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The construction of ecological civilization and the realization of common prosperity are two major development strategies in China. In the context of ecological civilization construction, it is essential to achieve common prosperity through reforming the natural resource assets property rights system. This article qualitatively analyzes the functions of the natural resource assets property rights system by adopting the methods of functional analysis and interdisciplinary analysis and empirically analyzes its associated logic with the common prosperity by using the case analysis method. The results indicate that: ① There are four basic functions (marketization, capitalization, resource allocation, and ecologicalization) in the natural resource assets property rights system. ② In the process of utilizing natural resources to achieve common prosperity, the marketization function of the natural resource assets property rights system can transform natural resources into natural assets; the capitalization function can transform natural assets into natural capital; the resource allocation function can optimize the allocation of natural resources; and the ecologicalization function can preserve and increase the value of natural resources, thus achieving a win-win situation between ecological civilization construction and common prosperity. ③ Common prosperity cannot be achieved alone by utilizing natural resources; the achievement of common prosperity by utilizing natural resources is actually the result of the reform of the natural resources system and the property rights system. The policy implications of this study include: ① In terms of perfecting the property rights system, China's natural resource assets property rights system should be improved in the context of total factor productivity. ② In dealing with the relationship between the government and the market, we should make scientific distinctions between market allocation and government guidance according to different types of resource classification, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation. ③ In maintaining the order of market transactions, the Civil Code should be used to protect the transactions of natural resource assets property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Older to improve the operational efficiency of Chinese textile and clothing enterprises, 54 textile and clothing listed enterprises in China from 2018 to 20 were suspected as the research objects. Based on the data envelopment analysis ( DEA ) theory, the etteuation index system of operational efficiency in the digital transformation context was constructed, and DEA related models were used to analyze the operational efficiency of enterprises from both static and dynamic perspectives. The static analysis results show that the average comprehensive efficiency of the sample enterprises from 2018 to 2022 is between 0. 700 and 0. 800, and there is still a large room for improvement in the future; The number of enterprises with comprehensive efficiency is 8-14, indicating that the operational efficiency of most enterprises is in an invalid state of DEA. The number of companies with increasing returns to scale increased from 4 to 11, indicating that the number of enterprises with decreasing input-output ratio increased. The results of dynamic analysis show that the average value of total factor productivity index is greater than 1. The number of enterprises with total factor productivity index greater than 1 accounted for 61. 1%, indicating that the operation efficiency of most enterprises was in a state of progress. The technical progress decreased continuously from 1. 019 to 0. 968, indicating that the technological progress rate of enterprises decreased. In the future, enterprises should pay attention to the investment of digital talents and technologies, improve the operation system and improve the operation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impact of the green financial reform and innovation pilot zones on the green finance supply strategy of financial institutions from the perspectives of supply and demand, based on principal-agent theory and the perspective of financial functions. It explored the micro-mechanisms of the supply strategy′s impact on total factor productivity, green innovation, and carbon emissions of enterprises. Using data from listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2012 to 2021, a difference-in-difference-in-differences model was constructed to verify the differential impact of the pilot zones on heavily polluting and nonheavily polluting enterprises. The study introduced a recentered influence function regression and decomposition model to identify the relative changes in financing constraints and capital misallocation between enterprises in the pilot zones and non-pilot zones from the supply perspective. A serial multiple mediation model was constructed to verify the mechanisms through which the pilot zones impacted corporate green transformation from the perspectives of supply and demand. The study also examined the heterogeneity of policy effects from the perspective of information costs and provincial regions. The results indicated that: ① The pilot zones facilitated the green transformation of non-heavily polluting enterprises but did not encourage the green transformation of heavily polluting enterprises. ② Financial institutions in the pilot zones increased the relative financing constraints for heavily polluting and non-heavily polluting enterprises, reducing capital misallocation between them. This, in turn, affected the green transformation of both types of enterprises by promoting innovation input for non-heavily polluting enterprises and suppressing innovation input for heavily polluting enterprises. ③ External business environments, such as environmental regulation and financial technology, and internal enterprise conditions, such as bank affiliation, information disclosure, internal control, corporate size, and property rights, all contributed to the corporate green transformation in the pilot zones. Lower information costs for financial institutions in the pilot zones made it easier for enterprises to achieve a green transformation. There was provincial heterogeneity in the impact of the pilot zones on corporate green transformation. Based on the research findings, the study recommends that the government should enhance the evaluation policies for green finance of financial institutions, coordinate the construction of the green financial system, guide financial institutions to improve their green finance supply strategies, allocate financial resources with the primary aim of achieving corporate green transformation, improve the policy environment of industrial finance and digital infrastructure construction to reduce information costs for financial institutions, prioritize the protection of corporate innovation input, and promote the innovation and introduction of green technologies for enterprises in a classified manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the rule of law in the ecological