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This research aims to extract the values included in the Al-Bayan manuscript related to the state of Jalan in eastern Oman in the eleventh century AH through analyzing the jurisprudential fatwas to reach a general picture of the reality of the values prevailing in Omani society in the eleventh century. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the inductive deductive approach to extract values from the jurisprudential issues related to Jalan, and to identify the Al-Bayan manuscript and its author using the manuscript, documents and references related to the study. The study reached a number of results about the Al-Bayan manuscript, its history, topics and the sheikhs whose answers were included in it, a brief about its author and his family, the works he carried out and his state during the era of Al-Ya'ariba and his care for the manuscripts. The study also extracted the values included in the jurisprudential issues related to Jalan in that period, such as caring about paying zakat, marriage customs, donating to those about to get married, the sanctity of people's money, organizing grazing, controlling ownership contracts, submitting to the authority of the judiciary, cultivating agricultural lands, investing in mosque funds and adhering to custom. The study recommended conducting more research on Omani heritage books, seeking to uncover more political, economic, social, educational, and other values in Omani jurisprudential encyclopedias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to: Identify level of attitude towards use of mechanized agriculture in Sharkia Governorate, determine significant correlation between attitude level of towards use of mechanized agriculture and independent variables, determine the degree of relative contribution of the independent variables in explaining the total variation in attitude level towards use of mechanized agriculture, determine the significant differences between respondent farmers in attitude towards use of mechanized agriculture and its axes according to location of agricultural mechanization station, identify problems that hinder use of mechanized agriculture, and identify suggtion to solve them. The research was based on the social survey method on a sample of 362farmers in Shalshalamon and Manzil Hayyan in Sharkia Governorate. Data were collected by a personal interview questionnaire during February to March 2023. Data were analyzed by: frequencies, percentage, relative weight, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, step wise coefficient, ANOVA, L.S.D. Results showed that more than half of the farmers had a neutral attitude towards use of agricultural mechanization by 56.1%, towards investment in field of agricultural mechanization by 56.9%, and towards use of mechanization in some agricultural operations by 66%. Results showed that four independent variables contributed significantly together to explain the total variation in farmers' attitude towards use of mechanized agriculture by 18.9%, these variables Were: age by 9.1%, ownership of agricultural machineryby5.1%, the prepare to risk by 3.5%, ownership of agricultural land by 1.2%. This showed a statistically significant difference between farmers in the attitude towards use of mechanized agriculture and its axes according to location of agricultural mechanization station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial modeling is one of the important tools in the geographic information systems environment that is used to show the causal relationships between the spatial variables of various phenomena. (overlay) to get accurate results. The main idea is based on building a geographic information base (Geo database) that organizes data on the phenomenon of the study area represented by environmental factors and agricultural crops in the form of layers so that each layer represents a specific topic, the aim of which is to prepare a spatial modeling map of agricultural land from matching each of the (structure) maps geology, elevations, slope, slope direction, soil, soil productive capacity) after studying and analyzing each one separately using Model Builder in ARC GIS 10.8.2 program to find out the best suitable places for agricultural crops in Al-Hamdaniya district and compare them with the crops actually planted for the year 2021. The study showed that the agricultural crops grown in Al-Hamdaniya district are located within the very good and good areas for cultivation, while there is little or no cultivation in the areas that are not suitable for cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed at the economic evaluation of marine aquaculture in the Triangle area in Damietta Governorate. The data was collected using a personal interview questionnaire during the months of September and October of the year 2020. This is for a regular random sample of 57 holders of marine fish farms in Damietta Governorate, representing about 5% of the total holders of marine fish farms. The descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis method has been used to estimate some averages, percentages and economic indicators that serve the research objectives. The research reached several results, the most important of which are: (1) The relative contribution of natural fisheries in Egypt and Damietta Governorate declined, as their contribution reached 22.74% and 15.14%, respectively. While the role of fish farming has been steadily growing, its contribution amounted to 77.26% and 84.86% of the total fish production in Egypt and Damietta Governorate, which amounted to 1599.69 thousand tons, 150.36 thousand tons as an average for