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Objectives: The Ripley' s K-function has been widely applied to test for spatial point patterns in many fields such as economic geography, plant geography, and epidemiology. Because of the mathematical confusion of spatial point processes, there are many errors in measuring the distributions of spatial point objects in the corresponding published papers. Methods: This paper discusses Monte Carlo simulation method in the application of Ripley's K-function from perspectives of dynamics of random point patterns, suitability of parameter definition, and reliability of edge correction algorithms. First, we introduce the estimation methods of spatial point pattern analysis based on Ripley's K-function. Second, the formula of Ripley's Kfunction is corrected by various edge effect correction methods and compared in the applications. Finally, the modified algorithm is employed for spatial point pattern analysis of the nutrient concentrations of orange plants in Xinping County, Yunnan Province, China. Results: The preliminary results indicated that the number of Monte Carlo simulations has a great influence on the analysis of the observed spatial point patterns. The significance tests of the observed spatial point patterns change in the process of running ArcGIS Ripley's K-function software package, showing some degree of uncertainty of the observed results. The edge effect correction of Ripley's K-function based on GIS techniques is greatly recommended due to its extension to an arbitrary polygon from a common rectangular shape. Conclusions: Considering the popularity of Monte Carlo simulation in statistics and spatial data analysis, this paper provides important insights on edge correction and significance tests in other spatial clustering methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the factors influencing the severity of tourism traffic accidents, this paper selected 3 861 tourism traffic safety accidents in China, based on the analysis of its spatialtemporal distribution characteristics, further examined the factors influencing the severity of tourism traffic accidents. An ordered multi-classified logistic regression model was employed to explore the contributing factors to the severity of tourist traffic safety accidents. The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2019, the different severity levels of tourism traffic accidents in China show a fluctuating downward trend. (2) The severity levels of tourism traffic accidents display a heterogeneous distribution, with high-incidence areas mainly concentrated in Yunnan and Hunan provinces. (3) The five categories of factors, including personnel, vehicles, roads, management, and environment, are significantly correlated with the severity of tourism traffic accidents. The varying strength of their connection with different provincial domains is an important reason for the heterogeneous distribution of accident severity. The results help to reveal the characteristics and causes of tourism traffic safety accidents nationwide and provide a theoretical basis for improving tourism traffic safety management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective]The present paper explored the spatial-temporal characteristics of utilization efficiency of agricultural water under constraints of carbon emission and water pollution in 16 prefectures of Yunnan province from 2010 to 2019, and put forward some suggestions on improving utilization efficiency of agricultural water. [Method] The Super-SBM model, the kernel density estimation method and Malmquist index method were used for the analysis of utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province. [ Result] The utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province was low, and there was great potential for improvement. There were significant differences among regions, showing a spatial distribution of reduced radiation around the 'Central-Southern Yunnan province T-belt'. The utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province had shown an obvious upward trend, with different upward trends in different regions in the past 10 years. The medium and high-level areas had a large growth rate and range while the low-level areas had the opposite. There was a polarization phenomenon in utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province. The range of medium and high efficiency zones increased, while low efficiency zones decreased or even disappered. Yunnan province presented the spatial pattern of high utilization efficiency of agricultural water of ' three pillars' in central Yunnan province, southern Yunnan province and western Yunnan province. The degree and scope of the agglomeration in the agglomeration areas continued to increase, ranging from central Yunnan province to western Yunnan province to southern Yunnan province. [ Conclusion] The overall level of utilization efficiency of agricultural water in Yunnan province was low. There were large differences in temporal variation and spatial distribution. Technological progress is the fundamental measure to improve utilization efficiency of agricultural water. Differentiated enhancement measures should be adopted for different prefectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Through conducting a in-depth study on the variety diversity of Yunnan big-leaf tea, analyzing the diversity of their biochemical components with corresponding varieties and screening the specific varieties, the purpose of this paper was to provide theoretical guidance for the exploration, utilization, reproduction of those specific varieties. [Method] The biochemical components of autumn tea of 26 Yunnan big-leaf tea varieties were determined, and based on the results, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. [Result] The biochemical components of 26 varieties had rich diversity and variation, with an average coefficient of variation of 25.53%. Among the four conventional biochemical components, the largest coefficient of variation was amino acid, up to 14.13%. Among the catechin components, catechin had the largest coefficient of variation, reaching 63.51%. Multivariate principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components accounted for 77.179% of the diversity of biochemical components of 26 varieties, the variance accounted for by the first principal component was 50.165%, the contribution of phenol ammonia ratio was the largest; the variance accounted for by the second principal component was 16.894%, the contribution of epicatechin (EC) was the largest; the variance accounted for by the third principal component was 10.120%, and the contribution of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was the largest. Based on the clustering of 12 biochemical components of 26 variety resources, three groups were formed. The first group mainly was Yunkang series variety resources, which were mainly characterized by high contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, phenol ammonia ratio, total catechin, catechin DL-C and epigallocatechin gallate (ECG), and low contents of amino acids and epigallocatechin (EGC) . The second group was Yunnan large leaf population resources, which were characterized by high contents of amino acids, caffeine and EC, and low contents of total catechin, EGCG and ECG, The third group was mainly artificial hybrid variety resources, which were characterized by high contents of EGC and EGCG, and low contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, caffeine, phenol ammonia ratio, catechin DL-C and EC. The contents of four conventional components of the three groups were relatively consistent, and there were differences in phenol ammonia ratio and catechin content. [Conclusion] 26 Yunnan big-leaf tea variety resources have rich genetic diversity, with 26 high tea polyphenol resources, 1 high caffeine resources and 15 high catechin resources were preliminarily screened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 20th century, there have been many research achievementson the Mu family in Yunnan in the Ming Dy⁃ nasty. However, throughout the existing research, the research focuses on the overall situation ofthe Mu family, Mu Ying, de⁃ scendants of the Mu descendants and tombs of the Mu family. In terms of the use of documents and historical materials, official historical records are the main ones, and there are few references to inscriptions on steles, memorials, collected works, novels and unearthed cultural relics. From the point of view of the number of papers, there are three stages: the initial stage, the middle stage and the late stage. On the whole, there are still many deficiencies. This paper tries to find out the defects of the achieve⁃ ments by briefly summarizing the present research situation of the Mu family, and on this basis, to add the application of interdis⁃ ciplinary knowledge, aiming to improve the development of research path of the Mu family, and continue to bring forth new ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst landforms are mainly special landscapes formed by carbonate dissolution. They are characterized by calcium abundance, lack of soil resources, and insufficient water resources. The growth and development of vegetation in the karst area is restricted by the bedrock. It is very important to understand the synergistic interaction between vegetation metabolism and geochemistry of carbonate rocks in karst areas to maintain the stability of structure and function of the karst ecosystem. The mechanism and law of interaction between vegetation and rock geochemical background in karst areas from two aspects is expounded in this paper: vegetation community promotes weathering of carbonate rocks and geochemical background restricts vegetation. Through summarizing: ( 1 ) Plants promote the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks through physicochemical and biological actions, such as secreting carbonic anhydrase organic matter, improving the water retention performance of rock surface through boring by organisms and accelerating the disintegration of broken rocks through root splitting, thus forming a unique karst geochemical background of drought, high calcium, shallow soil layer and lack of nutrients in the soil layer. (2) With the long-term interaction between plants and the karst environment, plants adapt to environmental stress by adjusting their own structures and physiological functions, and even their unique plant succession rules. The plants that survived eventually evolved into unique karst plants that were drought-resistant, adaptable to high-calcium environments, and able to cope with nutrient deficiencies. Due to the solubility of carbonate rocks, the hydrologic system forms a two-layer spatial structure of surface and underground, which makes it difficult to utilize groundwater resources. As a result, the available water resources of local plants are limited, and are prone to drought stress. The drought resistance of plants adapts to the drought or water shortage environment mainly through physiological and biochemical processes, morphological structure and water use. In the morphological structure of the plant, through the stomatal regulation and the xeric structural characteristics of the leaves, the transpiration water loss of the plant is minimized. Some karst plants can cope with drought stress through physiological and biochemical processes, which can reduce the damage caused by drought stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and accumulating osmoregulatory substances through phytochemicals. Karst plants improve water use efficiency and reduce transpiration through different water use methods in the dry season. For example, some plants absorb deep soil, deep bedrock water or groundwater water through developed deep roots, and some plants even use fog water. The adaptability of plants to high calcium is realized through physiological structure and process. In a high calcium environment, karst plants can limit the excess calcium transfer upward by forming calcified roots and keeping the calcium content in plants in a relatively stable state through the regulation of calcium oxalate crystal cells and leaves. Plants can also control the intracellular calcium ion concentration by regulating the calcium pool in vivo and controlling the absorption and transport of calcium. Organic acids and mycorrhiza secreted by roots can help vegetation obtain nutrients in the soil to cope with nutrient deficiency in the soil. The organic acid content secreted by the roots of karst plants is usually higher than that of non - karst plants, and the increase of organic acid content can help plants to absorb trace elements. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) help plants adapt to nutrient deficiency by absorbing mineral nutrients from the soil. (3) The vegetation succession in the karst area is similar to the general stage of vegetation succession in normal landforms, but the vegetation succession in the karst area has the particularity of self - generation. The vegetation succession from the middle to the top of the mountain takes a longer time. Vegetation succession changed physical and chemical properties and soil quality. In the process of succession, soil bulk density gradually decreases, and porosity gradually increases over time. At the same time, soil nutrients accumulate with the positive succession of vegetation. During the positive succession process of karst vegetation, the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced, the stability is increased, and the survival probability of species and the species diversity are also increased. The special rock geochemical background in the karst area leads to the obvious changes in the spatial distribution of soil resources. High soil heterogeneity promotes the formation of plant community species diversity. For example, the tropical karst area in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province covers an area of 3600km 2, accounting for 19% of the land area. The forest survey results in the karst area show that there are 153 families, 640 genera and 1394 species of vascular plants, accounting for 77. 7% of the total floristic families, 56. 1% of the genera and 37. 9% of the species, respectively. The karst plant community is the result of the long interaction between the plant and the environment, the continuous adaptation to the environment and the growth and reproduction. The karstification of plants, the adaptation mechanism of plants under the typical karst soil environment such as drought, high calcium stress and lack of nutrient elements, as well as the succession characteristics of karst vegetation shown in the adaptation process and the biodiversity of vegetation are a whole interaction. The site growth of vegetation promotes the weathering of carbonate rocks and the formation of soil, creating conditions for their own growth. Meanwhile, soil area and soil thickness are positively correlated with plant diversity. The succession of vegetation changes the physical and chemical properties of soil and improves the quality of soil, and the karstification of carbonate rocks promotes the growth of vegetation. The adaptive mechanism of vegetation affects the distribution and growth of plants and promotes the succession process of plant communities and the formation of plant diversity. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of the karst environment and the diversity of plant habitats, plant diversity in karst areas is manifested as few genera, few species and endemic species. However, the internal relationship between plant diversity and the stability of the community ecosystem, as well as the comparative characteristics with non-karst areas still need to be further studied and explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiopteris esculenta is one of the most important wild substitute plant for staple food in Dulong's communities(the least populated ethnic group in Yunnan Province, China)for centuries. The Dulong people collect the underground parts of A. esculenta to extract flour and make it into food. In order to study and record the traditional knowledge of Angiopteris esculenta, ethnobotanical methods were employed to investigate and document the traditional knowledge about A. esculenta, and approaches of food science were used to reveal the basic components, morphology, physicochemical properties, and gelatinization characteristics of A. esculenta flour in the present paper. The results were as follows:(1) A. esculenta was a multipurpose plant in the traditional livelihood of Dulong people. Local people employed this plant for edible, medicinal, ornamental purpose and woody purposes. Quantitative analysis showed that the relative frequency of citation(RFC)of the edibleness was much higher than that of other uses, indicating that it was mainly used as staple food.(2)The traditional uses of fern flour extracted from the underground part of A. esculenta imply rationality. There was high starch content in the flour, and the total starch content was 86.2%, and A. esculenta flour contained various mineral elements necessary for human body.(3)The flour had good physicochemical properties, among which the retrogradation and freeze-thaw stability were strong, which could be used in the production and process of frozen food and starch products. The regeneration value and attenuation value of starch were much lower than that of common starch, which indicated that it had good stability of hot paste and cold paste, and not easy to regenerate, thus imply the good processability in food industry. In conclusion, A. esculenta flour has a good potential for utilization and further development. It is expected to play a positive role for increasing local residents' income and for rural revitalization in remote areas, through the approaches of artificial cultivation. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent processing and utilization of A. esculenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk evaluation of tailing ponds is characterized by randomness, fuzziness and numerous uncertainties in the evaluation process. In order to effectively guarantee the operational safety of tailing ponds, a tailing pond risk evaluation method based on a combined assignment-cloud model is proposed. From a system analysis perspective, this paper applies the physical-substance-human-reason (WSR) system theory to explore the factors affecting the safe operation of tailings ponds from three aspects; subject factors, object factors and organisational forms, and constructs a WSR-based tailings pond risk evaluation index system. Secondly, the improved G1 method and CRITIC method are used to assign subjective and objective weights to the evaluation indicators respectively, and the game theory algorithm calculates the combination coefficients with the best weights to derive the combination weights. Finally, the cloud model theory is combined to calculate the relative affiliation and comprehensive characteristic value of each indicator, and the risk level is classified based on the principle of maximum affiliation, and the visualisation effect is presented in the form of a cloud chart. The evaluation method is validated using a tailings pond in Yunnan Province as an example, and the results are consistent with the actual situation, and compared with unknown measures and other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The position time series of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) contain rich tectonic and non-tectonic deformation information, and the complex components are difficult to accurately model and effectively separate non-tectonic information. It is very important to remove the non-tectonic de‐ formation information for the accurate and effective application of the observation data. Methods: Empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is an adaptive time-frequency processing method to correct the period term of time series at 24 GNSS continuous stations and 2 mobile stations in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province. Results: The results show that the correction of the period term is necessary, and the EMD method can ex‐ tract the different frequency and amplitude period components adaptively according to its own characteristics of signal at each station. Compared with the original time series, the average root mean square error after correction is reduced significantly in N, E and U directions. And EMD method is more accurate and effective than harmonic model modification. We use the modified continuous station time series to simulate the mobile observations, and find that relatively reliable motion velocities can be obtained after an observation period of 5 ‐6 years. The stability and reliability of EMD method are verified by correcting the period term of the mobile station with the actual continuous observation station at a close distance. Conclusions: This paper provides a reference and theoretical basis for the implementation of mobile GNSS observation and the correction of observation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to promote the construction of ecological towns in the open area along the borders of Yunnan province and strengthen the national border ecological security, the present paper evaluates the land ecological security status of Ruili city from the ecological point of view, and analyzes its main obstacles. 【Method】Based on the DPSIR model, 18 indexes were selected to construct the land ecological security evaluation index system of Ruili city. The evaluation index weights were determined by entropy weight method, and the matter-element analysis was used to quantify the land ecological security evaluation. With the aid of obstacle degree model, the obstacle factors of land ecological security in Ruili city were analyzed, and the suggestions were proposed according to pathological diagnosis. 【Result】From 2010 to 2017, the land ecological security in Ruili city included two levels, which were ‘relatively safe transformation’ and ‘ideal safe transformation’. The overall level showed an upward trend, but the comprehensive correlation was always negative, indicating that the ecological security was not stable, and stable ecological background conditions should be established to effectively protect against external disturbances. Except for the state system and the influence system, the ecological security of other subsystems changed at different levels. Therefore, the land ecological development strategy should be formulated according to the theory of systematic coordinated development, and the land ecological security level of Ruili city should be improved in an all-round way. The obstacle factors affecting the land ecological security in Ruili city mainly include GDP per capita, proportion of cultivated land area, proportion of tertiary industry, construction land area per capita, grain output per unit of cultivated land, etc. Overall development strategy should be formulated according to the main obstacles, and blind expansion of construction land should be strictly controlled to improve the quality of cultivated land while stabilizing industrial and economic development, and consolidate ecological security at national border and lay a solid foundation for constructing ecological town.