environment is a long-term mechanism to promote comprehensive green transformation in economic and social development. Environmental courts, as an institutional innovation in the specialization of environmental justice, aim to improve the efficiency of environmental justice and the quality of environmental governance. However, few studies have paid attention to the impact of environmental justice reform on corporate green transformation. In view of this and considering the establishment of environmental courts by China's local intermediate people's courts as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examined the impact of environmental judicial specialization on corporate green transformation and its mechanisms using a multi-period DID model based on the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2020. The results showed that: (1) The establishment of environmental courts had a significant positive impact on corporate green transformation, as evidenced by the promotion of green innovation and an increase in total factor productivity. This conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests. (2) The mechanism analysis showed that the establishment of the environmental court promoted corporate green transformation through strengthening external constraints and improving the internal dynamics of enterprises. Specifically, the external constraint mechanism included weakening the governance failure caused by the collusion between the government and enterprises, as well as enhancing the soft constraints imposed by the public. The internal dynamic mechanism included reducing the financing pressure and improving the innovation efficiency faced by enterprises in the progress of green transformation. (3) Heterogeneity analysis found that the green transformation effect of environmental courts had a more significant positive effect on polluting industries, private firms, and firms with CEOs with environmental backgrounds. This study showed that the positive impact of environmental justice specialization on corporate green transformation was sustainable and would not squeeze out green innovation activities because of the potential transformation costs, exploring an incentive-compatible legal path for corporate green transformation. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the reform of environmental justice specialization, strengthen cross-basin and cross-regional environmental justice linkages, explore collaboration models among judicial, administrative, and social organizations, and improve the comprehensive governance mechanism that coordinates external constraints with internal dynamics, so as to stimulate the endogenous motivations of the whole society to build, share, and govern the ecological environment while maintaining normalized external pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the level, differences, and influencing factors of infrastructure investment efficiency in provincial capital cities, data from Chinese provincial capital cities from 2010 to 2022 was employed to apply the super efficiency SBM model and Malmquist index method to measure the efficiency of infrastructure investment and total factor productivity. A Tobit regression model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of urban infrastructure investment efficiency. The findings indicate that regions with higher efficiency in infrastructure investment exhibit higher input and output. These cities are among the most populous, economically developed, and technologically advanced in the country. In contrast, other regions with higher efficiency exhibit lower input and higher output. These cities are large in scale, experiencing rapid growth, and their industrial structure is primarily composed of the secondary and tertiary industries. The scale efficiency of infrastructure investment has a significant positive impact on the total factor productivity of infrastructure investment in various regions. The expenditure on science and technology, as well as population density, have a significant positive impact on the average efficiency of infrastructure investment in provincial capital cities across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Forestry plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting green development. High-quality development becomes the inevitable trend of forestry development, and new quality productive forces is the key factor to promote high-quality development. At present, although the level of new quality productive forces in China is gradually rising, the overall level is not high. Existing studies mainly focus on the development paths of forestry industry and the role and development of new quality productive forces, but few studies have linked the two. (2) Methods--On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper constructed the evaluation index system of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces. The research data were panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022. First, the weight of each index of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces was determined by the entropy coefficient method. Second, the development indexes of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces were calculated by using the weighting function. Finally, the coupling coordination model was used for quantitative analysis to reveal the coupling and coordination relationship between high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces. (3) Results--First, the level of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces in China has been improving year by year from 2010 to 2022, and the two influence and promote each other. Second, the coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces continues to rise, from the moderate imbalance stage to the verge of imbalance stage, but the overall coupling coordination degree is still low. Third, the difference in the level of new quality productive forces between eastern and western China is particularly obvious. The coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces in central and eastern China show an upward trend, while the coupling coordination degree in western China increases slowly, and is lower than the national average level. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--In order to realize the integration of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, implement the coordinated development strategy of regional forestry. Strengthen the exchange and cooperation of forestry technology between the central and eastern regions and the western regions, and the western region should strengthen the research and development of new quality productive forces in forestry. Second, strengthen forestry science and technology innovation and talents cultivation. Guide and support forestry enterprises to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation. Attach importance to the cultivation and introduction of forestry science and technology talents. Third, speed up the shaping of new forestry production relations. Integrate forestry science and technology innovation resources and coordinate the promotion of technological change, factors aggregation and industrial upgrading by relying on the local unique new forestry collective economic development model. Give full play to the advanced advantages of the new forestry collective economy in forestry capital and forestry technology, and promote the improvement of forestry total factor productivity. Fourth, improve the forestry policy and management system. Introduce a more comprehensive and systematic policy and management system for the integration and synergistic development of high-quality development of forestry and new quality productive forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the development of rape's total factor productivity in China since the Reform and Opening-up is a logical starting point to improve the comprehensive production capacity of rape. Based on the input-output related data of 11 rape main producing provinces during 1979-2020, this paper analyzes the dynamic evolution and convergence based on the total factor productivity measured by using Global Malmquist index, using kernel density estimation, δ convergence and β convergence, respectively. The results show that, according to the time-series characteristics, China's total factor productivity of rape has achieved certain growth in the midst of dramatic fluctuations since the Reform and Opening-up, demonstrating a technology-induced growth pattern, whereas technical efficiency does not contribute significantly to it. From the dynamic evolution, the geographical variations in the rise of rape's total factor productivity keep getting smaller. From the perspective of convergence, the overall δ value of total factor productivity of rape is fluctuating and decreasing, and has essentially stabilized around 0.01 since 2012, displaying an clear convergence tendency, confirming the existence of δ convergence. The absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence of rape's total factor productivity exist. The convergence model's convergence is still significant after accounting for the spatial effect, and there is a favorable spatial spillover effect. It suggests counter-measures to support the development of a national rapeseed industrial technology system, execute a regionalized development plan, and encourage coordinated regional development in order to further increase the total factor productivity of rapeseed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivated land is the most basic element of food production. Currently, there is a prominent contradiction between the expansion of food demand and the regional shortage of food production. It is of great significance to seek a more reasonable pattern of cultivated land utilization to improve the total factor productivity of food. Based on remote sensing monitoring data of land use/land cover change（LUCC）, this paper applied GIS software to extract the relevant data of cultivated land use patterns in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. At the same time, data envelopment analysis model was used to estimate the total factor productivity of grain in three provinces and cities in eastern and northern China in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Based on the analysis of the changes in cultivated land use patterns and the measurement of the total factor productivity of grain, a panel data model was constructed using indicators selected from the perspective of changes in cultivated land use patterns to quantitatively analyze their impact on the total factor productivity of grain. The results showed that, first, the four period averages of the total factor productivity of grain in the cities of three northeastern provinces were 0.81, 0.78, 0.82, and 0.83, respectively. The spatial distribution of the total factor productivity of grain changed from relatively uniform at the beginning to local agglomeration. Second, there was a negative correlation between the cultivated land transfer rate and cultivated land patch fragmentation degree and the total factor productivity of grain, while there was a positive correlation between the cultivated land area ratio, cultivated land transfer rate, and cultivated land patch aggregation degree and the total factor productivity of grain. Third, the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the three northeastern provinces mainly stemmed from the increase in the area of cultivated land, the transfer of forest land and unused land to cultivated land, and the aggregation of cultivated land in river basins. The decrease in the total factor productivity of grain mainly stemmed from the reduction in the transfer of cultivated land and the occupation of cultivated land by construction land. This research shows that the pattern of arable land use should be strictly planned, land consolidation should continue, and the degree of aggregation of arable land should be improved in order to ensure the effective quantity of arable land, improve the agglomeration and rationality of arable land use patterns, and promote the improvement of the total factor productivity of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the synergy of regional economic growth and ecological development can not only effectively promote the construe -tion of ecological civilization, but also help accelerate the green transformation of the development mode. For this, from the perspective of strong sustainability and the common frontier theory, using the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020 and considering the characteristics of regional technological heterogeneity, this study used the three-stage SBM model based on the common frontier to measure urban ecological total factor productivity. The study also used the spatial Durbin panel model to analyze the spatial spillover effects and influencing factors of urban ecological total factor productivity. The findings showed that: (J) After excluding the influence of external environmental factors and random factors, the ecological total factor productivity of each region decreased significantly compared with that before the improvement. From the perspective of average efficiency by region, there was a characteristic of east>northeast>west>center. © Under different spatial weight matrices, urban ecological total factor productivity had obvious spatial spillover effects, and there were differences in characteristics. © From the perspective of geographical location, economic development level, and resource endowment differences, the spatial spillover effects of ecological total factor productivity in China's eastern regions and non-resource depletion cities were more obvious, while those in the central and western regions, northeastern regions, and resource depletion cities were average. © The improvement of urban ecological total factor productivity could not be separated from the cooperation and exchange between neighboring regions, thus forming a development pattern of partnership with mutual benefits. Therefore, in the new era of China's economic transformation and development, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the efficiency of factor and resource utilization and