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Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Olive is considered the main crop that is cultivated in South Sinai Governorate. Despite this importance, it is noted that there are deficiencies in the marketing system of olive in South Sinai Governorate. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the marketing systems of olive, determine their efficiency, uncover the problems they suffer from, and then suggest appropriate solutions to them. To achieve this goal, the study used the descriptive analysis method and relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, through a random sample of olive producers in the villages of Ras Masla and Abu Suwayra in Ras Sidr District. The sample size was 80 farmers, and data was collected during the 2023/2024 agricultural season. The findings indicated that there are four marketing channels for olives in South Sinai Governorate: selling as a kalala, selling to a wholesaler on the farm, selling to a retailer on the farm, and selling in the wholesale market. By estimating the marketing efficiency of olives according to the different marketing methods, it was found that selling in the wholesale market ranked first at about 61.3%, followed by selling to the retailer in the farm at about 58.2%, then selling to the wholesaler in the farm at about 56.7%. According to the respondent's opinions, the marketing problems of olive in South Sinai Governorate are mainly represented by the rise in transportation and labor costs, and the sharp price rise in fuel and production inputs. Accordingly, the study recommends reducing the prices of production inputs, opening new outlets for marketing and manufacturing olives, and improving the performance of marketing operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed primarily to estimate the Marketing efficiency of the mango crop in Ismailia Governorate. The problem of the study was the low Marketing efficiency of mangoes in Ismailia Governorate. To achieve its objectives, the research relied on the use of descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, published and unpublished secondary data, and primary data with a random sample estimated at about 100 merchants in the Abu Khalifa and El-Mostaqbal Markets, and it reached The results indicate that the average area, production, and productivity in Egypt during the period (2000-2021) amounted to about 167.9 thousand feddan, 670.38 thousand ton, and 4.11 ton/feddan, respectively, and in Ismailia governorate it reached about 68.21 thousand feddan, 201.17 thousand tons, and 3.42 tons/feddan, respectively, and with a study The structure of Marketing cost per ton in Market of El-Mustaqbal, Abu Khalifa, and the total study sample for the wholesaler was found to be about 1458, 1530, and 1494 thousand LE, respectively, while for the retailer it amounted to about 2332, 2246, and 2289 thousand LE, respectively. By studying the net Marketing return per ton in Market of El-Mustaqbal, Abu Khalifa, and the total study sample. It was found that for the wholesaler it amounted to 2041, 1969, and 2005 thousand LE, respectively, while for the retailer it amounted to about 3168, 3754, and 3461 thousand LE, respectively. By studying the Marketing difference (producer - consumer) in Market of ElMustaqbal and Abu Khalifa and the total sample, it was found that it amounted to 9000, 9500, 9250 thousand LE, respectively. A study of marketing efficiency showed that it reached 33.68%, 28.08% and 30.78%, respectively. The research recommends reducing the number of intermediaries in the Marketing process, which improves the farmer’s income and provides the product to the consumer at acceptable prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Economic & Social Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed mainly to study the economics of production and marketing of milk farms in the New Valley Governorate, this can be achieved through statistical estimation of production and costs functions, and estimating the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of milk farms in the sample of the study according to the different production capacities, as well as a study of the marketing pathways for milk farms in the New Valley Governorate, in addition to estimating margins, marketing efficiency, and distributing consumer pound, and to identify the most important production and marketing problems facing milk producers the study sample and proposals for solving them. in achieving its objectives, the research relied on the use of descriptive and quantitative economic analysis methods. It depends on field data for a sample of milk farms in the New Valley Governorate for the agricultural season 2020/2021, where their number reached 158 farms, and they were distributed over three production capacities. The results of the research explained that the most influential factors in the quantity of milk produced are the quantity of green fodder, the quantity of concentrated fodder, veterinary care, the length of the milking season, and estimating the function of total costs at the sample level, the results indicated that the elasticity of costs amounted to about 1.03, and this indicates that the sample producers are working in the economic production stage. Using the criteria of economic efficiency, the results showed that the third