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This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, hazards, mechanisms, risk factors, risk assessment and targeted care of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with ureteral dermatostomy. The paper proposes the necessity of constructing and promoting a scientific and feasible early risk warning score for urinary tract infection in patients with ureteral dermatostomy for these potential risk factors. The aim is to provide a reference for the study of risk factors of urinary tract infection in ureteral cutaneous stomy patients, the development of an early warning model, and the formulation and implementation of clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active physical exercise can effectively alleviate the pathological process of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCH) and improve learning and memory ability. This paper reviews the possible biological mechanisms of aerobic exercise to delay the pathological process of chronic cerebral ischemia and improve learning and memory. Previous studies have found that aerobic exercise can improve the neuroprotective effect, enhance the plasticity of hippocampal synapses, improve the activity of the upper and lower pathways of hippocampal tissue, and improve learning and memory ability. However, the intervention effect of aerobic exercise on chronic cerebral ischemia should be fully considered at the intervention time, and the intervention effect is also different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiomyopathy is a group of heterogeneous myocardial diseases with a variety of specific phenotypes that can lead to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure in severe cases. Because of the severity and complexity of these diseases, the search for new regulatory mechanisms to prevent and treat cardiomyopathy is particularly urgent. Iron death is a form of programmed cell death that differs from other forms of iron dependence and is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides. Studies have shown that iron death can be involved in the occurrence and progression of cardiomyopathy through different signaling pathways. Therefore, targeted regulation of iron death is a new strategy to prevent cardiomyopathy. In this paper, the mechanism of iron death and its important role in cardiomyopathy were reviewed to find the potential relationship between iron death and cardiomyopathy and provide more ideas for the treatment of various cardiomyopathies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the public's cognition and attitude towards general medicine, general practitioners, and pre-hospital first-aid knowledge in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, to find out the training and learning methods that are more acceptable to the public for this kind of related knowledge, and to propose targeted solutions. Methods A complete random sampling survey was conducted among the nucleic acid collection office at the gate of the vegetable market from October 15, 2022, to December 30, 2022, and the outpatient clinic of Wenping Street Health Center from January 1, 2023, to February 28, 2023, by using electronic questionnaire and paper questionnaire. Results Nearly 50% of the people in Ludian County of Yunnan Province lack the knowledge of general medicine and pre-hospital emergency care, especially the knowledge of electrical defibrillation. People with higher education and the medical profession have a higher understanding of general medicine, and people with a higher understanding of general medicine are more willing to participate in pre-hospital emergency care. The average Ridit value is: very familiar with general medicine (0.774)> Knowledge of some general practices (0.565) > Never heard of general practice (0.400). The higher education level and the more comprehensive understanding of general medicine had a positive impact on participation in pre-hospital emergency care, with B values of 0.624 and 0.619, OR 95%CI of 1.867 (1.544 ~ 2.257) and 1.857 (1.298 ~ 2.657), respectively. Taking medical staff as a reference, the B value of medical students was = 0.942, P = 0.234, the difference was not significant, and the B value of non-medical professional population was all less than 0, the effect is negative. In addition, most people have a positive attitude towards learning pre-hospital first aid, and more than 70% of people are willing to learn and train related knowledge of pre-hospital first aid. Conclusions People in urban areas of Ludian County, Yunnan Province have poor understanding of general practice, low recognition of general practitioners, low demand for general practitioners, and lack of awareness of the importance of pre-hospital emergency treatment. Because of the cognitive differences among different groups, it is necessary to conduct specific training for different groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissipative structure refers to a self-organized and orderly structure that exists far from equilibrium. The human body, considered a classical example, generates negative entropy through the exchange of matter, energy, and information with the environment to counteract the increase in entropy. In this paper, we organized theories and related research on dissipative structure and entropy, discussing their significance in regulating various aspects such as the human body, cancer, aging, and more. By selecting the special population of pregnant women, focusing on the information dimension, developing the corresponding information exchange scale (Cronbach's α>0.9), and proposing the information exchange index, we preliminarily explored the influence of the dissipative structure's information dimension on pregnancy health. The results showed a negative correlation between the information