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Thiosullate is considered to be the most promising gold extraction reagent in gold leaching process due to its advantages of non-toxicity and high efficiency. The electrochemical behavior of gold electrode in Cu2+-en-S2 O$_ gold leaching system was investigated by electrochemical testing methods (open circuit potential, cyclic voltammetry, Talel curve and electrochemical impedance). Characterization ol surlace oxidation products ol gold electrodes using Raman spectroscopy and XPS, and the oxidation mechanism ol gold was clarilied. The experimental results show that S2O32- can promote the oxidation ol the gold surface, and under the electrochemical conditions in this paper, the reaction rate is controlled by the step ol charge transfer when the gold electrode is in the 5 mmol/L Cu2+-10 mmol/L en-100 mmol/L S2O32- system. The thiosullate concentration in the system controls the dissolution ol gold by allecting its surlace properties and surlace reaction rate. The electrochemical oxidation mechanism ol gold electrodes in the Cu,十一en-S2O32- leaching gold system was this paper elucidated, and a theoretical basis was provided for the regulation ol the composition ol gold leaching reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-copper alloy ash contains Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Sn, Pb and other non-ferrous metals. In this paper, t he effective treatment of zmccopper ash in different particle size ranges ss realized by screening. The effects of sulfuric acid content, temperature, time, i iquid-soiid ratio, rotation speed, oxidant and roasting conditions on the selective eaching of different meta! were investigated. The resutts show that the zinccopper ash with partid size kss than 0. 15 mm ss caHned at 750 °C for 3 hours, and then leached at 85 °C, s uHunc acid content of 1. 2 g/g ash, iiquid-to-solid ratio of 5/1, sirring speed of 400 r/min, H202 0. 075 mL/g ash for 5 h. The removal rate of zinc ss 93. 40%, and the removal rate of copper ss 0. 23%. Compared with the initia1 copper ash, the ZnO n the copper ash after roasting and leaching ss greatly reduced. The leaching residue was mixed with copper slag with a particle size of 0. 15-0. 25 mm, roasted at 750 C for 4 hours, and then washed wI 2 mol/L suHurtc acid solution for 5 hours and washed wI water under the same condiions. The steps can remove a !arge number of impurtty metal e!ements inthe copper slag. The phase composition of the copper slag after pickling is mainly Cu, and the proportion of Cu elements reach 92. 52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the problem of nickel remove from ferrous sulphate solution with low nickel content, it was Investigated by on exchange process in this paper. Different factors, including resin tilting capacity, pH, time, initial nickel content and so on, were investigated to explore the performance of nickel remove from ferrous sulphate solution by designed experiments. The resutts indicate that priority se1ectivity for nickel ss presented in ferrous sulphate solution after resin adsorption and the operating capacity of CH-90 resin for nickel ss 15 mg/g. After resin adsorption,Fe/Ni molar ratio ss increased from 17 : 1 to 93 : 1 and removal rate on nickel reached 87%. Additiona11y,nickel content ss reduced to 0. 3 g/L. In other words,nickel ss removed effectually from ferrous sulphate solution. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were evaluated by changing the initial content and adsorption reaction time. It was found that the resin was in tine with the Langmuir adsorption ssotherm,and met the quasi-second-order kinetic equation. Furthermore,adsorption process was mainly controlled by on exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

:In paper, recycled Al-1.15Mg-1.02Si-0.7Cu alloy was optical prepared by meiting and casting, the microstructural evolution of the alloy were analyzed by using optical nicroscopy(OM), scanning e!ectron microscopy (SEM), e!ectron back scattered diffraciion(EBSD) and transmission e!ectron nicroscope(TEM),the effects of heal treatment on the mechanical and corrosionlresistant properties of the extruded proUes were invesiigated. The results show that the recrystaliization of the alloy was competed by soiid solution at 550C and fine equaaxaal crystass were obtanned. The iime required for the alloys to reach peak hardness under artificia1 aging cond!tions at 155,175 and 195 C was 18,8 and 4 h, respectively, and the peak hardnesses were 132.96 HV,132. 94 HV and 132.22 HV, respectively, wtth the extruded profiles obtanning the highest tensle strength of 410. 42 MPa and higher elongation of 14. 