production capacity is more economic efficiency than the first and second production capacities, the net return increases by increasing the production capacity of the farms, and this capacity also ranked first in relation to the rate of return on the invested pound, which amounted to about 0.51, the net return to the head in that capacity was higher than the other production capacities, as it amounted to about 7.95 thousand pounds. The results of distributing the consumer's pound indicate an increase in the producer's share of the consumer's pound and the convergence of the share of the wholesaler and the retailer, and the high share of the product is due to the high production costs of feed, veterinary care, and labor. It was also found that the distribution of the consumer's pound is unfair, as the producer receives about 72.1%, while middlemen get about 27.9% of the consumer's pound, and the proportion of mediators distributed by 13.5% for the wholesaler and about 14.4% for the retail trader, this shows the low share of middlemen from the consumer's pound. By estimating the marketing efficiency of milk farms in the study sample was estimated at 66.5%, 69.2%, 71.6%, and 69.1% at the level of the three production capacities and the total sample, respectively. it was clear from this that the marketing efficiency was high at the level of milk farms in the sample of the study. In light of these results, the research recommends the following: (1) Working to provide concentrated feed at reasonable prices, while giving it subsidies, and expanding the agriculture of nontraditional fodders such as silage, rice straw, and corn Stover, (2) Expanding the establishment of milk collection centers to prevent traders from controlling prices, and achieving better prices for producers, in addition to ensuring the safety and quality of milk during its circulation, (3) Work to establish links for milk producers, whose mission is to collect and market milk, and (4) Activating the role of veterinary units and providing fortifications at reasonable prices, with the need to providing guidance services to producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to study: the development of area, production and productivity of the potato crop in Egypt, the development of economic indicators for potatoes in Egypt, and an estimate of the statistical relationship of the impact of some variables on the net return of the potato crop, in addition to the development of marketing indicators for the potato crop in Egypt during the period (2000-2020). The research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis methods and the use of some statistical methods such as arithmetic averages, percentages, simple and multiple regression analysis, and the research relied on secondary data published by the Central Administration of Agricultural Economics, the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, in addition to some related research and studies. Research topic. The most important findings of the research were: The development of the cultivated area of the potato crop during the period (2000-2020), where the minimum cultivated area reached about 178.9 thousand feddans in 2000, while the maximum reached about 437.4 thousand feddans in 2015 with an annual average of about. Also, the development of the total production of the potato crop, as the minimum reached about 1765 thousand tons in 2000, while the maximum reached about 4735 thousand tons in 2020, with an annual average of about 3537 thousand tons, and there was a development in the feddan productivity of the potato crop, which ranged between a minimum of 9.88 tons/feddan. During the year 2000, and a maximum of 11.48 tons/feddan during the year 2020, with an annual average of about 10.74 tons/feddan, it was found that the available for consumption of the potato crop in Egypt during the period (2000-2020) was characterized by fluctuation between a minimum of about 1583 thousand tons In 2000, it reached a maximum of about 4461 thousand tons in 2015 with an annual average of about 3169 thousand tons. It was also found that the surplus quantity of the potato crop fluctuated during the study period, between a minimum of about 151 thousand tons in 2001 and a maximum of about 786 tons in 2020 with an annual average of about 449.2 thousand tons. The percentage of self-sufficiency of potatoes in Egypt during the period (2000-2020), as it was found that the percentage of potato losses was characterized by fluctuation during the study period, between a minimum of about 108.2% in 2016 and a maximum of about 119.5% in 2014 with an annual average of about 113.9%. The results also showed the development of the net yield per acre of the potato crop during the period (2000-2020), where it was found that the minimum amounted to about 1214 in 2005, while the maximum amounted to about 11,479 pounds in 2014 with an annual average of about 4333.9 pounds during the study period, and by estimating the regression relationship Between the net yield from the feddan of the potato crop as a dependent variable with the farm price per ton of potatoes and the costs of production per acre of potatoes, the values of the regression coefficients indicated that the increase in farm prices by one pound leads to an increase in the net acre yield of the crop by about 3.92 pounds, and the decrease in total costs by