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Under UV irradiation conditions, bisphenol A (BPA) was used as a model compound to study the composite effects of representative soluble components humic acid ( HA), Fe 3 +, and Cl - on the photolysis of BPA in the aqueous environment using response surface methodology ( RSM) . Results show that HA and Fe 3 + are the significant factors affecting the photodegradation of BPA, followed by NO - 3 and Cl - . HA, NO - 3 and Cl - significantly inhibits the photolysis of BPA, while Fe 3 + promotes it (P < 0. 05) . When HA, Fe 3 +, NO - 3 and Cl - co-exists in the water environment, an interaction on the photolysis of BPA is established. As significant factors, the combination of Fe 3 + and Cl - or HA respectively inhibits the photodegradation of BPA, while the coexistence of HA-Cl - or HA-NO - 3 shows promoting effect. As non-significant factors, there are antagonistic effects between NO - 3 and Fe 3 + or between NO - 3 and Cl - . Radical scavenging experiments unveils that the most important factor HA on BPA photodegradation is mainly attributed to triplet-excited DOM. The predicted value of the model obtained from the natural water sample is in good agreement with the experimental value, indicating that the model can be used to estimate the photolysis of BPA in the natural water sample used, but it also has certain limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease characterized by hyperandrogenic phenotype in women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear, and androgen is now thought to have an essential impact on the pathogenesis of PCOS. Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disruptor, can increase the relevant androgen synthetase and induce PCOS through excessive androgen exposure. Studies have shown that BPA exposure can inhibit the activity of aromatase, prevent the binding of androgen and receptor, thus inducing hyperandrogenemia. BPA can also regulate the ovarian function of PCOS through oxidative stress, estrogen-related pathways, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, regulation of obesity and insulin resistance, and other routes. This article aims to review the neuroendocrine mechanism and related signal pathways of BPA-induced PCOS by regulating hyperandrogen, clarify the specific biological functions of BPA and provide a reference for follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the effect of Sirtuins（Sirt) protein family on the male reproductive system damage cell and animal models induced by bisphenol A (BPA), and to clarify its effect on the male reproductive system damage induced by BPA. Methods: Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, low dose of BPA group (given 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 BPA), medium dose of BPA group (given 30 mg·kg-1·d-1 BPA), and high dose of BPA group (given 300 mg · kg-1·d-1 BPA), and there were 10 mice in each group. The mice in low, medium, and high doses of BPA groups were gavaged with corn oil (0.01 mL·g-1) mixed with corresponding concentrations of BPA, while the mice in control group were given 0.01 mL·g-1 corn oil. After 5 weeks, the body weights, testis indexes, and epididymal indexes of the mice in various groups were detected； the sperm qualities of the mice in various groups were detected by using computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) system； the morphology of testis tissue of the mice in various groups was observed by HE staining； the expression levels of Sirt1-Sirt7 proteins in testis tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. The GC-2 cells were divided into 0, 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1 BPA groups (treated with 0, 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1 BPA).The proliferation rates of the GC-2 cells in various groups were detected by EdU staining； the percentages of the GC-2 cells at different cell cycles and the apoptotic rates of GC-2 cells in various groups were detected by flow cytometry；the expression levels of Sirt1-Sirt7 proteins in the GC-2 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with control group, the testis index of the mice in high dose of BPA group was decreased (P<0.05); compared with control group, the percentage of immobile sperm of the mice in high dose of BPA group was increased (P<0.01), the percentage of rapid progressive sperm was decreased (P<0.01), the percentage of medium progressive sperm was decreased (P<0.05), and the deformity rate of the sperm was increased (P<0.01).The HE staining results showed that the number of spermatogenic cells at all levels in the seminiferous tubules of the mice in different doses of BPA groups showed a decreasing and loosely arranged trend. Compared with control group, the expression level of Sirt6 protein in testis tissue of the mice in low dose of BPA group was decreased (P<0.01), while the expression levels of Sirt1, Sirt2, and Sirt6 proteins in testis tissue of the mice in medium dose of BPA group mice were decreased (P<0.01), the expression levels of Sirt1, Sirt2, Sirt3, Sirt4, Sirt5, Sirt6, and Sirt7 proteins in testis tissue of the mice in high dose of BPA group were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The EdU staining results showed that compared with 0 μ mol·L-1 BPA group, the proliferation rates of the GC-2 cells in 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1 BPA groups were decreased (P<0.01). The flow cytometry results showed that after treated for 48 h, compared with 0 μmol·L-1 BPA group, the apoptotic rates of the GC-2 cells in 20, 40, and 80 μmol·L-1 BPA groups were increased (P<0.01). The Western blotting assay results showed that after treated for 24 h, compared with 0 μmol·L-1 BPA group, the expression levels of Sirt4 and Sirt7 proteins in GC-2 cells of the mice in 20 μmol·L-1 BPA group were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the expression levels of Sirt4 and Sirt7 proteins in GC-2 cells of the mice in 80 μmol·L-1 BPA group decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).After treated for 48 h, compared with 0 μmol·L-1 BPA group, the expression levels of Sirt2, Sirt3, Sirt4, and Sirt6 proteins in GC-2 cells of the mice in 