75% under aging cond!tions at 175 C/8 h. The optimizedsoid solution process ss 550 C/1 hand the artifidal aging process ss 175 C/8 h. The tendency of the alloy to intergranular corrosion ss more pronounced,and the alloy corrodes most severely under peakaged cond!tions, followed by over-aged and weakest underaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmtng at the problem that brittle Ti-Fe intermetalHc compounds are easily formed tn the additive manufacturing process of titanium/steel composites, which deteriorates the interface properties. In this paper, n^kel (ERN-1)was se!ected as the Interlayer,and the integrated preparation of TC4/309L composites was reaiized by laser fuse additive manufacturing technology. The effect of Ni interlayer addition on the rmcrostructure and properties of the interface was analyzed. The resuits show that "The interface of TC4/309L composites with Ni interlayer Is mainly composed of Fe/Ni interface and Ti/Ni interface. For the Fe/Ni interface,Fe and Ni form an infinite soiid solution, and no obvious defects such as cracks and pores are found, achieving a good metallurgical bonding. The Ti/Ni interface contains TiFe,TiNi3,TiNi,Ti2Ni and other brittle intermetalic compounds,and the maximum hardness of the interface reaches 670. 1 HV. The micro-area tensie test of the interface bondng strength shows that the bonding strength is 30. 5 MPa,and it breaks at the Ti/Ni Interface,showing brittie fracture characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During underground mining using room and pillar method or room and pillar subsequent filling mining method, in order to ensure the stability of the quarry, most of the pillars are often reserved to support the upper rock body. Some mining methods used nowadays cause damage to the stability of the pillars to a certain extent, so it is crucial to study and prevent the damage to the pillars. In this paper, the stability of the pillars is investigated by comparing the damage caused by the conventional point pillar method and the point pillar boundary pre cracking and blasting method in the west section of the Dahongshan Copper Mine in the middle of the 180th section of the 360 Bl44 quarry. The findings show that the damage depth of the conventional point pillar mining is about 1. 47 m, while the damage depth of the point pillar boundary pre cracking blasting is about 1. 21 m, and the damage impact of the point pillar boundary pre cracking blasting on the neighboring pillars is smaller than that of the conventional point pillar mining. The change of sound velocity of the rock body in the point pillar boundary pre cracking blasting area is 9. 02%, which is smaller than the change of sound velocity of the rock body in the conventional point pillar blasting area by 14. 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focused on the acid leaching technology of pyrite and pyrolusite, leaching parameters like H2SO4 concentration, mass ratio of pyrite and pyrolusite, reaction time, liquid to solid ratio, and reaction temperature were investigated, and the most suitable leaching condition was determined. On this basis, the experimental study on pre oxidation cyanide leaching of the flotation gold concentrate from a refractory gold mine in Gansu province was carried out The results showed that under the parameters of mass ratio of pyrite and pyrolusite was 1; 6, H2SO4 concentration was 100 g/L, liquid to solid ratio was 6, reaction temperature was 90 °C, and the leaching time was 12 h, Mn extraction rate of 76.0% was achieved. Meanwhile, the oxidation rate of pyrite can reach 88. 2%, and 85. 4% gold leaching rate was obtained after cyanidation of pre oxidized residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper slag beneficiation tailings are the tailings produced after copper smelting slag is treated by beneficiation process, which is rich in Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr and other valuable metals* In this paper, the metallization pellet of copper slag beneficiation tailings obtained after reduction and roasting in rotary kiln is taken as the research object, and 80 kVA AC furnace is used to carry out the melting experiment, and the effects of different process conditions such as reductant, co solvent and settling time on the recovery rate of Fe, Ni, Cu and other metals under the rated conditions are investigated, as well as the migration law of the main elements in the melting process of the metallization pellet. The results shown that the metallization pellet of the copper slag beneficiation tailings obtained by rotary kiln reduction can effectively recover the valuable metals such as Fe and Cu, and obtain high grade ferroalloy products by melting in an electric furnace under the process conditions of 1 530 °C, 18 % of melting agent rate, and 30 min of settling time, and the recovery of Fe is more than 95%, and the recovery of Ni and Cu reaches 38% and 71 % respectively. Elemental direction analysis shown that S, Pb, As and other impurity elements will enter the alloy to varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a preparation material for important components such as conductive springs and interconnect connectors, the large scale industrial preparation method and heat treatment process of Cu Ti alloy are still the key areas that urgently need to be developed and promoted in the current copper alloy field. In the present paper, Cu Ti alloys with Ti content of 1%, 4. 