the period (2010-2019), respectively. (2) The average value of the variable and fixed costs per acre in marine farms amounted to 208.70 thousand pounds, 23.70 thousand pounds, representing 89.80%, 10.20%, respectively, of the total costs, which amounted to 232.40 thousand pounds/feddan. (3) The average selling price of a ton of sea bream and sea bass was 100 thousand pounds, 70 thousand pounds for mullet, and the average production per acre of marine fish was 2.889 tons, while the total revenue from sold marine fish was 283.23 thousand pounds/feddan. (4) Marine aquaculture projects generate profit and an economic return. (5) The feasibility of investing in marine aquaculture activity was shown, as the average internal rate of return was estimated at 37%. (6) Investment efficiency indicators are more sensitive to changes in the farm selling price of marine fish than changes in the purchase price of feed and fingerlings, but the profitability of these projects remains economically feasible. (7) The critical value of the average selling price of bream and sea bass was estimated at 88.50 thousand pounds / ton, and mullet 61.95 thousand pounds / ton, while the critical value for the price of a ton of fodder was 25.40 thousand pounds, while the critical value of the mortality rate was 30%. (8) The problems of marine fish farming facing the respondents were of high relative importance and were represented in administrative and organizational problems, technical and operational problems, and economic and marketing problems. (9) The most important proposals of the respondents to overcome the problems of marine fish farming that they face are to provide and support the prices of feed, seed, and production requirements from the Authority - Establishing fish sales and marketing outlets near the areas of marine fish farms - Constantly cleansing the septic tanks and public drains and increasing the number of openings and septic tanks in the Triangle area and the road. Port Said International to constantly replenish the water - Establishing a fish hatchery that serves the marine fish farms area in Damietta to provide fry continuously and in a timely manner - Increasing the rental period for marine fish farms while working on ownership of lands for owners of marine fish farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Saffron Research is the property of University of Birjand and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cotton is represented the most important crop produced by Egypt. the relative importance of the cotton area in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate increased to 35.9%. while the relative importance of cotton production in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate did not exceed 33.3% compared to the area and production of cotton in Egypt. which called for interest in estimating the efficiency of using economic resources in cotton production farms in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. this objective was achieved by using DEA to estimate the technical and economic efficiency of 60 farms as study sample. which were divided into three categories. The results of the study showed that the technical efficiency according to the concept of constant return to capacity ranged between 89% for the second category and 98% for the first category. the smallest area to indicate the importance of capacity economies. in contrast. the third category of sample farms was distinguished being the largest. the area achieved the highest estimate of economic efficiency 87%. followed by the first category with 86%. and the second category achieved the lowest estimate for the economic efficiency index. 77%. Recommendations: The efficient use of the used production elements to achieve technical and economic efficiency. also it is necessary to focus the efforts of the development and improvement programs on the categories of the second and primary farms. whose area ranges between an acre and less than an acre. as the estimates of economic efficiency indicators were the lowest among the categories of the study sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During this study, 95 disease cases were recorded, 40 of them were due to the bacterial gill disease, 29 due to the skin ulcer disease, 14 due to the intestine inflammatory disease and nine cases of Asian tapeworm Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, one case each of acidity disease, high ammonia disease and fin rot. Health problems were recorded in 71 fish farms for the three years in an epidemiological or mass infections which included 46 pond farms with a total area of ​​310 dunam (0.25 ha) and 15 fish farms with a total of 139 cages and a total area of ​​1733.2 m2. Infected farms that adopt closed and semi-closed systems were 10 farms with a total area of ​​1233.2 m2. Death rates were different. The highest incidence of disease (52 cases) was recorded in 2016. Cases were described, the causes of the diseases and the results were recorded based on the chronological sequence of each case, type of infection and method of fish farming.

