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頁次：13-32

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

頁次：13-23

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Purpose/Significance] With the continuous development of the open access (OA) movement, bibliodiversity is being analyzed and discussed within the framework of global open science strategy. In an inclusive knowledge society, information and knowledge resources should be readily available, interpreted and utilized in appropriate languages and formats. Established in 2019, the Global Alliance of Open Access Scholarly Communication Platforms (GLOALL) mainly includes six national journal publishing platforms, whose establishment and promotion will become a form of bibliodiversity and open access movement. The policies, resources and services of GLOALL's platforms reflect the emphasis on diversity in regions, languages, and academic evaluations, and are conducive to the collision and compatibility of multiple cultures and ideas emphasized by bibliodiversity. [Method/Process] Based on the theory of bibliodiversity research and combined with current OA practice, this paper mainly explains, compares and analyzes the policies, resources and services of GLOALL platforms. The concept of bibliodiversity was first proposed by Chilean publishers, during the creation of the "Editores independientes de Chile" collective in the late 1990s. Besides, "the International Declaration of Independent Publishers 2014" defined it as "cultural diversity applied to the world of books", that is, the critical diversity of products (books, scripts, eBooks, apps and oral literature) made available to readers. Re-examining the OA movement shows that OA under different paths should develop together and complement each other when necessary, rather than just encouraging and promoting one mode. [Results/Conclusions] The GLOALL platforms have similarities in strategic goals and construction principles, like promoting local scientific research, global OA and bibliodiversity. However, since each platform is not systematically constructed in a standardized way and is aimed at different countries or regions, there are differences in specific aspects such as policy formulation, resource construction and service operation. For this reason, these platforms are designed according to the actual situation and publishing needs of their respective countries, and form synergy through alliances to balance the global OA publishing pressure from some international publishing groups. In essence, this publishing market emphasis on the inclusiveness of global OA. The construction experience of GLOALL has certain reference significance for China to promote OA and build high-end academic exchange platforms. On the one hand, the GLOALL members are all national OA publishing platforms, promoting the OA movement through international cooperation to find a balance between unity and diversity, and between international development and local development. They have a positive effect on forming an academic exchange ecology that can not only develop bibliodiversity, but also support international academic research. More importantly, building platforms is a means, while exerting international influence is the goal. At present, green OA has the alliances such as COAR. While as for golden OA, in addition to transforming academic journals into OA, uniting the world's national open publishing platforms is another way. Therefore, research on GLOALL in terms of policies, resources, service can help China better grasp the opportunities in the OA movement, fill the gaps in the current service mechanism, and explore more suitable OA modes.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To reduce the rejection rate of ZJ17 cigarette machine, shorten the adjustment time and improve the production efficiency. Methods: The rubber roller phase alignment device was developed to accurately measure the position of the rubber line by the sensor, and the measurement signal was transmitted to the industrial computer in real time. The shaft encoder signal was used to judge the offset of the rubber line, and the servo motor was driven to automatically adjust the phase of the rubber roll, so as to realize the real-time control of the position of the rubber line. Results: The rubber roller phase alignment device was easy to install and easy to maintain. The debugging time of the equipment was significantly shortened, and the debugging smoke branches are reduced from more than 30 000 before the transformation to within 1 000. Conclusion: The application of rubber roller phase alignment device improves production efficiency, and the cost reduction and efficiency are significantly effective.

Objective: The pyrolysis transfer rate of aglycones from 7 kinds of glucosides added to cigarette paper in mainstream and sidestream smoke was studied. Methods: 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol glucoside, menthol glucoside, anisyl alcohol glucoside, leaf alcohol glucoside, phenylethanol glucoside, ethyl vanillin glucoside and vanillin glucoside were applied to the surface of cigarette paper and inject into cigarette according to the 0.01% of the weight of cut tobacco respectively. The transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream smoke and side stream smoke were determined under two kinds of flavoring methods. On this basis, the transfer rules of seven aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke were studied when the concentration of 0.001%, 0.010% and 0.050% was applied to cigarette paper. Results: In mainstream smoke, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in cut tobacco were higher than those added to cigarette paper, but the opposite was true in sidestream smoke; 5-methylfurfuryl alcohol had the highest transfer rate of aglycones in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke, and menthol had the lowest transfer rate, followed by leaf alcohol, anisyl alcohol, phenylethanol, ethyl vanillin and vanillin. Under the condition of 0.001% addition, the transfer rates of seven aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke were 0.27%~1.24% and 0.42%~1.71% respectively, 0.010% addition were 0.38%~1.87% and 0.54%~2.52% respectively, 0.050% addition were 0.31%~1.56% and 0.47%~2.19% respectively. Conclusion: The transfer rates of seven aglycones in side stream smoke were higher than those in mainstream smoke at three additive gradients, the transfer rates of aglycones in mainstream and side stream smoke showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of addition.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to study relationships between the "four only" elements in Humanities and Social Sciences and compare the seriousness of the "four only" problem. It will help to grasp the key issues, so as to provide targeted policy recommendations for solving the "four only" problem. [Method/Process] This article analyzes relationships between the "four only" elements to find the key elements, then compares and analyzes the elements in terms of reward and scarcity, and further analyzes the severity of the "four only" problem. [Results/Conclusions] The study found that: thesis and works are the most important meta-research results of researchers in Humanities and Social Sciences; the rewards of different research elements are heterogeneous; "hats" is the most important research factor; the "only hats" is more serious than the other elements. Finally, the following policy suggestions are put forward: academic evaluation should pay more attention to the reward of publishing thesis and works; solving "only papers" problem can solve the "four only" problem; we must properly solve the "only hats" problem.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective/Significance] Starting from the guarantee rate of citations, this article evaluates the construction effect of both electronic and paper resources in the Humanities at university libraries. [Method/Process] This article takes the department of Philosophy of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as an example. It collected the papers published by the faculty of the department of Philosophy of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for 3 years (2017-2019) and extracted citations to check whether they can be obtained in the University Library. [Results/Conclusions] Statistics show that 31.4% of the citations are not available in the University Library, 8.2% of the citations have alternative documents (such as translations), and 60.4% of the citations are available. This article checks the unsecured citations in the collections of Taiwan University and Fudan University to compare the effects of resource construction between colleges. Through comparative analysis, we can find the shortcomings of resource construction, find the database that mostly needs to be purchased, and provide ideas for resource construction.