5 % and 10% were prepared by aluminothermic reaction, which has the advantages of simple process, environmental protection, energy saving and low cost, and the comprehensive properties of the alloys were further regulated by solid solution and aging treatment. The results show that the Ti elements in the aged Cu l%Ti and Cu 4.5%Ti alloys are mainly in the state of solid solution with only a small amount of smaller precipitates, while there are a large amount of precipitates in the aged Cu 10% Ti alloys. With the increase of Ti content, the electrical conductivity of the alloys shows a significant decrease trend, while the hardness and strength show the opposite trend. For the alloys with the same composition, compared to the solid solution state, the conductivity first slightly decreases and then increases with aging time. After aging at 450 °C for 4 h, the conductivity of all three component alloys is higher than that of the solid solution state alloys* After aging at 450 °C for 2 h, the hardness, strength and elongation of Cu l%Ti and Cu 4. 5%Ti alloys obtain the maximum values, and the hardness and elongation of Cu 10 % Ti alloys also obtain the maximum values, while the yield and the tensile strength of Cu 10%Ti alloys show slightly decreasing trend with aging time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to recover valuable zinc from industrial solid wastes such as zinc oxide tailings and Grain slags, this paper prepares high-purity zinc oxide micro powder by using carbothermal reduction and oxidation method with local industrial zinc-containing solid wastes as raw materials. The thermodynamic process of the reaction between zinc silicate and carbon reduction in the zinc-containing slag was analyzed by a combination of thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies through HSC Chemistry. The effects of carbon allocation, roasting temperature, roasting time and CaF2 on zinc yield during zinc silicate reduction were discussed, and the results showed that the catalytic effect was most significant at 1000 ℃~1100 ℃ when CaF2 was used as a catalyst. The optimum process conditions were obtained: the zinc yield reached 97.44% at a temperature of 1100 °C, a holding time of 40 min, a carbon content of 20 wt% and a CaF2 addition of 5 wt%. Structural and compositional analyses of the volatilized product showed that the physical phase was hexagonal zinc oxide crystals with a particle size of 2~4 um and a purity of 99.47%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to more accurately predict the trend of vault subsidence in underground mine ramps and control the prediction accuracy to ensure mine safety, this paper proposes a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) enhanced neural network method for vault subsidence prediction. The main steps are as follows: firstly, the original data is processed using the method of adjacent point median smoothing, and the processed monitoring data is used as input samples for training and testing BP and Elman neural networks; then, the WOA is used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds, and finally, different model output predictions are obtained. Simulation experiments show that the BP and Elman neural network models optimized by the whale optimization algorithm can more accurately predict the vault subsidence compared to before optimization. The determination coefficient of the WOA-Elman model is 0.948, which is superior to the WOA-BP model at 0.941, but the running time of the WOA-Elman model, 671.214 s, far exceeds that of the WOA-BP model, 307.226 s. The WOA-Elman model consumes more training time for a small improvement in accuracy, significantly reducing training efficiency. Combined with the analysis and comparison of measured values and predicted values from engineering examples, the WOA-optimized BP neural network exhibits more efficient and accurate vault subsidence prediction capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminum electrolytic waste cathode was leached with sulfuric acid to obtain a leaching solution containing valuable elements such as Na, Li, Al, and F. The leaching solution has recovery value, but it is accompanied by serious secondary pollution. In this paper, the cryolite crystallization method is used to remove fluoride twice, and the lithium is recovered after fluoride removal. When the reaction pH=9, n(Al):n(F)=1:6, the reaction temperature was 50 °C, the reaction time was 90 min, and the crystal seed addition was 0.8 g/L. The residual fluorine concentration in the solution was 48 mg/L, the one-time fluoride removal rate was 98.15%, and the lithium removal rate was 1.38%. After the secondary fluoride removal, the concentration of fluorine in the solution was 49 mg/L, the secondary fluoride removal rate was 85.12%, and the lithium removal rate was 2.13%. After two fluoride removals, the total removal rate of fluorine was 99.38%, and the total removal rate of lithium was 1.31%. The purity of the prepared Li2CO3 is greater than 99.