fully consider the technological gaps between different regions. At the same time, it is also necessary to deepen and coordinate the pattern of regionally coordinated development, improve the innovation systems and mechanisms in policy formulation, and promote the sustainable growth of regional ecological total factor productivity so as to form a mutually beneficial and win-win development pattern among regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences & Philosophy is the property of Research Center for Humanities & Social Sciences, Academia Sinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Green credit is an important financial tool to promote the transformation of the low-carbon economy. On the basis of clarifying the theoretical mechanism of the impact of green credit on carbon emission reduction, this paper used the fixed effect stochastic frontier model containing unexpected output to measure the total factor carbon productivity of 156 cities in China from 2000 to 2019 and empirically tested the carbon emission reduction effect of green credit and its mechanism from the three dimensions of productivity, intensity, and total amount. The research found that: ① Green credit development significantly improved total factor carbon productivity and reduced carbon emission intensity, but the average impact on total carbon emissions was not significant. The above conclusions were still valid after a series of robustness tests and treatments of endogeneity problems. ② The carbon emission reduction effect of green credit was heterogeneous due to differences in regional location, resource endowment, and financial efficiency. In the central region, non-resource-based cities, and cities with higher financial efficiency, green credit had significant carbon reduction effects in both carbon productivity and carbon intensity dimensions, while green credit in the eastern region, resource-based cities, and cities with lower financial efficiency only reduced carbon intensity. ③ The stimulation of green innovation and the reduction of energy intensity were the most effective channels for green credit to reduce carbon emissions, whereas the mediating effect of the structural transformation channel was not yet significant. Green credit was more effective in promoting green innovation and generating positive spillovers in the green innovation channel. However, green credits were more effective in improving carbon emission efficiency in the energy intensity channel, but the role of supporting low-carbon technologies must be enhanced. ④ Environmental regulations had two moderating mechanisms, 'positive compensation' and 'negative offset,' for the carbon reduction effect of green credit. When the demand and supply of financial resources were low, strengthening environmental regulations would weaken the incentive effect of green credit on low-carbon economic transformation. The above conclusion not only provides a new research perspective and supplementary empirical evidence for understanding the environmental effects of green credit, but also provides a useful reference for further improving green credit policies and promoting the development of a low-carbon economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background--Improving the realization level of the ecological products value is the only way to deepen the reform of separating government from enterprises and to continuously protect and restore the ecosystems in the key state-owned forest areas. This paper takes the case of the ecological products value realization of Yichun Forest Industry as the research object, analyzes the reality of the ecological products value realization in the key state-owned forest areas and its formation reasons, and then puts forward the optimization paths of the ecological products value realization, which is of great significance for the economic transformation, quality and efficiency improvement in the key state-owned forest areas. (2) Methods--Based on the panel data of ecosystem service value and output value of the ecological products in Yichun City from 2003 to 2020, this paper quantitatively evaluated the realization level of the ecological products value of Yichun Forest Industry Group. It first established an index system to evaluate the realization level of the ecological products value, then used the SBM-DEA model to measure the realization efficiency of the ecological products value in 17 forestry bureaus of Yicun Forestry Industry, evaluated the efficiency level from two dimensions of time and space, and finally put forward the paths to improve the realization level of the ecological products value in the key state-owned forest areas. (3) Results--The average value of realization level of the ecological products in Yichun Forest Industry from 2003 to 2020 was not low, but the level of EPV realization had a clear fluctuating downward trend over time, and the average value of the EPV realization efficiency declined from 0.91 in 2003 to 0.75 in 2020. Comparing the average value of the ecological products value realization in 17 forestry bureaus in Yichun Forestry Industry from 2003 to 2020, it could be seen that the realization level of the ecological products value of Tieli Forestry Bureau was the highest, and its average value of realization efficiency was 0.985. The realization level of the ecological products value of Nancha Forestry Bureau was the lowest, and its average value of realization efficiency was 0.52. In the time dimension, affected by the change of technical efficiency, the realization level of the ecological products value of Yichun Forest Industry Group showed a certain fluctuation. The average value of total factor productivity of the ecological products in Yichun Forestry Industry from 2003 to 2020 was 1.08. From the perspective of index composition, the change of total factor productivity (TFP) was caused by the change of technical Efficiency Change (EFFCH). The average value of technical efficiency change from 2003 to 2020 was 1.081, and the rate of technological Change (TECH) remained constant at 1. The fluctuation in EFFCH from 2003 to 2020 was caused by the changes in the Pure Efficiency Change (PECH) index. In terms of spatial dimension, only Hongxing Forestry Bureau'sTFP was below 1, while all other forestry bureaus' TFP was above 1. Among them, Tieli Forestry Bureau had the highest total factor productivity (average annual growth rate of 11.5%), while Hongxing Forestry Bureau had the lowest total factor productivity (0.965), and showed an average annual decline trend of 3.5%. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, since the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, significant changes have taken place in the leading industries, product scales and business entities of the key state-owned forest areas. Second, the realization level of the ecological products value depends on whether the business entities of the key state- owned forest areas actively explore the new model of ecological industry development. Third, the technical level is the main restriction factor that the realization level of the ecological products value in the key state-owned forest areas is difficult to improve. Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: On one hand, create differentiated and diversified ecological products by relying on ecological resource endowments. On the other hand, improve the management level of ecological products and innovate the economic development model through technological renewal and talent introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To explore the bias characteristics of agricultural technological progress in China, the Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index based on the input-oriented directional distance function was used to measure agricultural input-biased technological progress in 30 Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2019, thus providing an in-depth analysis of the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of the land-saving bias of agricultural technological progress in China. The study produced several interesting results：agricultural total factor productivity in China showed an overall growth trend with an average annual growth rate of 2.87%, and technological progress was an important source of agricultural total factor productivity growth. The IBTC index was greater than 1 in all years, and agricultural technological progress was input-biased with an overall bias toward land conservation. Specifically, although there was a bias toward saving labor between land and labor, there was a bias toward saving land between land and other input factors, such as agricultural machinery, fertilizers, and pesticides. An assessment of the temporal evolution characteristics revealed that the land-saving bias of agricultural technological progress gradually decreased over time. The spatial distribution showed that the degree of the land-saving bias of agricultural technological progress was stronger in eastern China than in central and western China. The study indicates that, in the future, while further optimizing the structure of production factors, we should further promote the economical and intensive use of agricultural land and achieve sustainable agricultural development by strengthening agricultural technological innovation and application, formulating differentiated technological progress development paths, and improving agricultural factor markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China has embarked on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss how to achieve the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and basically realizing modernization together. Based on the statistical data of provincial carbon emissions and economic development characteristics from 1997 to 2019, this paper proposed an empirical model of systematic analysis using the improved Kaya‑GDIM model and the expanded economic growth model, with total energy consumption as the transmission variable. This paper also used the Mann Kendall trend test, the Tapiocarbon decoupling index, and other methods to study and judge provincial carbon emissions and economic development status. On this basis, we divided the provinces with similar characteristics into groups. Based on the comprehensive investigation of the characteristics of the driving factors of combined carbon emissions and economic growth among provinces, we proposed a matching coordinated realization scheme for the goals. The results showed that: ① According to the comprehensive judgment based on the multivariate index, 30 provinces could be divided into four categories. ② Provinces should choose the coordinated realization scheme according to the characteristics of their carbon emissions and economic development driving mechanisms. The leading demonstration group should focus on the deployment and R&D of high energy efficiency technology and the improvement of total factor productivity. The quality improvement group should focus on promoting the transformation of production factors from quantity to quality improvement. The quantity growth group should focus on improving the dilemma of insufficient quantities of physical and human capital. The structural transformation group should adhere to the energy transformation and ensure a fair transformation. ③ In recent years, the slowdown of economic growth has effectively alleviated the rapid increase of carbon emissions. However, there is still much room for improvement in relevant work. In the future, we must speed up the low carbon regulation capacity and promote the decoupling of economic growth from carbon emissions, which are key to the smooth realization of the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and basically realizing modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The river chief system is a policy innovation to deal with water pollution implemented by local governments from the bottom and the central government from the top in China. It is of theoretical and practical significance for preventing water pollution, protecting the water environment, and building ecological civilization to comprehensively review the diffusion mechanism of the river chief system and empirically test its implementation effect and influence mechanism. We used the DID model to evaluate the impact of the river chief system on water pollution based on the micro-enterprise data of the Yangtze River Delta matched with the statistical database of in‑ dustrial enterprises and the green development database. We found that the result did not satisfy the common trend hypothesis, so we used the multi-period DDD model to identify the implementation impact of the river chief system on the discharge of water pollutants in enterprises and to examine the transmission mechanism of its impact on pollution discharge. The results showed that: ① The river chief system had a significant impact on the reduction of water pollutants in the water pollution industry and could significantly prevent water pollution in the Yangtze River Delta. ② The implementation of the river chief system could improve corporate environmental perfor‑ mance by increasing investment in environmental innovation and reducing production, while reducing their total factor productivity in the short term. ③ The implementation impact of the river chief system had a heterogeneous ownership and policy motivation, which had a stronger regulatory effect on private enterprises. State-owned enterprises with stronger environmental awareness had a greater selfdrive for emission reduction, but the regulatory effect on state-owned enterprises was weak. The enterprises in the region that actively implemented the river chief system had better emission reduction and pollution control effects, while the implementation of the river chief system at the request of the superior government weakened the impact of the river chief system policy. In the process of fully im‑ plementing the river chief system, local governments should continue to fully implement the policy, guide enterprises to continuously in‑ crease innovation investment to improve their pollution control ability through technological upgrading, enhance their environmental awareness through strengthening social