One pound leads to an increase in the net yield of the crop by about 0.18 pounds, and the statistical significance of the two variables was confirmed at the level of significance of 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to present an introductory presentation of the development of watermelon pulp area, its foreign trade and its economics, whether production or marketing, assuming that it is a commodity with distinctive features in terms of ease of storage and transportation and it is not perishable commodity compared to other vegetable crops. The study depended on secondary data and primary data from a field sample of 50 farmers from two villages colled. Mit Al-Sheikh, and Samatay, Kutour District in Gharbia Governorate, the survey was collected in February and March 2021 to cover the summer season 2020. This is in addition to ten wholesalers and an intermediary trader and other retailers dealing. The study used the farm budget analysis model to measure the profitability of production and for each stage of marketing, also it was calculate and the marketing efficiency factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to studying the economic situation of growing Winter Potato crop in Alexandria Governorate during Corona Pandemic. The research depends on the descriptive and quantitative analysis, applied for the primary data that was collected in Alexandria Governorate during the 2020/2021 season, Through two questionnaires specifically designed for the topic of the research, the first is for the Winter Potato crop farmers in the Amerya Agricultural Administration, and the second is for wholesalers in the Nozha Market for wholesale trade of vegetables and fruits and retailers dealing with wholesalers. The research had come to some important results and conclusions can be summarized a; (1) The average total production costs per feddan for winter potatocrop in the research sample was about 29.31 thousand pounds, and the average fedden yield was about 13.91 tons/feddan, with an average farm price about 875.83 pounds per ton and it is a very low price than it was an average for previous years due to the Corona pandemic and the average total revenue was about 12.18 thousand pounds per feddan. (2) The average net return, Value added, Relative profitability, Benefit-Cost ratio, The rate of return on the invested pound and the Gross margin per feddan of winter potato crop was about -17 thousand pounds/feddan, -2087 pounds, -86.61%, 0.42, -0.58 pounds and -7.60 thousand pounds Arrangement, this indicates the existence of great losses that farmers in the research sample suffered due to several reasons related to the existence of the Corona pandemic, which led to an increase in the quantity supplied in the local market and thus the collapse of the farm price for it according to the theory of supply and demand. (3) The economic efficiency for the winter potato crop production resources which the parameters were proven significant are: the number of human labor, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the amount of pesticides at about -0.656, 1.32 and 1.37 Arrangement, which indicates that winter potato crop farmers can increase profits from crop production by increasing the user from the nitrogen fertilizer and the pesticides and decreasing the number of human labor. (4) The average absolute marketing margin between the wholesale price and the farm price was about L.E. 689.17 for ton for winter potato crop, as the retail price and the wholesale and reached about L.E. 1425 for ton, while this is between the retail price and the farm price and was about L.E. 2114.17 for ton. (5) The average farmer's share, the wholesaler and the retailer from the consumer pound reached about 29.29%, 23.05% and 47.66% Arrangement, and from this it becomes that the middlemen share represents about 70.71%. (6) The average marketing efficiency factor of the winter potato crop in the research sample decreased to 50%, reached about 49.92%, due to the low price that the farmer gets on the one hand, and the high total marketing margins on the other hand. (7) The production problems faced by the winter potato farmers in the research sample were five problems, the most important of them is the lack of effective pesticides of good reputation as a result of placing restrictions on imports due to the spread of the Corona pandemic at a rate of about 90%, and the number of proposals to overcome these problems were represented in Five proposals, the most important of them is the provision of good pesticides with multiple sales outlets, representing about 85%. (8) The marketing problems that the winter potato growers faced in the research sample were represented in four problems, the most important of them is the decrease in the farm price of the winter potato crop due to the increase in the quantity supplied due to the spread of the Corona pandemic by about 98.33%, and the number of farmers ’proposals to overcome these problems Four proposals, the most important of them is the Ministry of Agriculture providing agricultural data and information to direct farmers to cultivate areas that achieve a balance between demand and supply expectations in the agricultural season so that there is no deterioration in the agricultural price and the farmer is harmed by a rate of about 96.67%. Lastly, in light of the results the research