhance diversity in recommendations. Experimental results on CiteULike-a and CiteULike-t datasets show that WN-APR improves the performance of accuracy and diversity over the baseline models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to investigate the effect of replacement of soybean by whole-plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 48 healthy three-way crossbred pigs weighing (60.53±2.42) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed with basic diet, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ used 4%, 6% and 8% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry instead of soybean meal, respectively. The pre-test period was 10 d, and the formal test period was 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of fattening pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the backfat thickness of finishing pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the eye muscle area of finishing pigs in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the water power of pork system in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the drip loss was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cooking loss in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased (P<0.05), and shear force was significantly increased (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content and protein content in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that 4% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry substitute of soybean meal in diet can improve the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined with the real-time and robust requirements of paper detection in the common paper-pen interaction, a fast paper detection method based on edge detection is proposed. In the edge detection stage, a fast paper edge detection method based on cross-layer feature fusion is advanced. The linear bottleneck inverted residual blocks and efficient channel B-ECA blocks are added to the HED backbone, which greatly reduce the numbers of parameters and increase the weight of salient features. The features of all stages and all layers are fused in order to retain the more edge features. The high-level features are upsampled and cross-layer fused with the low-level features to solve the problem of edge blur. Training and testing on the self-made MPDS data set shows that, compared with the original HED method, the proposal increases the ODS and OIS by 8.1% and 6.6% respectively, and improves the detection speed from 22.08 FPs to 39.02 FPS. In the paper extraction stage, a paper extraction method based on the paper structure is proposed. After thinning the paper edge based on non-maximum suppression, detection and filtering the line, and extraction paper vertex based on structural constraints, the image containing only paper is extracted. The experimental results show that the paper extraction method can quickly and accurately extract the entire paper image in various complex desktop environments and occlusion situations, which provides an interaction basis for the common paper-pen interaction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to avoid the breakage and rough cut edge of tipping paper or wrinkled cigarettes caused by the tension fluctuation of tipping paper on the cutting drum in ZJ118 filter cigarette maker during production, a paper tension measuring roller was designed based on the principle of load cell, and force transmission analysis. The negative pressure control system for the cutting drum was developed by combining the BECKHOFF control system, PID adjustment technology and moving average filter algorithm with visual interface technology to realize the automatic adjustment and precise control of the negative pressure in the tipping paper cutting drum. The developed control system was tested on a ZJ118 filter cigarette maker in Xuzhou Cigarette Factory. The results showed that the frequency of tipping paper breakage decreased from 2.1 times/shift to 0.1 times/shift, and that of manual adjustment of negative pressure valves decreased from 0.5 times/shift to 0. The quality score of cigarette making increased from 98.7 to 99.4. This technology provides support for the stability of tipping paper transferring and the promotion of cigarette quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the effects of cigarette paper splicing at different machine speeds on cigarette paper consumption and cigarette quality, the testing was carried out on ZJ118 and ZJ17 filter cigarette makers and the number of splicing failures, cigarette paper consumption, number of defective cigarettes, and cigarette physical indices at different machine speeds were compared. The results showed that: 1) The number of cigarette paper splicing failures decreased at lower machine speeds and diminished to 0 when the speed of ZJ118 and ZJ17 approached to 5 000 and 4 900 cig./min, respectively. 2) Cigarette paper consumption due to splicing was generally negatively correlated with the machine speed. 3) The number of defective cigarettes was extremely negatively correlated with the machine speed during splicing. 4) Reducing the machine speed during splicing resulted in inconsistent physical indices of cigarettes, extremely significantly increasing the standard deviation of cigarette weight, and significantly increasing the number of cigarettes that exceed the limits. 5) The optimal speed of ZJ118 and ZJ17 filter cigarette makers for splicing was 6 000 and 5 600 cig./min, respectively. These results provide references for optimizing the technical parameters of filter cigarette makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)