Migration investigations were carried out on paper food packaging in contact with dry food simulant Tenax TA. The aim was to explore the migration behaviours of 4-cumylphenol (CP) and 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate (TBS) as potential contaminants, from paper materials to Tenax TA at different migration temperatures for variant migration times. A method based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLR) was developed to determine CP and TBS migrated into the simulant. Two independent migration tests performed under open system and closed system were contrastively studied. At the same time, a series of migration tests by using different masses of Tenax TA to contact round paper samples with the diameter of 3. 5 cm was conducted to explore the proper ratio between the mass of Tenax TA and the area of food packaging sample. Based on the analytical results, high temperature and long contact time had positive effect on the migration rate of the contaminants. However, persistent high migration temperature would lead to decrease the migration rate due to desorption of CP and TBS from Tenax TA. Migration rate in closed system was higher than that in open system. In the process of migration test, a ratio of 4. 16 g/dm2 was an appropriate experimental condition to conduct the migration test. All of the migration results revealed that the proper ratio of mass of Tenax TA to area of paper sample was the key to conduct the exposure assessment of food contact materials.

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aperture-type and patch-type frequency selective surfaces (FSS) were prepared by using carbon fiber paper containing carbon fiber. Using honeycomb as the matching dielectric layer, microscopic characterization of carbon fiber distribution in carbon fiber paper was performed by stereo microscope, the reflectivity of the composite FSS structure was tested by a vector network analyzer. The influences of unit shape, carbon fiber content in carbon fibre paper and carbon fiber length on the wave absorbing performance of aperture type FSS and patch type FSS were studied with the same matrix area ratio of carbon fiber paper. The results show that in the range of 2-18 GHz, the absorbing properties of aperture-type FSS and patch-type FSS are related to the content and length of carbon fiber in carbon fiber paper, and has nothing to do with the shape of the unit. At 6-18 GHz, with the same the ratio of the matrix area of carbon fiber paper, the shape of unit, the length and content of carbon fiber in the carbon fiber paper, the absorbing properties of aperture-type FSS are better than that of patch-type FSS.

[Purpose/Significance] Each library has provided books recommendation service on their WeChat platforms, which forms an important service model. It is of great significance to explore how to build a books recommendation system with both personalization and functionality via WeChat. [Method/Process] By using the online survey method, we follow the WeChat platforms of university libraries listed in the "Double-First Class" project, and investigate the status of books recommendation services. Some mainstream books recommendation systems, such as Imagination Star, Yuntai Buy and Jiangsu Huiwen are studied. [Results/Conclusions] We found that the type of referral resources is still concentrated on paper books, only single book can be posted each time, and the function of the system is poor. In view of the existing problems, suggestions were put forward to recommend integrated paper-electronic resources and bulk books, realize group management, create national or regional bibliographic data centers, publicize services both online and offline, and implement the library credit points system.