can create many recommendations such as; (1) All parties join hands to develop a clear plan to achieve a balance between demand and supply of the potato crop according to the circumstances of the Corona pandemic, and preventing excessive storage to maintain prices, (2) Activating the role of contractual cultivation of the potato crop, and setting an indicative minimum prices to protect farmers from price fluctuations, (3) Establishing government refrigerators to accommodate increased production, (4) Working to increase the farmer's share from the consumer's pound, by reducing marketing costs, especially the profits of intermediaries, (5) Attention to farmers' opinions about the problems of production and marketing and attention to their suggestions about the possibility of overcoming these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research is to estimate the marketing and economic efficiency and food security indicators of onion crop in Egypt during the period 2005-2019, by achieving the following objectives: estimating the productive indicators of onion crop (area - production - productivity), estimating the food security indicators of onion (Amount of waste - available for consumption - local consumption - daily local consumption - production coverage for consumption - percentage of self-sufficiency - surplus or deficit - food security factor), estimating the marketing indicators of onion yield (farm price, wholesale prices and retail prices - marketing margins - distribution of consumer pounds - Marketing efficiency and price increase), estimating the economic indicators of onion crop (total revenue - cost of production per ton - total production costs - net revenue per ton - net return per ton - product incentive - return on invested pound - profitability of the invested pound). The research was based on the published statistical data from the Central Administration for Agricultural Economy, the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, and the FAO data on the International Information Network and the World Bank database, as well as many references and studies related to the topic of the research were used, and in order to achieve the objectives of the research, the method of descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis was used, in addition to using some statistical methods and models, to study the economic variables of production, consumption, farm price and marketing efficiency, Using Excel 2010and Spss ver. 25 in data analysis. The most important results of the research were: that despite the increase in the area cultivated with onion crop, the productivity per faddan decreased in 2019, and this may be due to the spread of fungal and insect diseases, high production costs, lack of labor and high wages, high costs of resistance and the lack of seeds. The decrease in the self-sufficiency ratio of the onion crop and the decrease in the value of the surplus in 2019was evident, as well as a significant decrease in the level of food security for the onion crop in Egypt, and the increase in farm, wholesale and retail prices was almost balanced rates of increase during the study period, which reflects the consistency of the marketing system, and in relation to the marketing margins. It was found that the absolute marketing margin of the retailer was greater than the absolute margin of the wholesaler, while the relative selling margin at the level of the wholesaler was low compared to its counterpart at the level of the retailer. This may be due to the nature of the onion crop as it is a crop that tolerates transportation and storage capacity, which reflects on the marketing services provided by wholesalers which have decreased. With regard to estimates of the farmer's share of the retail price of onion, it means that it constituted a large percentage of the consumer’s pound compared to the share of the marketing intermediaries, which reflects a clear distinction in the farmer's share of the consumer’s pound compared to the shares of intermediaries. The greater share of the price that the final consumer pays to these producers in exchange for what the marketing intermediaries receive, and the consequent improvement in the efficiency of the marketing system for onions in Egypt, and from the estimated results of the marketing efficiency it was found to be low and less than %50, which means that the marketing costs of onions in Egypt increase On the costs of its production during the study period, and this reflects the high profits that the intermediaries receive during the various marketing stages, and the decrease in the net return achieved by the pound invested in the production of the onion crop, which means the decrease in the economic efficiency of this crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharkia Governorate is one of the most important wheat producing governorates. It rankes first according to the cultivated area which represents 12.5% of the total wheat area (2000-2015). However, it is not the first place in terms of productivity, and wheat is facing many production and marketing problems which calls for the need to study these problems and search for solutions. The objective was to identify the production and marketing efficiency of the wheat crop produced in Sharkia Governorate to identify the productive situation in Sharkia Governorate to the identify