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athar alrafedain is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agritourism has been studied in various ways and contexts. It can be argued, however, that studies have yet to provide a clear and basic understanding of the characteristics that underpin and define agrtourism. Therefore, this paper investigates how the agritourism application in semi-urban areas of Al Jabal al Akhdar municipality, a total of forty-four (44) questionnaires were distributed to respondents where 42 responded. A quantitative data analysis approach was used to analyze the data (SPSS). The results indicated that Several roles of agritourism in semi-urban areas. Finally, the study was recommended that activating agricultural associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to identify farmers' attitudes towards some methods of confronting agricultural environmental risks in the New Valley Governorate. This research was conducted on a regular random sample selected from among the farmers who own agricultural land in the selected associations in the centers of Kharga and Dakhla in the New Valley Governorate, and the number of 6358 farmers, and the equation of Craigsy and Morgan was used to determine the sample size, Accordingly, the size of the research sample reached 363 farmers surveyed, and the data was collected in a personal interview in the questionnaire prepared to achieve the research objectives during the period from October 2022 AD to March 2023 AD, and the most important results were: The majority of farmers have weak attitudes towards methods of facing agricultural environmental risks, as about 94% of them fall into the neutral and negative trend categories, and that About 70% of the respondents have obtained scores less than 50% of the scores that must be obtained in the scale of trend scores (according to the theoretical range), and the most important recommendations were: Agricultural extension should play its expected role to modify farmers' attitudes through the implementation of extension programs in the field of methods of confronting agricultural environmental risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to identify the general characteristics of the respondents, the possibilities available in fish farms, the sources of information for fish farmers, the extension services provided by the General Authority for Fish Resources Development to fish farmers, and the farmers’ opinions on the quality of the extension service provided by the General Authority for Fish Resources Development for fish farmers. And determining the factors related to the farmers’ opinions on the quality of the extension service provided by the General Authority for Fisheries Development to fish farmers, the problems that impede achieving quality in the extension service in the field of fish farming, and the respondents’ suggestions to address the problems that impede achieving quality in the extension service in the field of fish farming, and this study was conducted in Damietta Governorate, and the total number of private fish farms in Damietta Governorate was calculated and found to be 1518 private farms. The sample was taken at a rate of 10% of the total number of private fish farms. Consequently, the sample size became 152 farms. The sample was distributed to centers according to the relative weight of each 57 respondents from Shata region, and 45 respondents. From the area of Sheikh Durgham and Ezbet Al-Burj, 28respondents from the Al-Ratma area and Shatt Jeriba, and 12 respondents from the area from the Al-Siyala, AlAnania, and Al-Basarta areas, and 11 respondents from the graduate youth area in Shata. The most important results were: It turned out that 20% of the farms had small capabilities, 47.4% of the farms had medium capabilities, and 32.2% of the farms had large capabilities, and it turned out that (29.6%) of the respondents were exposed to sources Information is low, (31.6%) of the respondents have medium exposure to information sources, while (%38.8) have high exposure, and it turns out that (14.5%) of the respondents indicated that the level of extension services provided by the General Authority for Fish Resources Development to fish farmers is low, While (61.8%) of them indicated that the level of service is medium, while (23.7%) of them indicated that the level of service is high, and it turned out that (16.5%) of the respondents indicated that the level of quality of the actual agricultural extension service is low, while (21.7) indicated that the level of quality of the actual agricultural extension service is low. %) of them indicated that the level of service is low, while (61.8%) of them indicated that the level of service is high,The results also showed that the most important problems that impede achieving quality in the extension service in the field of fish farming were arranged in descending order according to the arithmetic mean as follows: the high fuel prices, the instability of selling prices with an average of (2.8 degrees), then the high transportation costs with an average of (2.6 degrees), then both the increase in mortality during transportation, and the lack of basic environment and public services with an average of (2.5 degrees), then the lack of good fodder, and the weakness of extension services with an average of (2.4 degrees), then the difficulty of obtaining seed with an average of (2.3 degrees), and the results showed The most important suggestions of the respondents to confront the problems that impede achieving quality in the extension service in the field of fish farming are, respectively: reducing or subsidizing fuel prices by 96.71%, then emphasizing the legislation to protect water from pollution by 93.42%, then expanding lending in the field of fish production At a reduced interest, to encourage investment in fish farming at a rate of 92.76%, then provide subsidized feed at a rate of 91.45%, then provide good seed at reasonable prices at a rate of 90.79%, and then prepare training courses to raise the efficiency of producers, workers and extension workers in Fish traveled by 71.71%, then encouraged the establishment of cooperative societies to provide farmers with production requirements such