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-potassium molybdenum products have a wide range of applications in electronics, medical and other fields, and ammonia leaching has a very important impact on the production of low-potassium molybdenum products. In order to better control the amount of potassium released in the ammonia leaching process to reduce the pressure of potassium reduction in the subsequent process, this paper analyzed the potassium release law and gave its kinetic model and control method by conducting a one-factor simulation experiment on the influencing factors of potassium release in the ammonia leaching process of molybdenum bakery sand. The results show that the temperature, solid-liquid ratio and molybdenum roasting sand grain size have great influence on the release of potassium, and the optimal conditions for ammonia leaching are: temperature 30 ℃, solid-liquid ratio 1:3, molybdenum roasting sand grain size ranging from 150~178 μm, and ammonia concentration of 20%. In addition, Ca element is more favorable for potassium removal in the ammonia leaching process, while Na element is not favorable for potassium removal in the ammonia leaching process. After slaked lime has a certain effect on potassium removal in water leaching, the effect of sodium carbonate on potassium removal in water leaching is not obvious, so the addition of slaked lime in molybdenum roasted sand water leaching process is favorable to the production of low-potassium ammonium molybdate. Molybdenum roasted sand ammonia leaching process in the early stage of potassium release speed is faster, and the late stage of the speed becomes slower, the Avrami equation can be obtained to better simulate the process of potassium release in the early stage and late stage of ammonia leaching, and the kinetic equation of the ammonia leaching process was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the hot hardness and toughness of HSS, NbC particles reinforced ASP2080 HSS composites were prepared in this paper by powder ball milling (carbide and metal powders) plus vacuum sintering process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of NbC/ASP2080 HSS composites were characterized and analyzed using equipment such as XRD, SEM, EDS, and universal tensile testing machine. The results show that: the addition of NbC does not change the phase structure of composites, and with the increase of NbC content, the matrix grain size of heat-treated composites decreased significantly; heat treatment can significantly improve the hardness, flexural strength and impact toughness of composites; the hardness, flexural strength and impact toughness of heat-treated composites with the increase of NbC content are increased and then decreased trend. The heat-treated composites with 4% NbC content have the best overall performance, with an average grain size of 6.52 μm, and the hardness, flexural strength and impact toughness of 71.7 HRC, 825.3 MPa, and 6.75 J/cm2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A normal cloud model for slope stability analysis based on AHP Critic method is proposed to address the randomness and fuzziness issues in stability evaluation of open pit mine slopes. Analyze five representative, relevant, quantifiable, and easily obtainable slope stability evaluation indicators, including density, cohesion, friction angle, slope height, and slope angle. Firstly, the subjective and objective weights of the five indicators are obtained based on the AHP and Critic methods. Then use the multiplication synthesis normalization method to obtain the comprehensive weight Secondly, the above indicators are divided into five grades. Then, calculate the cloud feature parameters for each indicator at different levels* Using Python software, calculate membership based on measured slope data and cloud feature parameters. Calculate the comprehensive determination of slope stability level using the obtained comprehensive weights and membership degrees. Determine the slope stability level based on the principle of maximum membership. Finally, the model was applied to a limestone mine in Yunnan. The prediction results obtained from the model built in this paper are compared with the calculation results of the strength reduction method and the limit equilibrium method used by the two software* The results indicate that this method is feasible and the prediction results are accurate, which can provide reference