supervision, and actively carry out appropriate innovation on the environment protection system so as to improve the motivation and subjective initiative of governments at all levels to strictly implement the river chief system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zombie enterprises are an important source of overcapacity and pollution emissions. Accelerating the disposal of zombie en⁃ terprises is an important starting point for building a new development paradigm and promoting high-quality development and environ⁃ mental protection synergistically. Using the newly released 2006-2014 micro-matching data of China' s industrial pollution database and China' s industrial enterprise database and based on the measurement of the green total factor productivity of micro-enterprises, this study empirically tested the impact of zombie enterprises on green total factor productivity and its micro-mechanism. To alleviate the problem of data staleness, a cross-validation analysis was also carried out based on the identification of zombie enterprises in listed companies and the provincial green total factor productivity data from 2004 to 2018, and the conclusions were robust. The results showed that: ① Zombie enterprises not only had their own green total factor productivity lower than normal enterprises by 7.9%, but al⁃ so showed a significantly negative external green total factor productivity. That is, for each increase of 1 percentage point in the propor⁃ tion of zombie enterprises, the growth rate of green total factor productivity of normal enterprises would decrease by 2.733%. In the end, the existence of zombie enterprises caused the absolute level of overall green total factor productivity to drop by 3.27% and the relative level to drop by 22.4%. ② In the heterogeneous analysis, the negative externality of green total factor productivity of zombie enterprises was more significant for non-state-owned enterprises, small-scale enterprises, and enterprises with strong financing constraints. ③ In terms of the micro-mechanism test, zombie enterprises could inhibit the technological progress of normal enterprises, scale efficiency, and the growth of green total factor productivity. However, they had a certain short-term promotion effect on the pure technical efficien⁃ cy (management efficiency) of normal enterprises, and the micro-mechanism was more pronounced in the samples of non-state-owned enterprises, small-scale enterprises, and enterprises with strong financing constraints. The study also found that zombie enterprises sig⁃ nificantly reduced the labor productivity and environmental productivity of normal enterprises. In view of the conclusion, countermea⁃ sures and suggestions are put forward to speed up the disposal of zombie enterprises and promote high-quality development and environ⁃ mental protection in a coordinated manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, promoting the construction of digital village has become an important national strategy in China. However, there is little literature on the relationship between digital village construction and agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP). To fill the gap, this study used a sample of 1 740 county-level administrative units in China in 2019 and used the instrumental variable model and the mediating effect model to examine the impact of digital village construction on AGTFP and its mechanisms. This study found that: ① Digital village construction promoted the improvement of AGTFP. A series of robustness tests, including instrumental variable test, proved that the findings still held. ② The impact of digital village construction on AGTFP was realized mainly through two pathways: one was by promoting scaled operations of agri-business, and for the AGTFP measured by the GML and ML indexes, the mediating effect of scaled operation degree accounted for 1.80% and 3.70% of the total effect, respectively; the other was by promoting the development of agricultural informatization and for the AGTFP measured by the GML and ML indexes, the mediating effect of agricultural informatization accounted for 1.70% and 1.40% of the total effect, respectively. ③ Heterogeneity analysis found that in areas with scaled agricultural operations, digital village construction significantly promoted AGTFP, while in areas without scaled operations, no such connection was found. In China' s eastern and central regions, digital villages exhibited a significant promotion effect on AGTFP, and no such effect was found in the western region. Therefore, the following measures are suggested to fully tap the potential for AGTFP improvement: we should continuously promote digital village construction, support scaled agricultural operations, promote agricultural technologies and the optimization of agricultural internal structure, promote steadily agricultural informatization and the optimization and integrated allocation of agricultural production factors and resources, implement non-balanced development strategies, and improve rural digital facilities according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a new situation of a north-south gap in China' s regional economic development, which has attracted a great deal of attention. This study refers to the traditional natural geographical standard of China' s north-south division and the new changes in the spatial structure of its economic development and puts forward a new north-south division standard based on the Qinling-Huaihe Line as the north-south boundary. Nineteen urban agglomerations, including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, were selected as the study area. A new idea of north-south division was established based on the location of the central cities of the urban agglomerations in the north and south of the Qinling-Huaihe Line. On this basis, taking GDP and green total factor productivity as the total index and quality index to reflect the north-south economic development gap, this paper empirically studied the level of this gap from 2010 to 2019 by using the Theil index, analyzed the causes, and put for⁃ ward suggestions for realizing the coordinated development of China' s north and south regions. The research results showed that: ① The total economic output of the south and the north maintained a growth trend, and the total growth rate gradually declined. The to⁃ tal economic output of the south was higher than that of the north, and the north-south gap was expanding year by year. The quality and growth rate of economic development in both the north and the south fluctuated. The quality gap showed stage characteristics and a con⁃ vergence trend on the whole. ② The overall gap of the total economic development between the north and the south was larger than that of the quality of economic development. However, the overall gap in total economic development tended to narrow while the overall gap in quality tended to widen. The gap in economic aggregate in the south was higher than that in the north, and the gap in economic devel⁃ opment quality in the north was higher than that in the south. ③ The intra-urban agglomeration gap was