the economic and production efficiency, marketing channels and, marketing efficiency, and the most important problems facing both producers and marketers. This was achieved through a field study in three districts of Sharkia Governorate: the Districts of Faqus, Abu Hammad and Belbeis, which represent the three sectors of the Governorate North: Central and South. The sample included 90 farms distributed among the three districts and 20 wholesalers and 30 retailers. The study reached a set of results through the stages of research and the use of appropriate data analysis represented in: There was a statistically significant annual increase at 0.01 level for both area and total wheat production in Sharkia Governorate. The return on the invested pound was about 0.71 pound as a general average with a maximum of 0.83 pound at Faqus District and a minimum of about 0.60 pounds Belbeis District. The percentage of profit reached about 41.5% as a general average with a maximum of 45.3% in Faqous District and a minimum of about 37.5% in Belbeis. The return per pound invested in the trade and marketing of wheat through the private sector during the period after the new bread system was about 0.21 pound. The average monthly net profit per trader after the system was about 5.082 thousand pounds which an increase of about 3.469 thousand pounds compared to the pre-system. There are many problems that limit the encouragement of producers to expand wheat cultivation in Sharkia Governorate. The problem of increasing the value of production inputs (100% of the opinions) was the top problem, and the problem of rising wages of workers and machines was 52.2% from the total opinions. Marketing problems include the storage area were fare from the production villages (78.8% of the opinions) and the lowest (42.2% of the opinions) in the problem of theft in the balance. Through the results, the study recommends that: The importance of establishing collecting centers in all villages to encourage farmers to market the crop by the government channels. The local price for wheat must be proportion to the world price. Trying to overcome the problems of production and marketing of wheat crop in Sharkia Governorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to calculate the marketing efficiency to measures range of efficiency of the marketing processes of crop and their satisfaction of consumer demand, and calculate the marketing margin in marketing process for stage producer - whole sale and whole sale-retailer stage, and to fulfillment the requirements the research it is aims . The data was collected from 32 farms of tomato from AL-Taji District_Baghdad province Agricultural season 2015 non covered agriculture. The marketing efficiency of sample low 32. 5, and the absolute marketing margin in stage of wholesaler-retailer was 230 I.d/kg, and retailers importance it was 39.36%, although that relative importance of the retailer profits from the marketing margin about 67.59%,the study recommended to increasing the efficiency the marketing processes to increase the marketing efficiency ad reducing the waste during the marketing processes, and to cultured the farmers about necessity of the marketing processes in side the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to measure the efficiency domestic marketing of orange in Sharkia Governorate, by estimating some marketing efficiency indicators according to the different marketing channels. The study relied on preliminary data from a field sample of farmers and traders and brokers in Sharkia Governorate, in districts of Minya Alkmh and Abu Hammad, where orange cultivation, and trade concentrated. The sample covered the agricultural season 2014—2015. The Analytical methodology includes some mathematical statistical methods such as arithmetic averages, percentages and apply some marketing efficiency including marketing margins and profitability, the spread of consumer pound practical efficiency and price efficiency. The results indicate that marketing margins vary according to marketing channels. The marketing margin for the farmer reached a maximum value of 761.145 pounds / ton when selling to consumers directly, while reaching the lowest value of 311.25 pounds / ton when selling by kalalah method. The wholesaler reached to a maximum value of 255 pounds / ton when buying oranges from farm by kalalah method and less the value of 37.58 pounds / ton when buying oranges from farms by commission. The profit margin for retailer reached a maximum value of 286 pounds / ton when buying oranges directly at the farm gate. While the margin retailer in kalalah method was 186 pounds/ton and in weight method it was 187 pounds/ton. The producer got 100% of the consumer pound when selling to consumers directly, while the producer share at the consumer pound dropped to 54.8% when selling by kalalah method. While the share of wholesaler got the maximum value of 26.9%from the consumer pound when buying by kalalah method from farmer and got less than 4.3% from the consumer pound when buying oranges by commission. The retailer got maximum 24.9 from the consumer pound, when buying directly from the farm and got 18.3% in kalalah method and weight method. The marketing efficiency reached a maximum value 89.2% in sales by weight method to the consumer due to lower marketing costs. The marketing efficiency reached