【Conclusion】During the study period, the level of land ecological security in Ruili city showed an upward trend, but the status of land ecological security did not reach a stable level. Therefore, improvement measures should be put forward based on obstacle factors to promote the stable development of land ecological security, to maintain the ecological security of the border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This paper aimed to study the pathogen and biological characteristics of three leaf diseases of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie in Yunnan province, and to provide theoretical basis for the control of leaf spot of A.tsaoko. 【Method】Three fungal diseases were discovered from A.tsaoko plantation in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan province. Three strains, including CG-N01, CG-N02 and CG-N03 were obtained by single spore culture, their pathogenicity was determined, spore morphology was observed according to morphological characteristics, and pathogen was identified by phylogenetic tree constructed by multi-gene sequence analysis (rDNA-ITS, tub2, LSU and tef-1 α), and biological characteristics were determined. 【Result】 The morphological characteristics of CG-N01, CG-N02 and CG-N03 were in accordance with the typical characters of Pyrus costina, Phoma matteuccola and Colletotrichum mondsii, respectively. The rDNA-ITS, LSU and tef-1 α sequences of CG-N01 were 489, 901 and 475 bp, respectively ( the login numbers were MN596209, MN689811 and MN696687, respectively) ; The rDNA-ITS, LSU and tef-1 α sequences of the strain CG-N02 were 517, 997 and 529 bp respectively (the login numbers were MN596212, MN650644 and MN696686, respectively) ; The rDNA-ITS, tub2 and tef-1 α sequences of strain CG-N03 were 560, 926 and 738 bp, respectively ( the login numbers were MN596210, MN650645 and MN696688, respectively). Purified strains of CG-N01, CG-N02 and CG-N03 had high homology with P. costina, P. matteuccola and C. simmondsii, respectively. Biological determination showed that strain CG-N01 was advantageous to mycelium growth and conidia formation under the conditions of 28 ℃, alternating light and dark, and pH 6.0. Strains CG-N02 and CG-N03 were favorable for sporulation at 25 ℃, alternating light and darkness, and pH 8.0. 【Conclusion】 This study first reported that C. simmondsii can infect and cause Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the biological characteristics of the pathogens of leaf spot, leaf blast and anthracnose were determined to provide scientific basis and theory support for the diversity study and effective control of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective] This paper aims to clarify the genetic diversity of cultivated V. mandarinia in Yunnan province, and to provide a basis for scientific domesticated breeding and bio-control of wasps. [Method] By using the mtDNA COⅠ gene marker, the mtDNA COⅠ gene of 237 domesticated individuals from 8 areas in Yunnan province was sequenced. The genetic diversity, genetic structure and genetic differentiation of the population were then analyzed. [Result] The results showed that a total of 600 bp coding region sequence of the mtDNA COⅠ gene of V. mandarinia was obtained, of which the content of A+T was 68.05%, and apparently showed an obvious AT bias. There were 563 conservative sites and 37 mutative sites, among which the mutation sites accounted for 6.16% of the total analyzed sites. Of 37 mutation sites, there were 30 transformation sites and 7 transposition sites, without insertion or deletion. A total of 12 haplotypes were obtained, of which 6 haplotypes were shared between populations, the rest of haplotypes were not shared between populations. The overall haplotype diversity (Hd) were 0.82958. The mean nucleotide difference (K) was 15.18387, and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.02526. The genetic distance within each population ranged from 0.00 to 0.0283, and the genetic distance between each population ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0544; there were 50.48% of the mutation originate from inter-population and 49.52% from within population, indicating that the mutation mainly came from outside the population. Fst was 0.50482, the difference was significant (P<0.001）, indicating that there was a greater genetic differentiation between populations. COⅠ gene haplotypes mainly had two clusters, most haplotypes had only one mutation site between them. [Conclusion] The haplotype diversity of the cultured wasp population in Yunnan was high, but the nucleotide diversity was low. The original populations of the cultured V. mandarinia in Yunnan originated from a small number of individuals, and gene exchange was carried out with the local wild populations or introduced populations during the breeding process. There were differences in genetic diversity among the populations. It is recommended that the domesticated populations should use local indigenous sources as much as possible to prevent the introduction of provenances from other places and the gene exchange with wild populations after accidental discharge of domesticated individuals. This would lead to an increase in the genetic diversity of local wild populations, thereby increase the adaptability of wild populations, leading to rapid population expansion. This would help to reduce impact on local biodiversity, especially pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer to wheat, effects of reduced application rates of nitrogen on yield and quality of wheat were analyzed in Yunnan province. [Method] Using a two-factor randomized block design, the newly bred dryland wheat varieties Yunmai 76 and Yunmai 77 were used as materials to set up a nitrogen-use efficiency experiment including 5 N application rates, namely, 300 kg/hm²(N1),240 kg/hm²(N2), 180 kg/hm²(N3) and 120 kg/hm²(N4) and no nitrogen fertilizer(N5), respectively. The related indexes of grain yield, yield components and quality under different rates were determined. The correlation between grain yield and spike number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight was analyzed. [Result] Under different nitrogen application rates, the yield of Yunmai 76 and Yunmai 77 decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rates. When the nitrogen application rate decreased from 300 kg/hm² to 240 kg/hm², the yield decreased by 1.38% and 0.30%, respectively; When the nitrogen application rate decreased to 180 kg/hm²or below 180 kg/hm², the yield was significantly decreased. In terms of yield components, the number of panicles per unit area significantly decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate; However, the effect of nitrogen application rate on 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike was not significant. The results of correlation analysis between yield and components showed that there was a extremely significant positive correlation between yield and panicle number(R=0.92）. There was no significant correlation with grain number per spike, but a significant negative correlation with 1000-grain weight. Under the rateof N180 kg/hm² and no nitrogen application, the yield of Yunmai 77 was 10.67% and 28.87% higher than that of Yunmai 76, respectively, and the yield decrease of Yunmai 77 was much lower than that of Yunmai 76 under the same N treatment. In terms of quality, protein content and wet gluten content decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rates, and the differences were significant; The responses of sedimentation value, stability time and formation time to nitrogen application varied with different varieties. The sedimentation value of Yunmai 76 decreased at first and then increased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate, but the nitrogen reduction rate had no significant effect on the sedimentation value of Yunmai 77. [Conclusion] Yunmai 77 is a wheat variety with tolerant low nitrogen. Considering the yield and quality comprehensively, under the experimental conditions, when the conventional nitrogen application rate in this area is 300 kg/hm², the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and quality can be realized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aims to explore the feasibility of DNA barcoding applied to the identification of flies in Yunnan province, China, and to set up DNA database for flies in Yunnan. [Method ] Diptera insects trapped by microbial attractants in Hekou county, Dali city, Jianchuan county, Mengzi city and Yuanjiang county of Yunnan province were identified by CO! gene sequence, and their genetic distances of families, genera and species taxa were compared. [Result] Forty-three species of insects belonging to 21 genera, 7 families including Drosophilidae, Tephritidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Sarcophgidae and Anthomyiidae, were collected in the 5 places in Yunnan. lntraspecific divergence ranged between 0. 002 and 0. 098, interspecific divergence average 0. 156. Phylogenetic tree showed that most of the same species gathered closely although some species were not in line with their morphology based on their sequences data. The average genetic distances among species of Drosophilidae, Tephritidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Sarcophgidae and Anthomyiidae were 0. 151, 0. 225, 0. 123, 0. 143, 0. 158, 0. 158 and 0. 103, respectively. The intraspecific genetic distances were 0. 006, 0. 025, 0. 012, 0. 013, 0. 011, 0. 006 and 0. 01, respectively. The genetic distances among 7 families were 25. 2, 10. 2, 10. 2, 11. 0, 14. 4, 27 . 3 and 10. 3 times of intraspecific genetic distances, respectively. [Conclusion] DNA barcoding based on CO/ gene can be used as a complementary means for morphological identification of some common flies in Yunnan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim of the paper was to explore the effects of simple fruit thinning methods for different canopy on the quality of early ripening citrus fruits in Yunnan, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation techniques of early ripening citrus fruits. [Method] Using the early-ripening citrus variety 'Okitus wase' as the test material, the tree crown was evenly divided into three parts :upper part, middle part and lower part Three treatments were designed: thinning the upper part of the tree crown (Tl), thinning the lower part of the tree crown (TI) and non thinning (CK),to analyze the fruit development,post-harvest quality and changes in tree carbohydrate nutrition after fruit thinning. [Result] Compared with the control, different canopy thinning treatments had different effects on fruit developmenL The development of transverse and longitudinal diameter of T2 was always better than that of CK ; The fruits of Tl and CK were flat and round, and the fruits of T2 were nearly round When the fruits were mature, the ratio of soluble solids and sugar to acid in Tl and TI were significantly higher than that of CK, while their titrated acid content decreased slightly ; The brightness and yellowness of peels in T2 were significantly higher than those of CK, while its the greenness was lower. After fruit thinning, the overall root carbohydrate decreased first and then increased The contents cl total soluble sugar and starch in the root of TI were significantly higher than that of CK in late October after fruit picking. [Conclusion] Thinning fruit in the lower part of the canopy will significantly promote fruit growth, improve coloring, enhance fruit quality and increase tree nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The pmpose of this paper is to obtain the basis information of Potyviruses distribution and investigate Potyvirus species between resistant and susceptible tobacco varieties to PVY in field in Yunnan Province. [Method] During 2017 to 2019,497 tobacco samples with typical Potyviral symptoms were collected in 5 cities, 13 tobacco planting counties (districts) in Yunnan Province and the types of Potyviruses on the main susceptible and resistant varieties to PVY were analyzed. [Result] The results showed that 85. 