as feed at reasonable prices, at a rate of 63.82%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Egyptian government's efforts to achieve selfsufficiency in basic crops. By increasing agricultural production through horizontal expansion and encouraging investment in the field of land reclamation and establishing new agricultural communities to provide job opportunities for young people in these communities, which helps to reduce the unemployment rate, so arable land resources are the most important and largest determinants of horizontal agricultural expansion in addition to water resources. The most important search results were as follows: The results of estimating the pressure index on cultivated land for grain crops, oil crops, legumes, and sugary crops indicated that it is less than 1 during (2000-2020) in four different regions in Egypt, and this means that the actual per capita share of cultivated land is greater than the minimum per capita share of land. Planted and did not reach the value of the danger limit (alarm). This indicates that the four different regions in Egypt are still capable of achieving self-sufficiency, and that it is possible to expand into new lands to increase the self-sufficiency ratios of strategic crop groups. And when making future projections for both the area of agricultural land and the area of arable land, based on the B&J methodology, which gave logical results for the current reality, and the estimated model for each of them was as follows: The ARIMA model (1,1,2) is the appropriate model for predicting the area of agricultural lands in Egypt. Agricultural lands increased during the forecast period from about 9927 thousand feddans in 2021 to about 10376 thousand feddans in 2025. The minimum ranged from 9453 thousand feddans in 2021 to about 9687 thousand feddans in 2025, while the maximum ranged between 10401 thousand feddans in 2021. To About 11,066 thousand acres in 2025. The ARIMA model (2,1,3) is the appropriate model for predicting the arable land area in Egypt. And that arable land will increase during the forecast period from about 7,264 thousand feddans in 2021 to about 7,497 thousand feddans in 2025. The minimum ranged between 6,439 thousand feddans in 2025 to about 6,618 thousand feddans in 2021. While it ranged the maximum range between 7,909 thousand acres in 2025, in 2021 to about 8,554 thousand acres in 2025. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing and emerging public health problem worldwide. This research determines the occurrence of ESBL E. coli and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli on eggshells from selected layer chickens. The shells of 270 egg samples were swabbed to detect the presence of E. coli. E. coli isolates were recovered from 73(23%) of the 270 samples collected. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using six panel antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin) using the disk diffusion method. The isolates showed the highest resistance to Ampicillin 95.9%, closely followed by tetracycline 89%, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 72%, gentamicin 41.1%, and imipenem 1.4%. Also, 78% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. A 56/73 (76.7%) out of seventy-three isolates were screened as presumptive ESBL-E. coli by culture on ESBL CHROM agar and 42/56 (75%) of the isolates yielded ESBL-producing E. coli based on the production of ESBL by double disc diffusion method. The questionnaire survey results showed that all farms used antimicrobial agents for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. Also, not all the farms had suitable biosecurity measures. The findings of this study indicated that eggshells are potential reservoirs for multi-drug resistant E. coliand ESBL-Producing E. coli.

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research Title: General Conditions in the Province of Khorasan before the Islamic Conquest. Research Significance: The study of the general conditions in the province of Khorasan prior to the Islamic conquest is of great importance. As Khorasan was the heart of the Sasanian state and the source of its wealth, and during the era of the Arab Islamic state, Khorasan became the sixth region of the regions under the domination of Islam. Research Objectives. 1- To know the origin of the name, Khorasan, its important strategic location, its borders, and the vast area of agricultural lands rich in its fertile soil. Khorasan is also distinguished by the sweetness of its water, the mildness of its climate and the goodness of its air. Therefore, Khorasan is famous for its abundance of bounties and the diversity of its production of fruits, grains and fruits. 2- To study the political and administrative situation of the Khorasan region during the era of the Sassanids and to know the origins of the people of Khorasan, their races, languages and religions prior to the Islamic conquest. Research Methodology. The researcher relied on the academic scientific method and the harmony and balance between the descriptive and analytical modes of the text in line with the nature of the subject. Research Organization. The nature of the research subject necessitated its division into three main chapters as follows: The first chapter deals with the study of the geography of Khorasan, its name, location, borders and climate. The second chapter deals with the political situation of Khorasan and its administrative divisions during the era of the Sasanian state The third chapter deals with the study of the origins and languages of the people of Khorasan, and the nature of the religions and beliefs that were prevalent in Khorasan and embraced by its inhabitants before they converted into the true religion of Islam. Finally, the conclusion, which contains the most important findings of the research. the most important findings of the research:. 