the main contributor to the over⁃ all gap, followed by the inter-urban agglomeration gap and the north-south gap. ④ The formation process of the gap was the result of a combination of natural conditions, resource endowment, industrial structure, innovation level, market vitality, and other factors. ⑤ Focusing on the upgrading of industrial structure, the drive of scientific and technological innovation, human capital investment, and urban agglomeration cooperation, the paper puts forward suggestions for accelerating the coordinated development of China' s north and south regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green development is an important aspect of the new development concept, and innovation is an important driving force of green development. Based on the panel data of 277 cities from 2006 to 2019, this paper used the EBM-GLM model to calculate and decompose green total factor productivity and the multi-period DID model to test whether innovative city policies could promote green development. Furthermore, from the perspective of urban network externalities, this paper used the spatial DID model to analyze the spillover effects of pilot policies and explore the mechanism of the innovative city policy in the promotion of urban green development. The study found that: ① The construction of innovative pilot cities could significantly improve the level of urban green development and reduce pollutant emissions. ② The construction of innovative pilot cities could significantly advance urban green technology, but had no significant effect on the improvement of urban green technology efficiency. ③ Due to the existence of urban network externalities, the construction of innovative pilot cities could have a negative spillover effect on the green development level of neighboring cities. Furthermore, this negative spillover effect was mainly reflected in the green technology progress of neighboring cities, and the spillover effect on the green technology efficiency of neighboring cities was not significant. ④ The construction of innovative pilot cities could significantly improve the level of green urban development by improving the level of science and technology, enhancing the strength of financial support, and promoting the intermediary effect of industrial structure upgrading. To promote the development of innovative cities, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of urban network externalities, strengthen the coordination of different green development transmission paths, and construct the green development system of innovative cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

⑴ Background——The sustainable development of national economy requires forest products processing industry to improve total factor productivity(TFP).China is the emerging economy with the largest inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). Foreign direct investment plays a vital role in China's forest products processing industry which is undergoing industrial transformation and upgrading. ⑵ Methods——Based on the micro-panel data of China's forest products processing enterprises from 1999 to 2013 collated from China Industrial Enterprises Database, this paper establishes a fixed effect model to empirically test the impact of foreign direct investment on the total factor productivity of China's forest products processing enterprises and the impact of spillover effect of foreign direct investment on China's forest products processing industry. ⑶ Results——First, FDI has a negative impact on the TFP of China's forest products processing enterprises. For every 1% increase of FDI received by the enterprises, the TFP of the enterprises decreases by 4.2%. In the forests product processing industry, the TFP of all enterprises in the industry decreased by 0.03% when the total FDI increased by 1%. Second, whether FDI comes from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan or not has different direct impacts and spillover effects on China's forest products processing industry. For every 1% increase of FDI of the enterprises, the TFP decreases by 8.4%. FDI from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan has a significant negative crowding-out effect on the TFP of all enterprises in China's forest products processing industry. For every 1% increase of FDI in the industry, the TFP of all enterprises in the industry decreases by 0.05%.FDI from other countries or regions has a significant positive impact on the TFP of China's forest products processing enterprises. For every 1% increase of FDI of the enterprises, the TFP increases by 0.7%. For every 1% increase of FDI in the industry, the TFP of all enterprises in the industry increases by 0.01%. Third, the results analyzed based on the analysis of different industries, different regions, different types of enterprises and different proportions of foreign investment show that the impact of FDI on TFP of China's forest products processing industry is different. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——FDI has a negative impact on the TFP of China's forest products processing enterprises in general. Based on this, the following policy suggestions are put forward: First, the government should not blindly rely on FDI, formulate more prudent foreign investment introduction policies, and cautiously expand the use of foreign investment scale. Second, we should pay attention to the investigation of the sources of foreign investment and focus on introducing FDI from relevant countries and regions with advantages in forest products processing technologies. Third, the government and enterprises should shift from competition to cooperation, examine the purposes and modes of foreign investment, and introduce more “friendly” foreign investment. Fourth, the government and enterprises should fully consider the differences between industries, regions and enterprises in the process of introducing foreign investment. The introduction of foreign investment should consider the development stages and rules of different industries, the international competitiveness of local industries and the technological gaps between them and the developed countries, and the characteristics of the enterprises themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