1 % of 497 tobacco samples were infected by Potyviruses in total. Furthermore, the detection rates of TVBMV, ChiVMV, PVY, and TEV were 58. 8 %, 23. 3 %, 14. 9% and 7. 8% respectively. In terms of the rank of detection rates of Potyviruses in the PVY susceptible varieties, the detection rate of TVBMV was the highest in Qujing,and for ChiVMV was in Yuxi,and for PVY was in Zhaotong. The PVY detection rate on the PVY-resistance varieties was 5. 8% around and much lower than that of susceptible varieties (22. 5%). PVY resistant varieties showed a good crop protection for the PVY disease. [ Conclusion] The analysis showed that the resistant varieties which contained va locus dramatically reduced the yield loss in the high incidence areas of PVY, and the increase of TVBMV detection rate in PVY resistant varieties was due to the decrease of PVY incidence rate, and the resistant varieties did not increase the harm of TVBMV and ChiVMV. However, the single va resistant locus had no effect on the TVBMV and ChiVMV. Therefore, the investigation of Potyviruses species should be carried out before introduce va-containing varieties into the area. TVBMV and ChiVMV had been the emerging disease in Yunnan's main tobacco growing areas, resulting in low yield and quality loss. It is necessary to establish new method to detect these causal agents and to screen moreresistant germplasm resources for TVBMV and ChiVMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to solve the technical problems of weed control and screen out the best herbicides for providing a basis for the safe and efficient use of herbicide in Yunnan castor fields. [Method] Eight kinds of herbicide treatments were studied by detecting physiological indexes and the safety of the field survey, at the same time evaluating the use of herbicides influence on castor growth period, agronomic traits and yield. [Result] The experiment results showed that the plant height of castor and functional leaf SP AD (chlorophyll content) of the treatment group of 480 g/L trifluralin with dosage of ingredient 3240 g!hm2 decreased for 14 days after spraying the herbicide. Therefore, the use of soil-sealed herbicide could not meet the production needs in Yunnan. The plant height and SPAD for 14 days after using 25% rimsulfuron between the seeding stage and the budding stage of castor were not affected, and using 25% rimsulfuron with the dosage of ingredient 90 g/ hm2 +45% quizalofop-P-ethy with dosage of ingredient 62 g/hm2 not only had the best weed control effect in the fields, but also the main spike height, effective raceme number of single plant, main spike capsules, area yield (main spike), yield increase rate of castor were significantly higher than those of the control group. [Conclusion] Rimsulfuron alone after seedling is not enough to effectively control various weeds in Yunnan castor fields. Mixed rimsulfuron and quizalofop-P-ethyl together can improve the main agronomic characters and yield performance of castor. Rimsulfuron has a good application prospect in weed control of Yunnan castor fields after seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the combining ability and the correlation of yield and ear characters of twenty new bred maize inbred lines. [Method] NC-Ⅱ mating design was applied in this research, twenty new bred maize inbred lines were crossed with five testers for obtaining 100 crosses. The utilization potential of crosses were evaluated through the analysis of combining ability and ear characters in two different ecological environment in Yunnan province. [Result] The result showed that all the ear characters were showed extremely significant level(P<0.01) at the cross, line, tester and line×tester, in addition to ear length, ear diameter, row ear number and kernel rate, the differences of ear characters between different locations were extremely significant level (P<0.01). The inbred lines with high significant yield general combining ability (GCA) effects were L1,L2,L3,L4,L6, L7 and L17. Among the top ten strong heterotic combinations, T1×L3, T5×L17, T1×L2, T3×L8, T4×L1, T4×L13, T4×L15, T1×L19, T5×L6 and T5×L16 had showed high significant special combining ability (SCA), most of those crosses were Flint×Dent (Semi-dent) or Dent(Semi-dent) ×Flint. Correlation analysis showed that the GCA effects of maize ear characters such as ear length, ear diameter, kernel row number and weight per 100 kernels had significantly positive correlation to the yield GCA, however, row ear number and kernel rate had not significant correlation with the yield GCA, the results showed that ear length, ear diameter, kernel row number and weight per 100 kernels had significant contributions to maize yield improvement. [Conclusion] According to our comprehensive analysis on the combining ability of yield and ear characters of 20 new bred inbred lines, seven lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L6, L7 and L17 showed higher utilization potential in the future maize breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to provide a bas is for the development and utilization of excellent germplasm resources of wild kiwifruit in Yunnan Province, the sensory traits, morphological indicators, nutrient contents and nutritional quality of excellent germplasm resources of wild kiwifruit were comprehensively comparative analysis in this paper. [Method] The selection criteria were established with the objectives of large fruits, hairless or less hairy, and high quality, and the 'LB-2', 'LBBH-1 ' and 'XSD-1' were selected through the evaluation of sensory and morphological indexes, and their total sugar, total acid, vitamin C and soluble solids contents were determined and analyzed. According to the evaluation method of quality comprehensive index, the nutritional quality of 3 excellent germplasm resources was compared and analyzed with the cultivar 'Yunmi No. 1'. [Result] The order of fruit longitudinal diameter was 'XSD-1' > 'LB-2' > 'LBBH-1', and the difference between 'LB-2', 'LBBH-1' and 'Yunmi No. 1' were significant. The order of fruit transverse diameter was 'LBBH-1' > 'LB-2' > 'XSD-1', and the differences between the three excellent germplasm resources and 'Yunmi No. 1' reached a significant level. The order of fruit lateral diameter was 'LBBH-1' > 'LB-2' > 'XSD-1', the differences between the three excellent germplasm resources were not significant but reached a significant level with 'Yunmi No. 1'. The fruit weight per fruit was in the order of 'LBBH-1' > 'XSD 1' > 'LB-2', and the difference between the germplasm resources and 'Yunmi No. 1' reached a significant level. The total sugar and acid content of the germplasm resources were lower than that of 'Yunmi No. 1' in the order of 'LB-2 ' > 'LBBH-1' > 'XSD-1'. The order of sugar to acid ratio was 'XSD-1' > 'LBBH-1' > 'LB-2', with 'XSD-1' being the sweetest, 'LBBH-1 ' the second sweetest and ' LB-2 ' the least sweet in terms of flavor. The germplasm resources all had lower vitamin C content than 'Yunmi No. 1', and the highest soluble solids content was found in 'LB-2', while both 'LBBH-1 ' and 'XSD-1' had lower than the 'Yunmi No. 1'. The overall evaluation index was in the order of 'LB-2' > 'LBBH-1' > 'XSD-1' from high to low. [Conclusion] The order of comprehensive nutritional quality from high to low was 'LB-2' > 'LBBH-1' > 'XSD-1', and the three excellent resources of wild kiwifruit had uniform fruit size, neat and beautiful fruit shape, good flavor, fine texture, and rich juice, which had great development and utilization value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to consider the impact of agricultural technology levels and natural endowment on agricultural carbon emissions and carbon sinks, this paper revised the method for calculating agricultural carbon compensation, obtaining the agricultural carbon compensation of each province（cities）in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2007 to 2016 and conducted a comparative analysis. The results showed：both Jiangxi and Hunan′s agricultural carbon emission redundancy were zero, and their agricultural technology level was relatively high, while Zhejiang and Yunnan had high agricultural carbon emission redundancy, with average values reaching 2.371 8 and 1.751 3 million tons respectively, and their levels of agricultural technology were low. The average annual adjustment coefficient of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan was less than 1; the endowment of agricultural natural resources in these areas was higher than the overall level in the Yangtze River economic belt. After revision, the carbon offsets of Zhejiang and Yunnan changed from positive to negative, indicating that these two provinces had changed from carbon compensation areas to carbon payment areas. The amount of agricultural carbon compensation in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou increased compared with that before revision, while the amount of agricultural carbon compensation in Jiangxi and Sichuan decreased compared with that before revision. The provinces of the Yangtze River economic belt should strengthen the construction of agricultural natural endowment, strengthen the value of the ecological background, enhance the carbon sink function of agricultural ecosystems, and improve the fairness of agricultural carbon compensation standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic changes and driving forces of grassland resources in Huize county of Yunnan province. [ Method] Based on the remote sensing data of2009a and 2016a, the change and driving force of grassland resources in the study area were analyzed quantitatively by comprehensive dynamic change of grassland resources, geo-informatic spectrum and logistic re gression model with the township as the research scale. [ Result] From the data of 2009 - 2016, the comprehensive dynamic change of grass land resources was 5. 85%, in which Xinjie township ( 14. 21 % ) and Tianba township ( 14. 00%) were more drastic changes, Wuxing township (2. 53%) and Jinzhong town (3. 41 % ) were relatively stable; According to the geo-informatic spectrum, the increased patch area of grassland resources was 41 953. 43 hm², the decreased area was 20 818. 92 hm², and the net increase was 21 134. 51 hm², which the newly increased grassland resources mainly came from woodland and cultivated land, accounting for 56. 85%, and the decreased grassland resources mainly flowed to woodland and cultivated land, accounting for 52. 20% ; From the driving forces of grassland resources change, the driving forces of grassland resources increase were annual rainfall, distance from highway, slope 25° - 90° and per capita net income; The driving forces affecting the reduction of grassland resources were annual rainfall, slope 25° - 90° and distance from highway; The driving forces affecting the overall change of grassland resources were slope 25° - 90°, 15° - 25°, 6° - 15°, 2° - 6°, annual average rainfall, ele vation and distance from highway. [ Conclusion] This study can provide important basis for ecological environment protection and sustainable development of Huize county in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the time and space of Ewbasidium vexans Massee in Yunnan and guide its prevention and control. [ Method] The occurrence of Ew basidium vexans Massee was investigated at different altitudes and different varieties in Yunnan tea growing areas. [Result] The beginning period was from late June to early August, and the hazard intensity was from August to December. Ewbasidium vexans Massee was less harm in tea garden of machine-picking and light pruning after hand-picking spring tea and winter treatments. Exobasidium vexans Massee was seriously harm in high shade tea garden. [Conclusion ] The beginning period and the hazard intensity of Ewbasidium vexans Massee were significant differences at different tea growing areas and years. The beginning period and the hazard intensity depend on environmental conditions, tea varieties and cultivation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco and soil chemical properties. [Method] All of 235 tobacco leaf samples and soil samples were collected from typical aromatic tobacco growing areas in Yunnan province. The main soil factors affecting the chemical quality of Yunnan fragrant tobacco leaves were studied by correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and principal component analysis. [Result] The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in Yunnan tobacco were 30.87% and 27.21, respectively ;the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and potassium were in the appropriate range, which were 1.91, 2.63% and 1.91% respectively ;The results showed that the pH value of the main tobacco planting soils in Yunnan was moderate, with an average of 6.3. The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available molybdenum and available sulfur were in the rich level. The contents of total potassium and humic acid were on the low level. The contents of organic matter, fulvic acid, available boron, water-soluble chloride ion, salt content and CEC (total amount of cation exchange) were in the middle level. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, starch and potassium in tobacco leaves were significantly positive correlation with total potassium in soil. Two sugar difference and sugar alkali ratio were significantly positive correlation with soil available molybdenum content. Two sugar difference was significantly positive correlation with soil humic acid content, and was significantly negative correlation with soil chloride ion content. [Conclusion] The contents of total potassium, available molybdenum, humic acid and water-soluble chloride ion in tobacco growing soil of Yunnan tobacco growing areas are the most important indicators affecting the chemical quality of tobacco leaves in Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeschynanthus fulgens Wall. ex R. Br. is newly recorded from Cangyuan County, Yunnan in China. In this paper, Chinese description of the species was enriched, its voucher specimen and pictures were also supplemented. The pollen morphological characteristics of A. fulgens Wall. ex R. Br. and A. hookeri C. B. Clarke were compared, and the differences of pollen morphology and the ornamentations of the two were found to be significant. The vouchers are kept in the herbaria of Henan Agricultural University (HEAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to obtain the optimum cultivation period and the best harvesting time of Psammosilene tunicoides. in a year. [ Method] The contents of moisture, total ash and alcohol extract content were determined for samples with different cultivation years and different harvesting time. [ Result] The moisture, total ash and alcohol extract content of Psammosilene tunicoides. samples with different cultivation years and different harvesting time were in accordance with the relevant standards. From the second year of cultivation, the content of alcohol extract increased gradually, and increased the fastest from the second year to the third year, and harvested in October was the highest. ( Conclusion) In Lijiang city, Yunnan province, the optimum cultivation period was 3 years and the best harvesting time of Psammosilene tunicoides. in a year was in October. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to improve the drought resistance of flue-cured tobacco in field growth period and solve the effect of drought from transplanting to rosette stage on tobacco yield and quality in Yunnan Province. [ Method] The study was carried out by systematic examination and evaluation of S4 traits for four plastic film mulching patterns ( furrow film mulching, M wide ridge double row film mulching, submembrane seedling transplanting, ordinary film mulching), including agronomic characters, photosynthetic properties, yield, benefit, physical properties, chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobaco MSK326. [Result] The 6 agronomic characters ( plant height, stem girth, internode distance, effective leaf number, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area) of MSK326 tobacco plants with four plastic film mulching patterns were topping stage > pIU8perous period > rosette stage, among which 7 agronomic characters ( plant height, stem girth, internode distance, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area) of prosperous period and 3 photosynthetic characters ( stomata conductance, intracellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate) were significantly different, and the yield, the ratio of superior tobacco, middle and upper tobacco, average price and output value were significantly different among the four plastic film mulching patterns. The yield and output value of ridge and furrow mulching of flue-cured tobacco were the highest, which were 5. 53 % and 8. 58 % higher than those of common film mulching of flue-cured tobacco, respectively. Ridge and furrow film mulching patterns were the highest not only in the 7 agronomic characters ( plant height, stem girth, internode distance, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area ), 4 photosynthetic characters ( stomata conductance, intracellular CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate) 6 yield / benefit traits (yield, first-class tobacco, medium class tobacco, middle/upper class tobacco, average price, value of output) and 5 physical characters ( opening rate, leaf thickness, single leaf llllJl!8, equilibrium moisture content, physical property index) of tobacco plants, hut also the highest in S chemical components ( total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, rate of sugar to nicotine, rate of potassium to chlorine), 6 8enllOI'}' qualities ( fragrant temperament, fragrant gas volume, miscellaneous gas, permeable, flexibility, sweetness ) and total score of smoking of the middle tobacco leaves. [ Conclusion] The agronomic characters, yield characters and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco covered with furrow film mulching were the highest, and the chemical composition and internal quality of middle tobacco leaves were more coordinated. These results revealed that the new planting model of flue-cured tobacco ridge and furrow mulching could provide reference for solving the drought of tobacco transplanting period and improving the yield, quality and economic benefit of tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to provide theoretical basis for the rational application of potassium and chlorine fertilizer in the flue-cured tobacco production in Yunnan raw material base of Yunyan brand.【Method】 1130 soil samples from 37 counties of Kunming, Qujing, Honghe, Baoshan, Wenshan were used as materials to determine the content of potassium and chlorine in tobacco samples. The characteristics of potassium and chlorine ratio in different regions, main varieties, soils at different altitudes and tobacco leaves in Yunnan raw material base of Yunyan brand were analyzed. The potassium chlorine ratio of tobacco leaves was regionalized by ArcGIS. 【Result】The results showed that the samples with potassium chloride ratio more than 10 % were the most, accounting for 43.2 %; The samples with potassium chloride ratio between 4.0 % and 6.0 % were the least, accounting for 11.7 %. Qujing had the largest number of towns with low K/C ratio(< 4 %) and Wenshan had the smallest; Qujing had the largest number of towns with high K/C ratio(> 10 %), while other cities had the same number. The main cultivar with the highest mean of K/C ratio in middle tobacco leaves was Yunyan 85, which was 14.41; The lowest was Yunyan 97, which was 7.30; The others were between 8.44 and 12.73. The highest mean of K/C ratio of middle tobacco leaves in different altitude areas was 11.72, which was mainly distributed in the altitude area of 1100-1400 meters; The lowest was 8.91, which was mainly distributed in the altitude area of 2000-2300 meters. 【Conclusion】In order to production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan raw material base of Yunyan brand, areas with high K/C ratio of tobacco leaves in Kunming, Qujing, Honghe, Baoshan and Wenshan could be selected. K326, Yunyan 87, Yunyan 85 and other high efficient flue-cured tobacco varieties for potassium accumulation and utilization could be selected. It could be planted at the altitude of 1100-2000 meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to objectively and comprehensively evaluate Yunnan japonica rice varieties, and explore a new method for comprehensive evaluation of rice varieties.【Method】12 traits of 13 rice varieties were analyzed with yield level,grey correlative degree analysis and DTOPSIS. 【Result】The five varieties Yunjing 46, Lijing 22, Kunjing 10, Lijing 23 and Zhaojing 13 were judged according to yield level. The coefficient of variation was 7.26 %, and the difference between the maximum and minimum values was 21.04 %. The yield difference was small, so it was concluded that the adaptability of the five varieties in Yunnan’s high altitude areas was relatively good and no significant difference; According to the gray correlation method, and the coefficient of variation was 14.06 % The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value was 40.14 %, which indicated that the adaptability of different japonica rice varieties at high altitudes was relatively large. While according to the DTOPSIS method, the Ci value of japonica rice varieties had the largest difference, and the coefficient of variation was 20.34 %. The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value was 58.45 %, which indicated that there were differences in the adaptability of different japonica rice varieties in high altitude regions, and the differences were large. 【Conclusion】The three methods had different conclusions. Compared with the grey correlative degree analysis and DTOPSIS, the DTOPSIS method had a better comprehensive evaluation of the adaptability of different japonica rice varieties at high altitudes based directly on yield weights, especially the DTOPSIS method had the best comprehensive evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the aroma substance basis and main aroma species of ‘ Yunkang No. 10 ’ large leaf black tea with different fermentation degree. ' Method] The aroma was extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction，and the content of aroma was determined by GC-MS，the aroma components of Yunnan large leaf black tea ‘ Yunkang No. 10 ’ were compared and analyzed and evaluated by the national standard sensory evaluation. ' Result】95 and 108 aromatic compounds were identified fromtwo kinds of black tea， which were fermented for 4 and 5 hours，respectively. The total aroma was 579.27 and 740.11 "g/L，respectively，which mainly included alcohols，esters，aldehydes，terpenes，ketones，etc. The average contents of alcohols，esterr and aldehydes in the two kinds of tea with different fermentation degrees were higher， in which alcohols accounted for 42. 98 ' and 42. 