lowest value in case of a sale in the agency commission due to higher marketing costs. The marketing efficiency, according to the standard price reached a maximum value of 63.18% in sales by weight method to the consumer however, this method of selling is used only in very small spaces close to the markets. The marketing efficiency, according to the index reached its lowest value of 46.9% in case of sale in agency commission basis. Low price efficiency in all sale methods used in the orange market in Sharkia Governorate was due to increase production and marketing costs compared to the selling price to the consumer. It is very important to improve this efficiency by reducing production costs and improving marketing services so as to contribute to the improvement of selling prices and increase profits and the high level of marketing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bee honey production projects are considered as one of the oldest and important economic projects in the Egyptian agriculture. At the time when clay hives disappeared, the study has focused on the modern hives.The study problem is declining of honey production in Egypt and in Sharkia Governorate. The reasons of this problem are deterioration of areas of flowering plants and excessive use of pesticides. The study aimed to identify the most important factors that affect the total production, self-consumption and gifts and marketed surplus of honey bees. The study depended on two main sources of data, a sample survey data from Sharkia Governorate and secondary data published by the ministry of Agriculture and land Reclamation. The study used descriptive and quantative represented in the stepwise regression in addition to the percentages and averages in the data analysis. The study found the following results: The average number of apiaries in Sharkia Governorate decrease compared to the number of apiaries in Egypt. The marketing difference for different levels of study in Sharkia Governorate exceeds those at Egypt and that on the average for the study period (2009-2013). By studying the factors effected the honey bee production of the sample. It has proved the positive significant correlation between the hives production of honey bees in kilograms and each of the number of hives, the amount of sugar used in feeds in kilograms, the number of days of human labor, the number of times transfer of the hives from its original place. By studying the family consumption and gifts, it has been shown that the increase of honey production leads to increase in self-consumption and gifts. While increase the price of honey bees at the level of producer and consumer lead to decrease in self-consumption and gifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to, analyze and estimate marketing margins and the relative importance of some vegetable crops in the province of Baghdad and then estimate the product share and wholesaler and retailer of consumer Iraqi dinars spent boil vegetable crops studied Results of the study showed that the margin catalog crops fresh vegetables varies from time to harvest as it was about 316 dinars Tomato and 315 for the option of water and 421.3 dinars eggplant and 448.5 dinars potato and 425.5 dinars onions dry. How much the product share of consumer spending was about %58.3 and tomatoes %59.7 of the option and water %52.3 of the eggplant and %56.2 and potatoes 49.8% of dry onions. The share of the wholesale of consumer spending about 12% and tomatoes %13.5 of the option and water %11.2 of the eggplant and %9.5 and potato %9.2 onion dry. What share of the retailer of consumer spending about % 29.7 and tomatoes 23.3% of the option and water (36.4%) of the eggplant and 34.2% and potatoes 41.0% of dry onions. The relative importance of the terms of marketing margin for vegetable crops school came first prize profit retailer as it drew %42.6, and came in second place transportation as the percentage %18.8. And the third place came the profits of the wholesaler as the percentage %17.7, And it was ranked fourth marketing operations costs as the percentage %10.1 it ranked fifth packing costs amounting to % 9.2 . It came sixth rank as loading costs amounted to %1.3. And that the margin between the search marketing is relatively high despite the decline in its absolute value, to the short distance between the producer and the consumer on the one hand and the lack of marketing tasks on the other hand care. Find recommendations came out of perhaps the most important work to raise marketing efficiency by changing market performance so that leads to lower costs functionality without modifying or reducing benefits or increasing the marketing benefits of marketing services without increasing marketing costs or achieve both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims at raising economic performance· efficiency for maize marketing in Sharkia Govemorate. This can be achieved by measure some indicators and factors affecting efficiency of maize marketing depending on data from sample which collected during 2014. The results of sample study were: marketing differences was 551.77 LE/ton, Marketing costs was 79.82 LE/ton, net return was 374.12 LE/ton, average of Pound profitable was 0.24 LE, and average marketing efficiency was 67% at sample level 2014 in Sharkia Govemorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]