for the stability analysis of the mine slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the theoretical research results of the laboratory are applied to the production practice, it is often found that there are obvious differences between them, which greatly decrease the practicability of flotation research, especially pure mineral research. The reason for the difference between the theoretical research and practical application results lies in the complexity of the flotation process, it is not only necessary to pay attention to the chemical principle of the chemicals adsorption on the mineral surface, but also to comprehensively consider and analyze the chemical environment of flotation (solution conditions and associated minerals). In recent years, the proposed coordination chemical model of mineral flotation, together with the continuous development of solution chemistry theory, provides the possibility to realize the goal of theoretical research guiding practical production. In this paper, the application examples of coordination chemical model of mineral flotation, solution chemical calculation and extended DLVO theory in the study of mineral flotation mechanism at home and abroad are collected and summarized. Introduction and comments are given regarding the theoretical content, calculation process and application examples of the three theories, so as to provide a reference for the future flotation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of valuable metals from roasted cyanidation tailings by step separation is of great significance to the sustainable development of metallurgical industry. In this paper, gold, copper and zinc were extracted from cyanide tailings by first order acid leaching, secondary reduction roasting magnetic separation to recover gold bearing iron concentrate and third order flotation to recover gold, the comprehensive recoveries of gold, copper, zinc and iron from cyanide roasting tailings were 63. 07%, 80. 5%, 70. 31% and 80. 64% respectively. The technical method can effectively solve the technical problem of comprehensive recovery of gold, copper, zinc and iron from roasting cyanidation tailings, and realize the high value and resourceful utilization of roasting cyanidation tailings, at the same time, the roasting cyanide waste is converted into secondary high value resource, which solves the common technical problem in metallurgical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of impurities in molybdenum calcine has become a new challenge for enterprises due to the cancellation of pickling. Whether the impurity minerals can be converted into soluble ions in the roasting process is of great significance for the current washing. In this paper, the traditional methods such as laser particle size analyzer and X Ray Diffraction(XRD) were used to analyze the particle size, pore size and elements of molybdenum concentrate. Combined with Mineral Liberation Analyzer(MLA) and Factsage thermodynamic software, the changes in the occurrence forms of impurity elements during the production of molybdenum calcine were studied, and the specific path of impurity minerals transforming into soluble ions was explored. The results show that there are nanoscale pores in both molybdenum concentrate and molybdenum calcine, which will prevent washing and impurity removal. As the main insoluble impurities, aluminum potassium minerals have a great influence on the production of high purity molybdenum products, and most of them exist in the form of alkaline minerals with large molecular weight. In the roasting process of molybdenum concentrate, K containing minerals such as muscovite and orthoclase can be partially converted into soluble ions such as K十 and AF十, and then removed by washing. Humidification improves the degree of conversion of orthoclase into soluble ions during roasting and is beneficial to the removal of impurities during washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of "dual carbon", the aluminum smelling industry is facing enormous pressure to reduce emissions. This paper takes an electrolytic aluminum enterprise n Shanxi province as an example to calculate the carbon emissions of each ink of the enterprise in 2021 and identify the mam factors that affect the carbon emission reduction of the electrolytic aluminum industry. Using scenario analysis method to predict the adjustment of power structure, upgrading of low-carbon electrolytic aluminum technology, and application of recycled aluminum in Shanxi province from 2021 to 2030. Establish a multi factor analysis model for electrolytic aluminum carbon emissions, and explore the impact of various control variables on reducing carbon emissions per ton of aluminum for enterprises in benchmark and policy scenarios. The results show that changes in the power structure have the greatest contribution to the greenhouse gas emissions reduction of the enterprise, with emissions reductions accounting for 31. 