86 ' respectively，far higher than otlier com¬ pounds. The aroma components with higher content were linalool，geraniol，methyl salicylate，phenylacetaldehyde，dihydrolinalool，*Myr- cene， *-Ionone，etc. The aromatic compounds of linalool，geraniol，methyl salicylate，phenylacetaldehyde，*-Myrcene，*-Ionone，in black tea fermented for 5 hours were higher than those fermented for 4 hours; At the same time，the sensory evaluation results showed that there were some differences between the two scents，the black tea fermented for 4 hours had the clear sweet flavor，fermented for 5 hours had not only sweet flavor，but also rich floral and fruit aroma. ' Conclusion] The aroma types and contents of two kinds of heavy withered black leaf tea with different fermentative degrees were significantly different. The results provided a theoretical basis for the development of high-quality Yunnan black tea with aroma of characteristic flower and fruit [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate occurrence and distribution of Potato virus A(PVA), and analyze genetic variation of PVA in Yunnan Province. [Method] Using DAS-ELISA, 389 potato samples from 19 potato-growing regions of Yunnan Province were tested.Using RT-PCR, P3 protein genes of PVA from 5 positive potato samples were amplified, cloned and sequenced.P3 protein gene sequences of 5 PVA isolates from different regions of Yunnan Province and other 13 PVA isolates were analyzed by DNAMAN and DNAStar, and phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-joining(NJ) method of MEGA6.0. [Result] The positive sample detertion rates of PVA were 20.82 % among 389 samples. The DNA fragments of 1041 bp were amplified from 5 positive samples of PVA from different regions of Yunnan Province by RT-PCR with the specific primers for P3 protein gene. The sequence analysis results showed that there were higher amino acid sequence identities 98.8 %-99.7 % and 97.6%-100.0 % of P3 and PIPO proteins between 5 Yunnan PVA isolates than amino acid sequence identities 90.8 %-99.1 % and 90.5 %-100.0 % of P3 and PIPO proteins between Yunnan 5 PVA isolates and other 13 PVA isolates.Phylogenetic tree results showed that genetic relationship was the most close between 5 Yunnan isolates andthe Hunan isolate of PVA(KF977085).Contrastly, genetic relationship was most far between PVAisolates from potato and those from tamarillo. [Conclusion] PVA was prevalent in Yunnan province. There was genetic variation between PVA isolates in Yunnan Province. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PVA isolates had host adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to understand the effects of altitude and sowing date on the synthesis and accumulation of quinoaquality indexes. 【Method】 Longli 1, a quinoa cultivar, was used as material sowed in the urban area(916 meters above sea level) and Hexin Farm(1800 meters above sea level) of Mangshi, Yunnan province on June 10, September 10, and November 10, 2017, respectively. The main quality properties were determined after harvest.【Result】 In low altitude areas, the high temperature caused the decreasing of the contents of flavonoids, soluble protein and vitamin E, which indicated that these components were not conducive to synthesis and accumulation under high temperature condition, and the increasing of the contents of total amino acids, ascorbic acid, amyloseand mineral element iron, which indicated that maybe a certain range of high temperature was conducive to their biosynthesis and accumulated more; while soluble sugar, amylopectin, mineral elements magnesium, zinc and calcium had little change, indicating the biosynthesis and accumulation of these five indicators were not sensitive to temperature. In high altitude areas, the biosynthesis and accumulation of most indicators were not affected by sowing date.【Conclusion】High altitude areas are most suitable for quinoa growth, but low altitude and high temperature environment are not conducive to growth and development of quinoa. This research provides an important theoretical basis for the selection of suitable sowing date and planting altitude to improve the nutritional quality of quinoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds of Erigeron bremscapus collected from Yunnan in spring were used as the test materials, the effects of storage humidity, storage temperature, storage duration and illumination, temperature, iinhihilional condition on seed germination rate were studied. The results were as follows; (1) Reducing the storage humidity (15%RH) and the stor-age temperature (-20, 4 °C ) of the seeds was beneficial to the seed preservation, which could prolong the seed life to more than two years, and the germination rate could reach more than 80%; High temperatures (35, 45 °C) and high humidity (60% RH) accelerated the aging of seeds, which was not conducive to preservation, so the seeds were short-lived seed. (2) There was no significance of germination rate in either light or dark, so the seeds were light-neutral, but light was beneficial to the seedling formation after seed germination. (3) The optimum temperature for the seed germination was 25 °C, and the germination rale was 84.37%. (4) The low temperature (4 °C) and high temperatures (30, 35 °C ) beneficial to increase the emergence rate. (5) The seeds -resistant. Therefore, in seed research and production of must be avoided for seed germination in production, which was were insensitive to imbibilional damage, so the seeds were cob medicinal materials, mature seeds should be dried and sealed in low temperature immediately after harvest, and sown early in spring; In seedling production, suitable lighting condition is necessary, a separate constant temperature (25 °C ) culture room should be set, and cold season sowing should also be avoided. This paper studying the suitable storage conditions and germination characteristics for the seeds of E. hreviscapus, will provide effective guidance lor the reasonable storage of the rare medicinal species and high yield planting in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With years of large-scale poverty relief and development, the poverty-stricken population in China's rural areas has declined sharply and the situation of poverty has been effectively relieved. However, the task of poverty relief and development is still arduous due to a large cardinal number in poverty population. In particular, the poverty governance in border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities has always been the most difficult “hard nut” in the strategy of poverty alleviation. Revealing the multidimensional poverty degree and spatial differentiation rules in the rural areas is conducive to promoting poverty alleviation and development work and poverty alleviation and income increase of poor farmers in border areas. Taking Zhenyuan county of Yunnan Province as an example, this paper studied the multidimensional poverty degree, and its spatial pattern and leading factors of 109 villages in Zhenyuan based on the multidimensional poverty evaluation index system by the multidimensional poverty measurement model, Moran index, Geodetector and other mathematical methods. The results revealed that: the degree of multidimensional poverty in Zhenyuan was higher, 55 villages are at high poverty levels, and the spatial pattern is characterized by “high poverty in the East and West, followed by the South and North, and low poverty in the middle”; The multidimensional poverty in the rural areas of Zhenyuan county has a significant spatial agglomeration feature. The high-value centers of agglomeration are mainly distributed in Enle town and Anban town in the middle, while the low-value centers of agglomeration are mainly distributed in Zhentai town in the west; The main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of multidimensional poverty in Zhenyuan include the arable land per capita, the proportion of arable land over 25°, the traffic situation out of the village, the driving time to the county government residence, the intensity of pesticide use, the intensity of geological disasters, the proportion of land circulation area, the proportion of poverty stricken population and the annual per capita net income. Therefore, the local governments should formulate reasonable and targeted poverty alleviation strategies according to regional advantage resources. First, coordinate the flow of resource elements among the regions, increase the investment in the higher poverty level area, solve the problems of education, medical treatment and housing of poor farmers, prevent the phenomenon of returning to poverty due to education, disease and housing. Second, it is necessary to develop characteristic industries according to the resource advantages in different areas of Zhenyuan, the central region should vigorously develop pig, vegetable and other characteristic industries, and the eastern and western regions should focus on the development of flue-cured tobacco and forest economy. Third, vigorously implement the policy of poverty alleviation and relocation. The most direct and effective way to improve the bread-and-butter issue of the farmers in the ecologically fragile areas of Zhenyuan county is to carry out the relocation of ecological poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the unreasonable use of cultivated land in China has caused a series of serious problems. Therefore, the state has put forward an important measure of "Exploring Pilot Program of Farmland Rotation and Fallow System ". Labor force is one of the main factors of agricultural production. Therefore, it is of strategic significance to further promote the national rotation fallow policy, modernization and urbanization to sum up the situation of farmer's rotation fallow land and labor force transfer and grasp the effect of fallow area on labor force transfer. Based on this, this paper uses the relevant survey data of 1542 households in six counties of Hebei, Gansu and Yunnan provinces to analyze the situation of farmer's rotation fallow land and labor transfer, and uses Tobit regression model to quantitatively analyze the impact of fallow area on labor transfer. The results show that: (1) There is a difference between the ratio of fallow households and fallow area per household in the study area, and the order of which is both Gansu > Yunnan > Hebei; (2) 62.97% of the households in the study area have the phenomenon of labor transfer, and the number of labor transfer of fallow households far exceeds that of non-fallow households; (3) The core variable, fallow area, has a significant positive impact on labor transfer; the control variable, the total household population, gender of householder, labor education level, medical expenditure, the distance from residence to highway and average wage per labor force have a significant positive impact on labor transfer, while the dependency ratio has a significant negative impact on labor transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to verify the feasibility of China's total poverty alleviation in 2020. Firstly, this paper establishes a theoretical model of poverty alleviation and analyzes the exogenous influence in the model. Then, the GM(1,1) is improved according to the rule of poverty alleviation, and a prediction model for poverty alleviation is const nutted. And then, the macro dais from 2012 lo 20lii are used to analyze the progress of poverty alleviation, the results showed that; 1) Regardless of the poverty areas or the whole country as the research object, the goal nf poverty alleviation by 'M)'M) cannot be achieved under the intensity of poverty alleviation in 2016; 2) When the national poverty alleviation input, increases to 1.4656*^1.6840 times in 2fllfi. the goal of total poverty alleviation by 2020 will he achieved; 3) Hehei. Hainan, Yunnan and Xinjiang mainly focus on policy-oriented poverty alleviation at present, and these areas have, an obvious trend of returning to poverty outside the policy support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to improve the yield and quality of Chinese bayberry and promote the development of green-efficient bayberry industry. [Method] Taking Biqi bayberry as test materials, the application of humic acid soluble fertilizer(HASF)was studied for higher yield and better quality fruit, while two field experiments were conducted in Fumin County and Panlong District, Yunnan Province. [Result] The results showed that the yield and fruit quality were improved by spraying HASF with 800-1000 times concentration at pre-flowering, young fruit and fruit enlarged stage, based on conventional fertilization. The average single fruit weight, yield and net income of bayberry of spraying HASF were significantly higher than those of spraying water(CK), with up to 27. 