1- Khorasan was in the north-east of Persia, but the countrymen were unable to define the borders of Khorasan accurately, and in general the narrations defined the borders of Khorasan from the east at the Jihon River as a boundary separating it from the country that meets it on the other bank of the river, while others went to include the land beyond the River to be in Khorasan Province. 2- The climate of Khorasan is moderate and the air is pleasant. It is not a region of extreme heat or extreme cold, except for Bamiyan, as it is the coldest and snowiest place in Khorasan. Khorasan is described as having pleasant air, sweet water and healthy soi 3- The province of Khorasan was divided into kur (plural kurah), which is a purely administrative division, and the head of the kurra stood at the head of the kurra, and the kurrah was divided into villages headed by the village chief. And at the head of the Khorasan corps was an official whom the Persians called Osbadh Khurasan. 4- Khorasan was inhabited by the Pashtuns, who are the majority, the Baluchis, and the Persians, with the presence of the Turks in the north, and the region beyond the river remained known as the land of the Turks as its inhabitants. Those who resided near Khorasan were called the Invading Turks, those who dwelled in Farghanaa were called Kharkhalia Turks, and those of Saghd land were called Saghduon Turks. 5- Khorasan did not know the true religion, and the heavenly religions that preceded the advent of Islam did not spread among them except to a limited extent. Most of them were on the Magi, and the people of Khorasan were famous for their tendency to worship the manifestations of nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agricultural production is the basic pillar of food security, but the type of agricultural crops and the quantity of their production are greatly and clearly affected by natural factors of all kinds, and man has evolved in his adaptation to natural conditions in order to serve his various activities, including agricultural activity, but his control in these conditions is limited and still The natural conditions (geological structure, topography, climate, soil, and water resources) are specific to the type and location of the various agricultural activities. The uses of agricultural land are subject to natural controls, since the farmer is in direct contact with it as long as he practices agricultural activity in the open. The current research examined the study of the most important natural factors affecting the production of agricultural crops in Qayyarah district represented by the geological structure and surface appearance represented by (slope) and (elevations) in addition to the soil and its productive capacity and linking it with the production of agricultural crops for the aforementioned region for the year 2021 using geographic information systems techniques. And then building a model for spatial fit and agricultural crop production for the purpose of knowing and identifying the best spatial fit places using spatial analysis tools for the data in Arc GIS V10.8.2 to be of sure benefit as it carries new information extracted or extracted from the spatial analysis. And then the process of matching between the agricultural crop maps with the spatial fit map that was produced. The study showed a close relationship between the natural factors in the study area and the amount of crops planted for the previously mentioned year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to identify the behavior of the respondents towards improving and maintaining agricultural lands by identifying the degree of knowledge, implementation and attitudes of the respondents towards the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands and the research included six processes of adding agricultural gypsum, surface plowing, plowing under the soil, precise leveling by laser, disinfection of field irrigators,And clearing and smoothing field drains. The data were collected during the months of July and August 2022 AD By using the personal interview questionnaire form The field research was conducted on a sample of farmers, amounting to 224 respondents who were chosen by the simple random method, at a rate of 10% of the community. To display the results, the frequency tables and percentages were used, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used to analyze them, and the simple correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between the behavior of the respondents and the studied independent variables., Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the percentage of the contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variabl. The most important results were: •The behavior of the respondents in relation to the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands was average. •The respondents' knowledge of the total practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands was average. •The respondents' implementation of the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands was low. •The attitude of the respondents towards the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands is neutral. •Seven of the independent variables combined explain 61% of the total variance that explains the total degrees of the behavior of the surveyed farmers related to the practices of improving and maintaining agricultural lands. For the soil in the region, high prices of agricultural gypsum, lack of