63% of the total emissions under the 2030 baseline scenario and 40. 66% of the total emissions under the policy scenario; When coupled with changes in power structure and the proportion of recycled aluminum, the emission reduction effect Is most significant, with the emission reduction accounting for 67.82% of the total emissions in the 2030 policy scenario; Under the three coupling situation, the carbon emissions of the enterprise gradually tend to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of mining, there are rocks affected by cyclic disturbances, which have significant effects on the mechanical properties of rocks. To understand the loading rate effect of rocks under different cyclic loading and unloading methods,this paper carries out constant lower Unit cyclic loading and unloading, variable lower Unit cyclic loading and unloading tests on sillimanite specimens with different loading rates, comparatively analyzes the deformation characteristics, the energy evolution law and the destructive characteristics of the specimens under the two cyclic loading and unloading methods with different loading rates. The test results show that the peak strength and residual deformation of the specimen have different acceleration rate effects, but the peak strength is improved compared with the conventional uniaxial compression test; WITH the increase of the loading rate, the input energy, elastic energy and dissipation energy of the specimen in all stages show an increasing trend, but with some differences in the form of manifestation; the destruction of the specimen and IS morphology show the acceleration rate effect, and the degree of destruction is intensified with the increase of the loading rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, lithium metal plays an irreplaceable role in the preparation of all-solid-state lithium batteries and aluminum-lithium alloys; but the cost of lithium metal production is still a problem that needs to be solved by production enterprises. Therefore, this paper optimizes the production process and equipment from the perspective of reducing energy consumption by using Solid Works three-dimensional modeling of the electrolyzer structure as well as ANSYS simulation and simulation software to simulate the thermal field of the electrolyzer and calculations, resulting in the optimal design scheme. Its production electrolysis efficiency can reach 91%, energy consumption is below 35 kWh/kg, chlorine extraction and lithium collection device can run automatically, the concentration of extracted chlorine gas is 90%, the lithium collection efficiency can reach more than 80%, and the amount of lithium is more stable. The equipment can be better put into industrialized production, meet the needs of enterprises to reduce production costs, and promote the development of molten salt electrolysis of lithium metal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the calculation and analysis of the important mononuclear complexes in the Se-H2O system. Based on the thermodynamic data of S0 + ΔfG0 + ΔfH0 and CP of each reaction substance at standard state, the dominant region distribution of the dissolved species ni Se(-II):H2O, Se(IV):H2O and Se(IV)-H2O systems were calculated at different pH values under the temperature range of 298-573 K. Combined with the equilibrium thermodynamic data of the oxidaton and reduction reactions of Se containing substances at different temperatures, the potential-pH diagrams of the Se-H2O system at 298, 373,473 and 573 K were constructed. It was found that both H2Se and H2SeO3 could exist stably in high acid content solution, while H2SeO4 could only exist in high-temperature and high add content solution. At 298 - 573 K,Se could exist stably in aqueous solution. In the range of 298 - 473 K, H2SeO3-, HSeO3 and SeO32- could be directly reduced to elemental Se. Therefore, by controlling a certain pH value and potential, Se could be removed from the solution by precipitation in the form of elemental Se. With the increase of temperature, the stable region of H2O decreased, and the region of Se, which exssted in the sold phase, also gradually decreased. In the liquid phase, the stable regions of H2SeO3-, HSeO3- and SeO32- with Se(+IV) continued to increase. With the increase of temperature, the oxidation potential of elemental selenium oxidized to Se (IV) and further to Se(VI) decreased slightly, and the oxidation reaction could be easier to carry out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems ol slow filling elliciency and low and unstable sand discharge concentration in the traditional vertical sand silo working mode, a continuous high-concentration and stable sand discharge working mode is proposed, and the maintenance ol sand storage height is the key to this working mode. In this paper, the centrilugal test