86 %-31. 54 %, 13. 0 %-13. 4 % and 13. 8 %-14. 2 %, respectively, and the contents of soluble solids and vitamin C(Vc) increased by 18. 4 %-19. 54 %and 18. 56 %-24. 9 %, respectively. However, compared with conventional fertilization, spraying water had no significant effect on fruit yield and quality. [Conclusion] The yield, quality and economic benefit of bayberry could be improved significantly by applying HASF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to optimize the spatial pattern of land use and promote the sustainable development of the land, taking the Jiangchuan District of Yuxi City, Yunnan Province as the research area, in this paper, we adopted the CLUE-S (The Conversion of Land Use and its effects at Small Region Extent) and ecological sensitivity analysis methods that were applied to the optimal allocation of land use spatial pattern in Jiangchuan District. We took the highly sensitive region as the regional constraint document in the CLUE-S model to highlight the key areas of ecological protection in the studied area. Based on the comprehensive ecological sensitivity zoning as the driving force factor affecting the land use change in the study area, a land use scenario simulation method was proposed in which the ecological sensitivity was integrated into the land use spatial pattern optimization configuration process and results. With the use of land use data in 2006 and 2016, the land use spatial pattern of 2025 in the two modes of natural development scenarios and land ecological optimization scenarios in Jiangchuan District would be optimized. The simulation results of optimized configuration were analyzed and validated based on ecological sensitivity partition. The results showed that by selecting five secondary indicators of soil erosion intensity, land use type, vegetation coverage, distance from water source and disaster susceptibility, we constructed a watershed ecological sensitivity evaluation index system. Jiangchuan District's ecological sensitivity was mainly moderate or above sensitivity, and the area was 57 111.37 hm², accounting for 70.91% of the total area of Jiangchuan District. According to the results of ecological sensitivity assessment, Jiangchuan District was divided into highly sensitive, moderately sensitive, mildly sensitive and non-sensitive, and it was divided into ecological protection core area, control development area and suitable development area. In addition, based on the 2006 land use data, and use of the CLUE-S model, the spatial pattern of land use in Jiangchuan District in 2016 was simulated. Compared with the land use data in 2016, the correct raster number of the simulation results accounted for 81.59% of the total number of grids. The Kappa coefficient was 0.779 1, and the CLUE-S model can be used to simulate the spatial pattern of land use in Jiangchuan District in 2025. Moreover, in the two scenarios, the land use pattern of Jiangchuan District in 2025 had both common features and differences. In the two scenarios, the original forest land, farmland, unused land and urban and residential land pattern were effectively protected, but the spatial distribution patterns of newly added forest land and grassland were different. The results of the optimal allocation of land use spatial pattern in Jiangchuan District in 2025 were verified. According to the distribution of major land use types in different sensitive areas in 2025 and the land use status in 2016, the spatial pattern of land use in Scenario 2 was better than natural development scenarios and the status of land use in 2016. The research results showed that the land ecological optimization scenario was more reasonable, which not only could reduce the area of cultivated land, but also consider the needs of ecological protection and urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope farmland is an important part of cultivated land resources in hilly areas of China. Identifying the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of slope farmland resources is of great significance for rational planning and utilization of slope farmland resources and water and soil ecological environment construction. In this paper, using the land use data for 7 time points from 1980 to 2015, based on GIS spatial analysis technology, dynamic degree model, kemel density estimation and landscape pattern index model, the spatio-temporal distribution pattern and evolution law of slope farmland in Yunnan for nearly 35 years were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the area of slope farmland in Yunnan was 472.55×104 hm², accounting for 69.79% of the cultivated land area, and the average slope was 15.62°. The relationship between the area ratio of slope farmland in different agricultural divisions was: Southwestern Yunnan>Northeastern Yunnan>Northwestern Yunnan>Southern fringe>Western Yunnan> Southeastern Yunnan>Central Yunnan, and the average slope size relationship was: Northwestern Yunnan>Southwestern Yunnan>Northeastern Yunnan>Western Yunnan> Southern fringe >Southeastern Yunnan > Central Yunnan. 2) In the past 35 years, significant dynamic transfers had occurred in slope farmland, forest land, grassland and paddy fields, but the process of transfer in and out was generally balanced, and the area of slope farmland has a slight increase trend during the process of land use transfer. 3) The slope of most slope farmland was more than 8°, and the proportion of slope farmland with slope >15° was 78.54%. The area of slope farmland with different slopes in the past 35 years had a dynamic process. It showed an increasing trend for the slope farmland area with slope <15°, while decreasing trend for the slope farmland area with slope >15°. The area of slope farmland with different slopes has the dynamic process of “decreased→increased→decreased” or “decreased→increased→ decreased→increased”, and the fluctuation degree of >25° slope farmland was the largest. 4) With the evolution of spatio-temporal distribution of slope farmland in the past 35 years, the distribution characteristics of kemel density value in slope farmland have changed, but the change range was small. The distribution of slope farmland in most areas was in low-density value, and the area of high-density value was the smallest. Slope farmland distribution clusters were represented by four significant distribution zones: the Lincang distribution zone, the Lincang-Xishuangbanna distribution zone, the Pu’er distribution zone and the Zhaotong distribution zone. 5) Among the eight types of land use, the landscape dominance of slope farmland was in the middle position, and the fragmentation characteristics of slope farmland were the most significant among all land use types. In the past 35 years, the degree of fragmentation of slope farmland landscape has decreased, and the degree of contiguous use of slope farmland has been strengthened. The research results can provide theoretical support for the rational planning and utilization of sloping farmland and soil and water ecological environment protection in Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope farmland is an important part of cultivated land resources in hilly areas of China. Identifying the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of slope farmland resources is of great significance for rational planning and utilization of slope farmland resources and water and soil ecological environment construction. In this paper, using the land use data for 7 time points from 1980 to 2015, based on GIS spatial analysis technology, dynamic degree model, kemel density estimation and landscape pattern index model, the spatio-temporal distribution pattern and evolution law of slope farmland in Yunnan for nearly 35 years were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the area of slope farmland in Yunnan was 472.55×104 hm2, accounting for 69.79% of the cultivated land area, and the average slope was 15.62°. The relationship between the area ratio of slope farmland in different agricultural divisions was: Southwestern Yunnan>Northeastern Yunnan>Northwestern Yunnan>Southern fringe>Western Yunnan> Southeastern Yunnan>Central Yunnan, and the average slope size relationship was: Northwestern Yunnan>Southwestern Yunnan>Northeastern Yunnan>Western Yunnan> Southern fringe >Southeastern Yunnan > Central Yunnan. 2) In the past 35 years, significant dynamic transfers had occurred in slope farmland, forest land, grassland and paddy fields, but the process of transfer in and out was generally balanced, and the area of slope farmland has a slight increase trend during the process of land use transfer. 3) The slope of most slope farmland was more than 8°, and the proportion of slope farmland with slope >15° was 78.54%. The area of slope farmland with different slopes in the past 35 years had a dynamic process. It showed an increasing trend for the slope farmland area with slope <15°, while decreasing trend for the slope farmland area with slope >15°. The area of slope farmland with different slopes has the dynamic process of “decreased→increased→decreased” or “decreased→increased→ decreased→increased”, and the fluctuation degree of >25° slope farmland was the largest. 4) With the evolution of spatio-temporal distribution of slope farmland in the past 35 years, the distribution characteristics of kemel density value in slope farmland have changed, but the change range was small. The distribution of slope farmland in most areas was in low-density value, and the area of high-density value was the smallest. Slope farmland distribution clusters were represented by four significant distribution zones: the Lincang distribution zone, the Lincang-Xishuangbanna distribution zone, the Pu’er distribution zone and the Zhaotong distribution zone. 5) Among the eight types of land use, the landscape dominance of slope farmland was in the middle position, and the fragmentation characteristics of slope farmland were the most significant among all land use types. In the past 35 years, the degree of fragmentation of slope farmland landscape has decreased, and the degree of contiguous use of slope farmland has been strengthened. The research results can provide theoretical support for the rational planning and utilization of sloping farmland and soil and water ecological environment protection in Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Karst region of Southwest China is a complex region with a fragile ecological environment and multi-dimensional poverty. Research on the spatial deprivation and spatial pattern of multi-dimensional poverty in this region is conducive to revealing the causes of poverty in specific regions, thus providing a theoretical basis for formulating poverty control measures. Based on introducing the concept of poverty spatial deprivation, this paper constructed the index system of poverty spatial deprivation, and studied the identification and spatial pattern of poverty spatial deprivation in 153 administrative villages in Luoping County, Yunnan Province by means of spatial autocorrelation, hot-spot analysis and geographical detector. The results show that Luoping County has a deep level of poverty spatial deprivation, as the dimensions of natural deprivation, economic deprivation, ecological deprivation, ability deprivation and opportunity deprivation and the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty are mainly in a medium-high degree deprivation. Among them, natural deprivation is mainly in a medium level of deprivation, while economic