⑴ Background——There are few literatures on total factor productivity of forestry enterprises and its influencing factors from micro level. The performance of ESG includes the performance of enterprises in three dimensions: environment, social responsibility and corporate governance. It is an important indicator for the international community to measure whether an economic entity can achieve sustainable development. The discussion on the influencing mechanism of ESG performance on total factor productivity of forestry enterprises is of great significance for promoting high-quality economic development. ⑵ Methods——Based on the data of A-share listed forestry enterprises from 2011 to 2020,specific enterprises include forest cultivation industry, wood processing industry, furniture manufacturing industry, paper and paper products industry and other enterprises. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the impact of ESG performance on total factor productivity of forestry enterprises. And then, step-test procedure and bootstrap method were used to test the mediating role of innovation capability and internal control between ESG performance and total factor productivity in forestry enterprises. All the research data of forestry enterprises comes from the Wind, CSMAR,Straightflush and DIB database. ⑶ Results——The mean value of ESG performance and total factor productivity of forestry enterprises are 6. 302 and 8. 894 respectively. The total factor productivity of forestry enterprises with good, average and poor ESG performance are 9. 075,8. 808 and 8. 320 respectively. The results of One-way ANOVA show significant differences between groups at the 1% level. It shows that forestry enterprises with good ESG performance have higher total factor productivity. The regression coefficient of ESG performance on total factor productivity of forestry enterprises is 0. 1470（P=0. 01）,indicating that ESG performance has a significant positive impact on total factor productivity of forestry enterprises. ESG performance includes three dimensions: environment, social responsibility and corporate governance: Forestry enterprises’ undertaking environmental responsibility improves the utilization efficiency of forest resources and promotes the coordinated development of ecology and economy. Undertaking social responsibility helps to accumulate more social capital and form a harmonious internal and external environment. A perfect governance mechanism reduces agency costs and improves employees’ value creation ability, thus promoting the improvement of their total factor productivity. The result of the mediating effect model shows that forestry enterprises with good ESG performance can improve resource allocation efficiency by improving enterprise innovation capability and improve the internal control mechanism and reduce ESG risk so as to promote the improvement of total factor productivity. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——Good ESG performance of forestry enterprises is a key factor to improve total factor productivity. First, the government should improve the rules and regulations related to ESG,guide forestry enterprises to undertake ESG responsibilities through policy incentives and punishment mechanisms, encourage third-party organizations to participate in the credit rating of forestry enterprises ESG,promote them to improve the quality of ESG information disclosure. Second, forestry enterprises should attach importance to the idea of ESG,integrate ESG performance into their corporate strategies, and fulfill ESG responsibilities actively. Third, forestry enterprises should make full use of the mediating role of innovation capability and internal control, pay attention to the investment of innovation resources and the construction of internal control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

⑴ Background——China has good forest resources, especially natural forests. Studies show that natural forests have strong carbon sinks capacity and great potential. If the forest carbon sinks of natural forests can be fully utilized, it will make great contributions to the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.⑵ Methods——Based on the forestry data of 16 provinces in China’s natural forest protection project regions from 1999 to 2018,DEA-Malmquist index method was used to analyze the static efficiency and dynamic change of forest carbon sinks.⑶ Results——During the 9th forest inventory, the total amount of forest carbon sinks in China’s natural forest protection project regions was 12.575 billion tons, which was 1.42 times that of the 6 th forest inventory. The higher growth rate was in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River（68.08%） and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River（44.88%）,while the lower growth rate was in the key state-owned forest areas（35.31%）.The forest carbon sinks efficiency in the natural forest protection project regions varied greatly among provinces. Due to the advantages of resource endowment and forestry management, the forest carbon sinks efficiency of the key state-owned forest areas and provinces in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was higher than that of provinces in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. From the sixth to the ninth forest inventory period, the average value of comprehensive efficiency of the overall forest carbon sinks in the natural forest protection project regions was 0.560,0.558,0.589 and 0.644,respectively.The average comprehensive efficiency of the natural forest protection project regions showed that the forest carbon sinks efficiency was in the middle and lower level. In addition, the average value of scale efficiency was 0.675,and the average value of pure technical efficiency was 0.883,indicating that scale efficiency restricted the growth of comprehensive efficiency. The spatial characteristics of forest carbon sinks efficiency in different natural forest protection project regions were quite different. The Malmquist productivity index approach was used to analyze the dynamic evolution of forest carbon sinks efficiency. It showed that technical efficiency and technological progress jointly promoted the growth of total factor productivity, among which technological progress played the main role, and had regional heterogeneity. The main reasons for regional heterogeneity of total factor productivity were the differences in natural conditions, forest resource endowment, economic conditions, capital input, industrial development and forestry management level.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——In the past 20 years, the forest carbon sinks has increased significantly, but the regional difference is obvious. The overall efficiency of forest carbon sinks is at a medium level, and the forest carbon sinks in most of the natural forest protection project regions is restricted by scale efficiency. In terms of time series, the forest carbon sinks efficiency shows an increasing trend, and the technical efficiency index and technical progress index continue to rise. In terms of space, the driving forces and limiting factors of forest carbon sinks efficiency are also different in different natural forest protection project regions. Therefore, the following suggestions are put forward: First, strengthen the basic research of forestry science and technology, accelerate the transformation of forestry science and technology achievements. Second, forestry development objectives and forestry policies must be adapted to the actual conditions of the regions, and measures should be taken according to local conditions to promote the coordinated development among the regions. Third, actively develop carbon sinks projects to explore potential value. Fourth, improve the carbon trading market and accelerate the transformation of ecological benefit value. Fifth, effectively protect forest resources and accelerate the transformation of forestry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)