is used to investigate the lunctional relationship between the underllow concentration and the sand storage height, and then the static settlement test is used to obtain the feeding parameters, and the hydro dynamic software is used to simulate and analyze the sand storage process ol the vertical sand storage,to verily the feasibility ol the functional relationship, and the dynamic mesh technology is used to simulate and monitor the sand discharge concentration, overllow concentration and sand surlace height change ol sand discharge process with dilierent storage heights, and to investigate the optimal sand storage height, and to provide a comprehensive solution to the problem. The simulated monitoring ol sand discharge concentration and sand surlace height changes during sand discharge at dillerent storage heights using dynamic grid technology is used to comprehensively investigate the optimal sand storage height, which provides an important reference lor the study ol continuous sand discharge Irom vertical sand silo. The results show that:there is no significant dillerence between the numerical simulation and the lunctional relationship, and the lunctional relationship between the underllow concentration and the sand storage height is feasible； 11. 8m is the optimal sand storage height lor the vertical sand silo to continuously discharge sand with high concentration and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems ol high soluble silicon in calcine,easy agglomeration in Iluidized bed boilers and dillicult solid-liquid separation in the roasting process ol high silicon zinc concentrate. This paper is based on the on-site roasting production process parameters, the effects ol low and high temperature roasting on the soluble silicon content in calcine are studied, and the roasting process ol Iluidized bed boilers is simulated using MatCal software. The results show that under the same roasting conditions, with the increase ol roasting temperature, the acid soluble silicon in calcine increases, and the dillerence ol 1. 03% was obtained between low-temperature roasting and high-temperature roasting. When the soluble silicon content in calcine is above 3, 18 %, certain problems will appear ,including turbidity ol thickener supernatant, the dillicult liltration for underllow pulp alter low acid leachings high cobalt content in the impurity removal ol purilied solution and so on. Alter MatCal simulation,the theoretical air consumption, the average air volume ol low-temperature roasting and the average air volume of high-temperature roasting are 50 361. 328 m$/h, 47 102, 8 m3/h, and 48 005. 7 m$/h respectively. However,the average air volume in actual roasting is low,thus it is necessary to raise the air material ratio ol the Iluidized bed boilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new technology, ultrasonic wave has a great application prospect in the lield ol metallurgy. This paper introduces the ultrasonic and its mechanism ol action, elaborates the application ol ultrasonic technology in the hydrometallurgy industry, summarizes the research status ol ultrasonic simulation technology and the prospect of the ultrasonic simulation technology. The application ol ultrasonic auxiliary technology in hydrometallurgy is analyzed, in order to provide relerence for the better application ol ultrasonic auxiliary technology in hydrometallurgy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important technical lorm ol electrochemical energy storage,lithium ion battery is still limited in practical application due to the possibility ol thermal runaway. Therefore，it is necessary to understand the variation rule ol battery temperature field alter thermal runaway trigger and analyze the factors allecting temperature change. In this paper, ANSYS FLUENT is used to simulate the lithium ion battery, and the internal thermal dillusion law ol the battery is studied by simulating the temperature field change ol the battery under dilierent charge and discharge Iluctuation power input caused by the instability of the generator end. The thermal diffusion law is analyzed by simulating the temperature field alter the thermal runaway triggered by local short circuit in lithium ion battery. The results show that the temperature and wall heat Ilux ol the lithium-ion battery fluctuate with the input current. When triggered by local short circuit, the rate ol thermal runaway extending lengthwise along the electrode is greater than that ol radially spreading outwards. Increasing convective heat transfer coefficient can effectively reduce the rate and amplitude ol battery temperature rise,reducing the possibility ol thermal runaway ol battery. The study ol thermal dillusion law provides a basis for predicting thermal runaway in practical application, improving safety, and improving battery cooling technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]