exchange index and anxiety scores during pregnancy (r = -0.35, P<0.001), with an OR value of 0.26 (95%CI:0.08~0.80), preliminarily confirming the feasibility of conducting empirical research based on dissipative structure theory. If further relevant empirical studies are conducted, it is expected that new disease prevention strategies will be developed and new theories and methods will be provided for the field of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 20 years, the development of artificial intelligence has made rapid progress, and it is increasingly applied in the medical field, including medical image-assisted diagnosis and treatment, health management, disease risk prediction and so on. In this paper, the application status of artificial intelligence-assisted detection and diagnosis system based on deep learning in anorectal diseases is summarized, and the new methods related to the diagnosis and treatment of anorectal diseases at home and abroad are summarized. It mainly reviews the research progress of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis and treatment of anal fistula, perianal abscess, hemorrhoids and other anorectal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （ NAFLD) is the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide, and its incidence is gradually increasing with the global epidemic of obesity, but there is no standardized and effective treatment plan. At present, the pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, Among many pathogenic factors, intestinal microflora disorder is the current research hotspot, which opens up a new direction for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NAFLD. However, the treatment of NAFLD in children is still being explored. In this paper, the possible mechanism of intestinal flora and its metabolites mediating NAFLD in children in recent years was reviewed, as well as the diagnosis and treatment methods using intestinal flora as an intervention target, hoping to provide some new ideas and methods for the treatment of NAFLD in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region with high incidence and poor prognosis. Cancer cells change their metabolism through glycolytic metabolic reprogramming to support their increased demand for ATP. Glycolytic reprogramming mediates the development of multisystem tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, involving multiple signaling pathways and key factors. In this paper, the changes of glycolytic metabolism, key factors and potential clinical diagnostic and theraputic approches of OSCC are summarized, and the role of OSCC in oral squamous cell carcinoma is reviewed in order to provide new research directions and ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy is a self-digestive process of cells degrading intracellular substances through lysosomes and is considered to be an important protection mechanism for tumors to maintain survival under stress conditions. A large number of evidence shows that autophagy is a double-edged sword, which can suppress the occurrence of tumors and promote the survival and growth of tumors by different signaling pathways. Therefore, more and more scholars believe that autophagy is expected to become a new strategy for tumor treatment. This paper summarizes the biological behavior of autophagy regulation of bladder cancer invasion, metastasis, and the latest progress in the treatment of bladder cancer and provides new ideas for the development and treatment of autophagy-targeted antitumor drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC), characterized by high malignancy and rapid development, is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In most cases the tumor is inoperable when diagnois is made. Therefore, non-surgical treatment plays an increasingly important role. Although the curative effect of hepatocellular carcinoma has made great progress in recent years with the development of drugs and the innovation of radiotherapy technology, the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is still not ideal due to its high recurrence rate and frequent resistance to treatment. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is the result of abnormal accumulation of multiple genes and cellular events. The autophagy dysregulation can cause the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development, metastasis and recurrence, and resistance to treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. This paper aims to review the mechanisms of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma and provide reference for future anti-tumor studies on autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the bacterial distribution and drug resistance of sterile body fluid specimens (excluding blood) in nine tertiary general hospitals in Yunnan Province from 2017-2021, and to provide a reference basis for the rational clinical use of antibiotics in the region. Methods Repeated strains from the same patients were excluded, and drug sensitivity tests were performed by instrumental method or paper method, and the results were interpreted according to the 2021 CLSI standard. Results Ascites was the specimen type with the highest strain isolation rate, accounting for 32.7%. A total of 5 305 strains were isolated from all specimens, with Gram-positive bacteria accounting for 53.3%, predominantly Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 46.7%, predominantly Escherichia coli. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were comparable in both cases and should not be underestimated. Enterococcus faecalis showed a decreasing trend of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to meropenem and imipenem were 35.6% and 40.3%, respectively, both of which were higher than the 2021 CHINET level, and the resistance rates showed a trend of increasing year by year. Acinetobacter baumannii was highly resistant to most antibiotics, especially to carbapenems with a resistance rate of 82%. Conclusion The source of pathogenic bacteria in sterile body fluid is extensive, and the form of carbapenem resistance among different genera is severe. It is still necessary to focus on monitoring the thirdgeneration cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Intraoperative use of a high-dose remifentanil may induce postoperative hyperalgesia. This paper aims to investigate whether low-dose nalmefene can prevent the postoperative hyperalgesia induced by high-dose remifentanil. Methods Ninety patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 0.1 ug/kg/min of remifentanil （LR）, 0.3 μg/kg/min of remifentanil （HR）, 0.3 μg/kg/min of remifentanil with 0.1 μg/kg/h nalmefene （HR+LN） in each group. The pain thresholds to mechanical stimuli were measured by using von frey filaments on the peri-incision area 24 h and 48 h after the surgery. Also the pain intensity, additional analgesics consumption and adverse events up to 48 h were measured after the surgery. Results The pain threshold on the peri-incision area was significantly lower in the HR group at 24 h after the surgery than the preoperative baseline （P = 0.002）. Furthermore, it was decreased in the HR group compared with the LR （P = 0.022） and HR+LN （P = 0.03） groups at 24 h after the surgery. The pain threshold on the peri-incision area still significantly decreased in the HR group at 48 h after surgery compared with the preoperative baseline （P = 0.017）. Furthermore, it was also decreased in the HR group compared with the LR （P = 0.016） and HR+LN （P = 0.02） groups at 48 h after the surgery. Postoperative pain intensity presented as NRS scores were significantly higher in the HR group than in the LR at 6 h （ P = 0.01）, 24 h （P = 0.007） and HR+LN at 6 h （ P = 0.038）, 24 h （P = 0.02） groups after the surgery. The number of patients who requested additional analgesics at 6 h after surgery was significantly higher in the HR group than in the other groups （P < 0.05）. Postoperative adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusion Low dose nalmefene can prevent the postoperative hyperalgesia induced by high-dose remifentanil in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swallowing disorders seriously affect people’ s physical and mental health and has become a major clinical and public health problem. GERD is one of the common complications in patients with dysphagia and has a very significant correlation with swallowing dysfunction. Risk factors of GERD in patients with dysphagia should be identified，so as to detect the high-risk population of GERD early，and actively take preventive measures in the process of clinical nursing，which has important clinical significance and value to reduce the incidence of GERD in patients with dysphagia. At present， there are no epidemiological studies on GERD caused by swallowing dysfunction，and there are few studies on the mechanism of GERD and the influencing factors of aspiration caused by GERD. To review the risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） in patients with dysphagia so as to provide a reference for early clinical prevention. At present， there are no epidemiological studies on GERD in swallowing disorder patients，and there are few studies on the mechanism of GERD and the influencing factors of aspiration. This paper reviews the risk factors of GERD in patients with dysphagia，and provides reference for early clinical prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic periapical periodontitis is a common oral disease secondary to dental pulp infection, which often leads to bone destruction in the apical region because of bacterial infection in the root canal. Because of the particularity of human individuals, in many cases, the dynamic changes of the pathogenesis of periapical tissue can not be directly studied, it is very important to select and establish an appropriate animal model. At present, the animal models commonly used to establish chronic periapical periodontitis mainly include monkeys, dogs, rats and miniature pigs. Among them, SD rats are often used to study the pathogenesis of periapical periodontitis because of their advantages of fast growth, easy culture, strong adaptability, low price, and easy feeding. This paper reviews the research on the animal model of chronic apical periodontitis in SD rats at home and abroad from the aspects of the basis, methods and evaluation methods after the establishment of the model, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical study of the development mechanism and treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells are a special group of cells that play important roles during root development and formation of periodontal tissues. This paper summarizes the origin and morphological structure of HERS cells, as well as the recent researches on their biological behaviors, participation in the regulatory process of tooth development,and potential application to tissue repair and regeneration. It provides a reference for the subsequent study on application strategies and mechanisms of HERS cells and their derivatives in periodontal tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system. Its morbidity is increasing worldwide year by year. The exact cause of thyroid cancer is still unclear. Radiation exposure, metabolic syndrome (such as obesity, hypertention, hyperlipidemia and diabetesun healthy life style, and environmental pollution are involved in the pathogenesis and development of thyroid cancer. Avoiding radiation exposure, controlling blood pressure, blood fat, blood glucose and body weight, improving life habits can be valid measures to prevent thyroid tumor. This paper is to summarize the risk factors and prevention measures of thyroid cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of human cancers attributable to infectious agents has been estimated to be 15%. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes causing hepatocellular carcinoma. It can also infect extrahepatic cells and cause chronic inflammation, which is associated with a variety of extrahepatic cancers. Female reproductive organs communicate with the external environment through vagina. Viral nucleic acid can be detected in the vaginal secretions and ovarian tissues of HBV carriers. Epidemiological studies suggested HBV infection may be a risk factor for gynecologic malignancies, and related to poor prognosis of patients. Cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer are most common gynecologic malignancies. This paper reviews the recent studies on the association between HBV infection and gynecologic malignancies, and analyzes the potential mechanism of HBV infection in the occurrence and development of cancer and prospects the future research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei area of Yunnan Province ranks first in China,which is a typical air pollution related lung cancer. In recent years,Xuanwei lung cancer incidence rate continues to grow rapidly,showing a clear phenomenon of family aggregation. The incidence of lung cancer in the Xuanwei area is earlier than that of adenocarcinoma and multiple primary lung cancer. Hypertension,diabetes and other cancers are common. The gene mutation spectrum and genetic background of family lung cancer patients are unique. Xuanwei family lung cancer is an ideal object to study the environment,genetics and occurrence of lung cancer. This paper reviews the research progress of family lung cancer in Xuanwei area of Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes are vesicle bodies secreted by different cells，which promote the occurrence and development of liver cancer through various mechanisms.At present，studies on the role of exosomal miRNA in liver cancer have aroused wide attention. According to the characteristics of exosomal miRNA，the pathogenesis of liver cancer can be better understood，which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.In this paper，the research progress of exosomal miRNA in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urinary tumors with the high morbidity and recurrence rate. It is of great clinical value to develop a non-invasive detection technique with the high sensitivity and specificity in vitro for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by many cells and play a key role in intercellular communication by delivering intracellular signaling substances (such as proteins, nucleic acids, non-coding RNAs, etc.) . More and more studies have shown that exosomes-derived long noncoding RNA plays an important regulatory role in the development and progression of bladder cancer and can effectively reflect the progression and prognosis of tumors, which is expected to become a new tumor marker. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of exosomes-derived long non-coding RNA in the development and diagnosis of bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of orthodontic treatment are balance, stability and aesthetics, an important physiological foundation for achieving the above goals is a good occlusal relationship, which includes static and dynamic occlusion. The evaluation of occlusal efficacy involves the static occlusal indicators such as overbite, overjet, midline and molar relationship at the intercuspal position (ICP), as well as the dynamic occlusion during the centric and non-centric excursions. The PAR index represents the degree of deviation from the ideal occlusion, and the occlusal alternations can be quantitatively evaluated by comparing the differences in PAR index before and after orthodontic treatment. The T-scan digital occlusal system can be used to evaluate the dynamic occlusion because of its characteristics of "force and time" correlation. In this paper, the advantages of PAR index combined with T-SCAN occlusal system in evaluating the occlusal efficacy of orthodontic treatment were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe dentition is a kind of disease caused by loss of physiologic median jaw position, which is often seen in middle-aged and elderlypatients. Occlusal reconstruction refers to the reconstruction and reestablishment of the occlusal state of dentition by means of restoration, among which the temporary occlusal pad plays an important role in the restoration process. This paper summarized the harm of severe wear of dentition and the importance of temporary occlusal pad in restoration, so as to provide some guidance for clinical repair work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic stroke （IS） is one of the main causes of long-term and severe disability due to its high incidence rate，mortality rate，disability rate，and recurrence rate. At present，there is only the only approved recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for the treatment of is in the clinic. However，due to its narrow time window and many relative contraindications，the clinical medication is greatly limited. Therefore，the development of new and efficient is neuroprotective drugs has important clinical significance. In recent years，peptide molecular have attracted extensive attention due to their low toxicity，high targeting，and specificity. The prevention and treatment effect of exogenous peptide molecular on IS has also been reported. In this paper，we reviewed the preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of various peptide molecule on IS and provided new molecular biological templates and research ideas for the development of new and efficient neuroprotective drugs for IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]