deprivation, ecological deprivation, ability deprivation and opportunity deprivation are mainly in a high level of deprivation and the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty is mainly in a medium and high level of deprivation. Moreover, the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty has a strong degree of agglomeration with 6 high-value agglomeration areas at the county boundaries, 1 low-value agglomeration area at the county center, and 2 outlier areas at the urban-rural junction, thus the distribution of poverty spatial deprivation has a significant positive correlation.Besides, poverty spatial deprivation has a significant difference in the distribution of spatial pattern, as different dimensions of poverty spatial deprivation present different morphological characteristics: the spatial distribution index of the natural deprivation presents a core-peripheral structure, the spatial distribution index of the economic deprivation gradually increases outward at a 45° axis from the center of the city to the northwest of the city, the spatial distribution index of the ecological deprivation presents a double-core structure, the spatial distribution index of the opportunity deprivation presents a “lv (Chinese character)” structure, the spatial distribution index of the ability deprivation presents a structure of “one main and several subsidiaries” and the spatial distribution index of the multi-dimensional poverty spatial deprivation presents a structure of “low center and high periphery”. In addition, among forces that determine the effect of uni-dimensional deprivation on multi-dimensional poverty spatial deprivation, opportunity deprivation has the strongest determining force, followed by ability deprivation and natural deprivation and ecological deprivation are relatively weak, and the interaction between any two single dimensions is greater than the effect of a single dimension, which indicates that there is a two-factor enhancement between two single dimensions. Finally, in conjunction with the 5 key identified areas of poverty spatial deprivation areas, different categories of policies and suggestions are proposed to provide scientific references for the study of the coordination between urban and rural poverty control and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf function traits are important feature of plant adaptation to habitat. The environment of karst area is a special ecosystem, the reason how different plants adopt to the habitat and what leaf traits have been rarely reported. There are rarely reported on different plants adapt to the habitat and their leaf traits in karst area. In Shilin karst area of Yunnan Province, we studied 41 plants(different growth forms). We mainly focused on the leaf area(AR), leaf fresh weight(FW), leaf dry weight(DW), leaf thickness(TH), chlorophyll content(Chlc), specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf dry matter content(DMC). The results were as follows:(1)The leaf traits of plants on the species level varied widely, and the differences of different growth forms were significant.(2)There was a significant negative correlation between SLA and DMC(P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between leaf length, width and TH(P<0.01). There were significant positive correlation between FW, DW and AR(P<0.01). There were significant positive correlation between TH and Chlc(P<0.01), the correlation between other factors was not significant.(3)The coefficient of variation of plant leaf traits in the study was 15.82%-139.14%, mostly with high coefficient of variation(84.40%-131.01%). The contribution rate of AR and FW were higher, there are 84.40% and 90.28%, plants of different growth forms were stable on TH.(4)In Shilin karst areas, plant leaves adapt to special habitats with lower TH, SLA, Chlc and higher DMC. The above indicates that plants in Shilin karst areas can adapt to special habitats by forming different leaf characteristics. The paper provide a theoretical and piratical reference for the restoration and protection in karst area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide use of plastic greenhouses in the word has brought economic benefits, but also caused many environmental problems. Accurate and timely acquisition of spatial distribution information of plastic greenhouse is of great significance to agricultural production and soil management. The use of plastic greenhouse has changed the structure of soil, thus changing the surface spectral characteristics of the soil. Because of the particularity of the plastic film material, the reflection spectrum has strong directionality and uncertainty, so it is difficult to identify plastic greenhouse accurately only depending on the reflectance spectrum characteristics of ground objects. In this paper, Kunming City, Yunnan Province is taken as the research area, using GF-2 image as a single data source, the multi-scale segmentation method is used to obtain the image object efficiently and accurately. According to the detailed spatial information of plastic greenhouse, the applicability of three image object-based texture extraction algorithms, namely GLCM(gray-level co-occurrence matrix), LBP(local binary pattern) and PSI(pixel shape index) for plastic greenhouse identification is analysed and tested. In addition, different texture features are combined with spectral features and NDVI index to form different classification schemes, to explore which one would be the best combination of texture features for identification of plastic greenhouses. In order to explore the robustness of the method, different texture feature combination schemes are applied in the study areas. The results of SVM (support vector machine) classifier are evaluated by confusion matrix. The results show that the overall combination schemes of the two research areas with different landscape patterns have the same trend. The combination of spectral features and NDVI index can accurately identify the scattered waters in each of the two study areas. For plastic greenhouses and impervious surfaces with similar reflectance spectra, adding texture features can make up for limitation of spectral characteristics and improve the overall accuracy. The phenomena of homologous or homologous spectra in spectral features of high spatial resolution image can effectively improve the discrimination between plastic greenhouse and impervious surface. Texture features can significantly improve the identification accuracy of plastic greenhouse following the object-based image classification frame. In the classification scheme of plastic greenhouses with different spatial distribution structures, the LBP (local binary pattern) texture algorithm has the best recognition accuracy, the overall accuracy of study area A is 96.85%, Kappa coefficient is 0.95, and that of study area B is 95.58% and 0.94. Landscape fragment analysis (landscape fragmentation index area mean index, aggregation indices) of the two different study areas showed that the plastic greenhouses in study area A are more fragmented than study area B (area mean indices are 3.39 hm² and 1.37 hm², aggregation indices are 80.64 and 72.98 for plastic greenhouses in study area A and B, respectively). The results of fragmentation are consistent with those of classification, and the accuracy of landscape classification with more space fragments is lower (the highest overall classification accuracy for study area A and B are 98.13% and 96.13%, respectively, the PA(producer accuracy) and UA(user accuracy) are 96.47% and 97.93% for study area A, and 90.67%, 99.68% for study area B). The results show that texture features based on image objects can improve the recognition accuracy of small-scale plastic greenhouse. This is of great significance to the accurate mapping of the distribution of plastic greenhouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese government devoted continuously to the rural poverty reduction program which was a long-term hot shot of government and academia since the Reform and Opening Up policy in 1978. Targeted poverty alleviation stratagem which aimed to fully eliminating regional overall poverty in 2020 was put into practice since 2013 in China. Since then, it achieved huge success and the number of people living in extreme poverty reduced sharply in China. But absolute poverty still existed in rural, for the increasing development disparity on account of regional variation; the urban-rural gap was prominent. According to research on rural poverty influencing factors, we found that it had significant differences at different areas and different scales, and lacked a common understanding. For it rarely thought about spatial effects of regional rural poverty for those current existing research on rural poverty influencing factors, it was necessary to study rural poverty influencing factors further. This paper analyzed spatial pattern of rural poverty and main influencing factors on county scale, by applying spatial econometric model and GIS spatial analysis based on the field trip and statistical data which including 15 factors that might influence rural poverty potentially for all of 129 counties in Yunnan province from 2010 to 2015, which intended to providing the theory basis for the formulation and implementation of scientific and effective regional macroscopic poverty reduction policy, and improving poverty reduction that combining poverty status and regional differences even more. This study carried out poverty alleviation and development zoning in Yunnan province, and proposed discrepant policy of regional rural poverty reduction. Results showed that: 1) The number of rural poverty population decreased year by year in Yunnan province, but which was still a high incidence area for rural poverty in China. Rural poverty demonstrated a “center-periphery-edge” pattern which corresponded to low, medium and high poverty among the 129 counties in Yunnan. High poverty areas were concentrated on the northwest, northeast, southeast and south of Yunnan, which involved Jinsha river reaches, Lancang river valley, Nujiang river valley and Red river basin. 2) Regression results of spatial lag model (SLM) showed that the significant influencing factors which affected county rural poverty included terrain relief, traffic distance to municipal government, illiterate rate of population at 15 years old and above of rural, number of hospital beds per thousand people, rate of elderly population at 65 years old and above of rural in Yunnan for the past few years. The regression coefficients of the five significant influencing factors were 0.005, 0.044, 0.380, -1.257 and -2.132 respectively. It produced positive effects on rural poverty for factors of terrain relief, traffic distance to municipal government, illiteracy rate at 15 years old and above of rural in Yunnan province, and the other two factors produced negative effects. 3) Rural poverty had regional differences in Yunnan. In terms of poverty degree and major factors of poverty influencing, Yunnan province was divided into 6 poverty reduction areas which were high poverty area at northwest of Yunnan, high poverty area at northeast of Yunnan, medium-high poverty area at west frontier of Yunnan, medium poverty area at west of Yunnan, high poverty area at southeast of Yunnan and low poverty area at central area of Yunnan. Poverty reduction should be accurately implemented according to regional poverty and major factors of poverty influencing, and strengthened the join forces between adjacent counties to consolidate results of poverty reduction in Yunnan. The spatial effect is an important part of regional rural poverty research, and can provide references for scientific and rational policy setting of regional poverty reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]