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Russia has a serious problem of environmental pollution. As a party to the Paris Agreement, Russia is pivotal in participating in and advancing the global environmental governance agenda. By presenting and analyzing the main environmental policies enacted by the Russian Government after the Paris Agreement, this paper found the following new features of Russian environmental policy: Developing a new ecological concept of harmony between human and nature; Restructuring administrative institutions and strengthen the common responsibilities of environmental policy subjects such as enterprises, social groups, and the public; Strengthening the modern management of natural resources; Focusing on developing other policies that match environmental policies; Attaching importance to the construction of federal nature reserves and national parks. This paper has some enlightenment on Sino-Russian environment protection co‐ operation: Strengthening exchanges and mutual learning between China and Russia in green and low-carbon publicity and education; Learning from the development and management experience of Russian natural resources and nature reserves to consolidate and improve carbon sink capacity; Deepening Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of low carbon energy transition; Expanding Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of green finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--With the implementation of the natural forests total stop-logging policy, the wood raw materials provided by the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China are not enough to support the normal production of wood processing enterprises. The concentration of log and sawn timber import market in the state-owned forest area of Northeast China is too high, and the import market is mainly Russia, the United States, Canada and New Zealand. With the intensification of international trade conflicts in timber forest products, Russia, Turkey, India and other countries have restricted the export of timber resources through tariff and non-tariff measures. Different types of wood processing enterprises, especially the state-owned wood processing enterprises are facing many difficulties and need to explore the transformation strategy. (2) Methods--In this paper, private wood processing enterprises and some forestry bureaus in the stateowned forest areas of Northeast China were used as research objects and 76 valid questionnaires and 20 audio interviews were obtained by using cross-cycle and multi-level investigation methods. Firstly, the audio was converted into text data, and Nvivo12. 0 software was used for word cloud analysis based on the rooted coding theory. In this study, only concepts related to the subject of constraints on the imported timber resources were proposed. Finally, the transformation strategies of wood processing enterprises in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China was studied and analyzed by using the modeling logic diagram formed by the above data. (3) Results--First, three core categories of resource constraints, cost control and transformation strategies are extracted from the interview records according to the coding results. Resource constraints are the core factor that affect enterprise transformation. Solving resource constraints is conducive to cost control, thus promoting enterprise transformation from different angles. Second, the restrictions on wood imports in international laws and bans and the continuous improvement of domestic ecological sustainable development and construction have led to the gradual deepening of the constraint degree of wood resources on wood processing enterprises. Third, due to the scarcity of resources, the increase in production costs such as procurement costs, storage costs and financing costs of wood raw materials brought about by enterprise production reduces the market price advantage of products and increases the operating pressure and risk of enterprises. Fourth, after the implementation of the natural forests stop-logging policy, the resource constraints in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast China is still at a higher level on the whole, although it is lower than the two crisis periods. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--The transformation paths of enterprises are analyzed from three aspects: diversified development, digital development and marketization development. Several policy recommendations are put forward for different types of wood processing enterprises: First, the wood processing enterprises that rely heavily on wood imports should actively carry out the construction of transportation networks to save transportation costs. Second, the state-owned wood processing enterprises should drive the main business with diversified management and guide the intervention of non-forestry capital to stimulate innovation. Third, small and medium-sized, primary wood processing enterprises should pay attention to improving the degree of agglomeration, in order to play the advantages of cluster. Fourth, wood-based panel processing enterprises and wood products processing enterprises should adopt digital means and integrate intelligent manufacturing in order to improve product quality on the basis of sustainable development. Fifth, the private wood processing enterprises should find the right market positioning based on public demands, in order to improve added value of products and market competitiveness and promote the steady development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy trade and cooperation is a key field in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative". Carrying out a study on the evolution of the petroleum products trade network of countries along the "Belt and Road" (hereafter called the BRI countries) will help the BRI countries to strengthen cooperation in petroleum products trade. Taking petroleum products as the research object, this paper used the complex network method to analyze the dynamic evolution of the petroleum products trade network of the BRI countries since the 21st century and revealed the similarities and differences between the petroleum products trade network and the crude oil trade network through comparison. The results show that: (1)The petroleum products trade network is a small