20 μmol·L-1 BPA group were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the expression levels of Sirt1, Sirt2, Sirt3, Sirt4, and Sirt6 proteins in GC-2 cells of the mice in 40 μmol·L-1 BPA group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression levels of Sirt 5 and Sirt 6 proteins were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression levels of Sirt1-Sirt7 proteins in the male reproductive injury cells and animal models induced by BPA are decreased, which exacerbates the male reproductive system damage induced by BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are exogenous compounds, which can interfere with the hormones action and endocrine pathways, affect the development of female reproductive system and ovarian function, and therefore EDCs are associated with female infertility. Current research mainly focus on EDC exposure and its correlation with the different diseases of the endocrine axes. Studies have shown that EDCs affect female fertility by causing ovarian dysfunction, follicular development abnormality, endometrial receptivity reduction, and embryo quality decline, as well as the lowed clinical outcome of assisted reproduction in infertile women. Accumulating evidence in animal studies has provided important insights into the mechanism of EDC effects. This review summarizes some of the most common EDCs including pesticides, bisphenol A and phthalates, and the effects of EDCs on female fertility and clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the protective effect and its mechanism of the protein and peptide extracts from the muscle of Chinese giant salamanders (SP) on the protection of bisphenol A (BPA)-induced sperm disorder in mice. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, Control group, BPA group, BPA+CS group and BPA+SP group. BPA group was injected with 50 mg/kg/d of BPA, which dissolved in corn oil. Control group was injected with corn oil only. The BPA+CS group was given compound substances, which have been proved to be beneficial for spermatogenesis, and were used as controls. The BPA+SP group was given the above mentioned compounds plus SP dissolved in physiological saline. Mice received the compounds plus SP by gavage. The doses were 4 g/kg/d for both groups. The model was established continuously for 28 days, during which the body weight of mice was measured weekly. Testicular volume and testosterone-body ratio were measured after establishment of animal model. Epididymal sperms were collected to measure sperm number and sperm motility by using the computer aided analysis system (CASA). The amount of testosterone in the serum was determined by ELISA. HE staining and TUNEL staining were used to analyze testicular histopathology. Finally, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of metastasis associated protein 2 (MTA2), and Oil Red O staining was used to observe the phagocytosis of Sertoli cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: Compared with the control group, the testicular volume (P<0.05), testicular weight (P<0.05), testosterone-body ratio (P<0.05), sperm number (P<0.05), sperm motility (P<0.05), and the amount of testosterone in the serum of mice (P<0.01) in BPA group were significantly decreased. Testicular morphology was damaged and the number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells in BPA group was increased compared with control group(P<0.01). At the same time, the expression of MTA2 and the phagocytosis of Sertoli cells in BPA group were decreased compared with control group (P<0.01). There was no difference between BPA + CS group and BPA group. Surprisingly, the above changes in BPA group were significant difference by using SP(P<0.05). Conclusion: SP has obvious protective effect on BPA-induced sperm disorder in mice, and the mechanism of action may be related to enhanced phagocytosis of Sertoli cells by improving the expression of MTA2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dalian University of Technology / Dalian Ligong Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Dalian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of epoxy, polycarbonate plastics, flame retardants, cosmetics and even baby products. However, as an endocrine disruptor, it can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders. In severe cases, it can cause various cancers. Among all kinds of BlPA detection techniques, electrochemical methods are paid more attention because of their advantages such as simple operation, fast response time, high sensitivity, low cost and portable instrument. In this review, the research progress of the modified electrode's composite materials of electrochemical sensor for BPA detection in the past 5 years and its application in the analysis of real samples are summarized. The preparation of electrode modified composite materials and the performance of the electrochemical sensors for BPA detection are emphasized so as to provide reference and new ideas for its future development and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) are similar to steroid hormones in molecular structure, and may have steroid-like disrupting effects on the immune system and influence the risk of allergic diseases. For example, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are commonly EDCs existing in the environment, and both BPA and TCS are widely added to daily necessities and catering products. Animal experiments found that prenatal BPA exposure may be associated with higher risk of respiratory allergic diseases in offspring. It was also founda few epidemiological studies that TCS exposure was associated with higher risks of eczema, and allergic disorders in respiratory system and digestive tracts in children. EDCs may increase cytokines and immunoglobulins levelsinterrupting the function of helper T cells (Th1/Th2) so as to affect the immune system, which might be associated with allergic reactions. This review mainly focused on the correlation between EDCs (BPA and TCS) and childhood allergic diseases and the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To compare urine sample collection methods for measuring urinary concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals including bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) in pregnant women. Methods · Urine samples were collected from women at late pregnancy by two methods: urine catheter and collection bag (n=176), urine collecting containers made of polypropylene (PP) (n=642). Urinary concentrations of BPA, TCS and 4-n-NP were measured with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Confirmation experiment used PP containers, urine catheter and collection bags, as well as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) tubes and glass containers as both negative controls to collect urine samples from each of the 5 women. Results · Geometric mean (GM) of urinary BPA concentration collected by urine catheter and collection bags was 82.5 ng/mL (95% CI 71.4-95.4 ng/mL), which was 63 times higher than that from PP containers (GM 1.3 ng/mL; 95% CI 1.3-1.5 ng/mL). Concentrations of urinary 4-n-NP and creatinine were similar between two collection methods. Confirmation experiment showed that urinary BPA concentration collected by urine catheter and collection bags was much higher than those collected by other three methods. Conclusion · In collection of urine samples for measuring phenolic chemicals, PP urine collection container as well as LDPE containers are adequate for use in epidemiologic studies, but urine catheter and collection bag is not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To investigate whether vitamin E could reverse the disruptive effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on steroidogenesis and to explore the optimal vitamin E concentration. Methods · Rat primary granulosa cells were extracted and exposed to BPA (0, 0.01, 0.1,1,10,100 μmol/L). After 48 h of incubation, culture medium was collected and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were measured using ELISA kits. Then, granulosa cells were incubated with 5 μmol/L(average concentration in follicular fluid) or 25 μmol/L (high concentration in follicular fluid) vitamin E (α-tocopherol) or vitamin E (5 μmol/L or 25 μmol/L) plus BPA (10 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L) for 48 h, E2 and P4 were measured. Results · BPA at 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L suppressed E2 and P4 production in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Vitamin E at 25 μmol/L significantly increased E2 and P4 levels by (44.89±15.18) % and (43.33±8.82) % (P<0.05), respectively. Coincubation of the granulosa cells with BPA and vitamin E (5 μmol/L or 25 μmol/L) restored the productions of E2 and P4, which were not significantly different from the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion · Vitamin E (5 μmol/L/25 μmol/L) could reverse BPA-induced reduction in steroid hormone production in rat ovary granulosa cells, and the antagonistic effect of 25 μmol/L vitamin E was more obvious than that of 5 μmol/L vitamin E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental hormones is one of the hot spots in the modern life science research. Nowadays more and more people begin to pay attention to this topic. It is filled with a variety of chemical toxic reagents in our living environment. Among them, there’s a class of substances which can simulate or inhibit hormone activity, called endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disruptors have the ability to change the structure and function of the endocrine system. Bisphenol A is an environmental estrogen, which belongs to one of endocrine disruptors. Bisphenol A is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A has a weak estrogenic effect and can bind to estrogen receptors, causing the endocrine system response. The present study shows that bisphenol A affect embryonic development cross the blood placental barrier and damage the neuroendocrine system, liver function and reproductive development. This paper summarizes many adverse effects caused by the environmental estrogen bisphenol A during developmental stage in mice and discusses the research direction of environmental hormones in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the bisphenol A (BPA) level in serum and follicular fluid from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and its association with pregnancy outcomes. Methods·Serum and follicular fluid from 138 patients undergoing IVF-ET in Renji Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2014 and December 2015 were collected on ovum harvest day. BPA levels in serum and follicular fluid were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. The association between serum and follicular fluid BPA levels, and BPA levels and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results·Of 138 patients, BPA was detected in serum and follicular fluid from 60 patients with average serum and follicular fluid BPA levels of 14.8 ng/ml and 5.2 ng/mL. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). BPA levels in serum and follicular fluid were positively correlated (r=0.51, P=0.000). Of 138 patients, 59 underwent clinical transplantation and 31 (52.5%) of them were pregnant. Among these 31 patients, BPA was detected in 7 patients and was not detected in 24 cases. Patients without detection of BPA had a significantly higher pregnancy rate (77.4%) than patients with detection of BPA (22.6%). Pregnant patients had a lower follicular fluid BPA level (4.6 ng/mL) than patients failed to pregnancy (10.7 ng/mL) and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.015). Pregnant patients had a lower serum BPA level (5.9 ng/mL) than patients failed to pregnancy (16.7 ng/mL) and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). There was no significant difference in infertility age between patients with and without detection of BPA in serum or follicular fluid. The average age of patients with detection of BPA was older than that of patients without detection of BPA, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion·BPA can be detected in serum and follicular fluid of some patients undergoing IVF-ET. The detection rate increases with the age. The serum BPA level can predict the follicular fluid BPA level. High serum BPA level may affect embryo implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]