Radiopharmaceuticals means radionuclide preparations or labeled compounds for clinical diagnosis or therapeutic use. Radiochemical purity is one of the important judgment indexes to measure the quality of radiopharmaceuticals, which directly affects the clinical effect, it is very important to accurately determine and strictly control the radiochemical purity. In this paper, by querying and analyzing Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020, European Pharmacopoeia 10.2, US Pharmacopoeia 43-NF38, and the related literature, making a analysis and summary on the characteristics, separation principle and application of commonly used radiochemical purity determination methods, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), paper chromatography (PC), electrophoresis (EP) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which would help to establish a more scientific and reasonable standard of radiopharmaceuticals quality standards and to provide technical reference.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Detection of uric acid is crucial for real-time monitoring of human health. In this work, a method of portable scanner-based quantitative detection of uric acid with a smartphone was developed, meanwhile, a filter paper chip was designed and fabricated for the detection process, which provides an on-site, fast, and accurate measurement of the uric acid in human blood serum. The limit of detection was 0.8 mg/dL, and the detection results of human serum samples showed good agreement between the spectrophotometric method and the proposed one. This method does not require complex operations or expensive instruments, which is suitable for resource-limited areas, users’ home, as well as on-site detection, with wide applications and broad market prospects.

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to promote the transformation and development of China’s economy and cope with the realistic challenges posed by the global economic recession and slowing domestic economic growth, the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress adopted a strategic resolution on developing the “new economy” and fostering new drivers of growth. Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province, is one of the cities in China which firstly begin to carry out the layout of the new economy development. While achieving results, it also faces many troubles due to its insufficient cognition of the connotation, definition, and path of the “new economy.” The paper is based on a theoretical study in combination with the new economic development of Chengdu’s five new paths, to analyze the concept and connotation of the “new economy.” It also analyzes from the perspective of higher dimensional reconstruction and new strategic path of economic development, in order to add some insights to the theorectical study and to promote better strategic value of the new economy.

[Purpose/Significance] This paper discusses the objective value of various quantitative indicators and methods used for research evaluation, and provides reference for researchers and technology managers to understand such methods objectively. [Method/Process] The basic principles, characteristics, scope of application and typical application cases of four common indicators and methods are introduced, including: traditional statistical quantity indicators, social network analysis indicators, altmetrics indicators, and multi-index integration methods. [Results/Conclusions] Four suggestions are put forward on rational use of quantitative indicators to carry out evaluation work: correct view of various quantitative indicators, reasonable selection of evaluation methods, careful use of evaluation results, and the acceptance for the evaluation results.

Aiming at the working process of the press crimping device for paper tape crimping machine，on the basis of analyzing the movement process of the swing roller， the swing roller is regarded as the follower of cam mechanism. Its rotation angle is defined as equivalent to the stroke of the follower， and the action electronic cam curve of the swing roller is constructed. Thus， the control of the swing roller can be realized based on the electronic cam control mechanism. The definition of the electronic cam curve， especially the curve forms in the acceleration and deceleration area， and the angle relationship between the swing roller and the driving shaft in the acceleration and deceleration area are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the rotation angle of the driving shaft is twice as much as the rotation angle of the swing roller in the acceleration and deceleration area. Taking this as a guide， the parameters setting of the electronic cam function of servo motor are discussed， and it can be set off-line at different speeds of paper tape. Finally， the design idea of the PLC program to realize the above control is discussed and applied to the actual system. The reliability and stability of the press crimping device have achieved the desired effect.

Copyright of Theoretical Studies of Literature & Art / Wenyi Lilun Yanjiu is the property of Editorial Board of Theoretical Studies in Literature & Art and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of clot aspiration in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by reviewing literatures., Methods: All studies assigned into two groups of hard or soft tunnel aspiration of clots (HTAC or STAC) on the basis of surgical approaches were obtained by searching four major Chinese medical databases. And the surgical outcomes were descriptively analyzed., Results: A total of 1205 reports (72,855 patients) met the eligibility criteria. The trials (34.0%) with 80% - 89% of clot removal ratio were the most in all HTAC papers and those (37.7%) with 50% - 69% of clot removal ratio were the most in all STAC papers. The mortality and re-bleeding rate in HTAC and STAC group were 14.0% vs 14.5% and 7.2% vs 7.6% respectively (P > 0.05). As compared with the conventional medical group, the mortalities in HTAC and STAC groups were 13.4% vs 36.0% and 14.3% vs 36.1% (P < 0.001) and the re-bleeding rates 9.3% vs 10.6% and 12.2% vs 16.1% (P > 0.05) respectively. As compared with the craniotomy group, the mortalities in HTAC and STAC groups were 14.4% vs 24.1% and 16.7% vs 24.8% (P < 0.01) and the re-bleeding rates 9.1% vs 13.9% (P > 0.05) and 7.1% vs 14.7% (P < 0.01) respectively., Conclusion: Aspiration of clots can effectively remove hematoma and reduce the mortality. But it does not increase the risk of re-bleeding. The outcome of HTAC is similar to that of STAC. HTAC has the advantage of clot removal over STAC.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urban Mass Transit is the property of Urban Mass Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article introduces readers to the articles presented in this special issue of "Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies" devoted to the history of modern Chinese calligraphy, much of which is seen as departing from traditional styles. The articles were chosen among many presented at a conference, "Beyond Pen and Ink: International Research Conference on Chinese Calligraphy Outside of Historical Boundaries," sponsored by National Taiwan Normal University's Institute for Research on Art History, in Taibei, Taiwan, on November 1-2, 2008.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)