world network with core-periphery structure, which presents the characteristics of scale expansion, tightness increase and increasingly complex, and these characteristics are more significant than the crude oil trade network; (2)The spatial imbalance of petroleum products trade is significant, the petroleum trade forms a spatial pattern of radiation from hub nodes such as Singapore, Russia and Saudi Arabia, and convergence to hub nodes such as Singapore, China and Malaysia, and the status of hub nodes is increasingly strengthened; (3)The communities of the products trade network gradually gather. The petroleum products trade network gradually forms three stable communities with Russia, Singapore and the Middle East countries as the cores. China gradually separates from Russia's community and join Singapore's community. Finally, corresponding policy implications are provided based on the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the safe operation of road engineering in the Daxing'an Mountains permafrost area, this paper selected the permafrost environment, natural environment and engineering measures from a large number of influencing factors to establish an evaluation set and determine the grade standard of evaluation indexes. Based on the membership degree theory of fuzzy mathematics, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of subgrade in permafrost area was established. Based on the monitoring data of the typical subgrade of the accompanying road in the permafrost area of the Mohe -Daqing line of China Russia crude oil pipeline in Daxing 'an Mountains area, the results of the evaluation model were verified and analyzed. The results showed that the model evaluation results were highly consistent with the actual road subgrade diseases. The evaluation method can be applied to the thermal stability evaluation of frozen soil subgrade, and has certain practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural gas from the eastern line of China and Russia will soon be introduced into China, it will play a strong role in promoting the natural gas utilization projects in the northeastern area and also face various problems. In order to establish a long-term sustainable development resource supply system, combined with the actual situation of energy supply and demand, the future development direction of natural gas in Northeast China after the arrival of Russian gas is discussed in this paper. The main problems are analyzed as follows: the lack of self production and high dependence of outside the region; many choices of alternative energy by the regional characteristics; peak shaving difficult and the surplus hard to deal with; poor substitution economy and the price too high to bear. Some measures on the contradictions are summed up. Diversification of sources and resources can be ensured to sustainable development. It is clear that natural gas should be used as the transitional energy in Northeast China, and some suggestions on the utilization of natural gas for regional economic development are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African swine fever is a potent foreign disease caused by African swine fever virus that was first discovered in Africa. It is not a zoonotic disease, but the incidence of this disease is extremely high. Once it occurs, it will cause a large number of pigs’ deaths. Before 2018, China had no reports about the African swine fever epidemic. Since the first discovery of the African swine fever epidemic in Shenyang, Liaoning, China in August 2018, in January 25, 2019, there were in total 104 cases of domestic pig outbreaks in 25 provinces across the country. At present, there is no specific medicine for treating African swine fever, and no effective preventive vaccine. Once the epidemic is found, the sick pig must be culled and harmlessly treated, which will cause huge losses to the pig breeding industry. And it takes a long time to eradicate this disease, almost 5 to 35 years, which requires huge manpower, financial resources and material resources. It also causes a huge economic loss and also seriously threatens the market requirement of the industrial chain. Under natural conditions, pigs are infected with African swine fever mainly through indirect or direct contact with sick pigs or pork products carrying the virus. The introduction of African swine fever in Russia, France and other countries is mainly through the transport of pork or pigs. The main influencing factors causing African swine fever purification failures in Russia include the illegal transshipment of viral pork products. The virus is relatively stable in food and can exist for a long time. With the frequent development of international trade, the risk of African swine fever virus entering the world through pork food is also increasing, which is very unfavorable for controlling the epidemic. Many countries are aware of the importance of strengthening the supervision of pork and pork products which contribute to hinder the spread of the virus. Studies have shown that African swine fever virus can spread through kitchen waste and swill, making the epidemic difficult to control, spreading the epidemic, and causing huge losses to the pig industry and the food industry. In the meanwhile, the epidemic has been closely observed by consumers, and food safety issues are imminent. At present, the reports on the prevention and control of African swine fever are mainly focused on the epidemic origin, namely pig breeding industry, and there are few reports on the prevention and control of pork products enterprises. Therefore, this paper proposes that prevention of African swine fever virus requires timely detection and control. Meanwhile, practitioners should be aware of the hazards posed by African swine fever and take measures to protect the herd and prevent the spread of the epidemic. For food companies, they should take countermeasures, conduct comprehensive prevention and control in the process of raw material procurement, production and sales. By preventing pork and pork products from entering the market , the spread of African swine fever virus can be effectively cut down. Besides it also helps to promote the development of the pig breeding industry, and ensure food safety. This has important researchable significances and practical values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]