availability of agricultural gypsum, high costs of accurate leveling of agricultural land with laser, high costs of plowing under the soil, high costs of disinfection operations for canals and drains, and lack of accurate laser leveling machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athar alrafedain is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Random housing is one of the problems that most countries of the world suffer from, through encroachment on state lands and agricultural and abandoned lands within the city and its outskirts. The poor security conditions witnessed by the country prompted the population to move to other areas, which led to an increase in slums, and the left side of the city of Mosul is one of the cities where random housing appeared and spread in all its municipal sectors. In terms of the number of slums and the distribution of slums in them and clarifying their locations through the field study for the year 2022, and the study of urban characteristics that reflect the nature of the urban reality of housing in slums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iraq owns agricultural resources, such as agricultural land, water, and manpower. The research aims to reveal Iraq's ability to secure the food needs of its population by exploiting this agricultural potential and reviews the obstacles that hinder agricultural development in the country. The research reached a number of conclusions, including Iraq's agricultural resources are insufficient to meet the food needs of the population in light of the prevailing productivity. The research also put forward a number of recommendations, including setting a comprehensive agricultural map for all regions of Iraq, for what should be produced, according to the available land and water, and the relative importance of each product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to measure the superior efficiency of protected farms in Anbar province using data envelope analysis. (Data Envelopment Analysises)), specifically the (Super efficiency SBM) model for a sample consisting of 100 farms for the year 2020 for the autumn season, as well as an explanation of the internal reasons behind achieving high levels of efficiency, as a detailed analysis of the indicators of the statistical questionnaire collected from 100 farms was done. An operating reserve in Anbar Governorate, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the low levels of efficiency for most of the protected farms due to the waste in the resources used for these farms. On the levels of efficiency and super efficiency, as the average efficiency and super efficiency reached (0.81 0.80), respectively, followed by the elimination of it, and the research reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: It is efficient for its products to compete with the protected farms in the neighboring countries, and the owners of protected farms in Anbar Governorate must reduce the waste that occurs in the exploitation of As long as their resources, especially the waste in fixed costs, a large part of which is due to the decrease in the number of houses in one farm, so an attempt should be made to increase the number of houses for farms in order to reach the optimal size of the farm and to reduce the average fixed costs to the leve Optimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reclamation of new hands has become one of the most important pillars of the Egyptian agricultural policy. The research aimed to identify the role of new lands production in archieving Egyptian food security. The area of reclaimed lands for encroachments on agricultural lands took a general increasing trend during the study period, with annual rates of increase the amounted tos 0180 %, 20.97%, 97.21% and 38.59% respectively, of the annual average for each it was found that more than 70% of the average total area of reclaimed lanals in Eygpt was concentrated in only five Governorates: Beheira, Matrout, Aswan, Port Said and New Valley. The Feddan productivity of fruit crops and most of the vegetable crops, fodder crops and vafa beans planted in the new lands outperformed their conunster parts in the old lands. The cereak group ranked first in the crop composition in the new lands in Faupt during the period (2017/2018-2019/2020) with an average of 27,9%. The crops of Barley, Peanuts Tomatoesc, Sesamerbeetsuger, Potatoes, Cane, Suger, Farabeans (wheata maizerrice, and cottonseedoil planted in the new lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food security is one of the topics worthy of attention in Jordan, in light of the continuous increase in the population numbers and the significant decline in agricultural land areas. The study aimed to identify the trends of change in land area planted with Wheat and barley in Jordan in astray of the population growth, and determine the size of the change in the production and the consumption of it in Jordan and how it relates with the population growth. The study used a descriptive research method, to achieve its objectives; data were collected from various sources, such as scientific books, journals, internet and the official statistical reports. The study found that the trend of the change in land planted with Wheat in the area of Jordan is a decline in astray of the population growth, as well as the general trend of the Wheat and barley production tends to decline or decline during the period studied in astray of the population growth, The study also found that trend of the change in the Wheat and barley consumption in Jordan is moving towards to increasing or rising in astray of high population growth. The study recommended adjusting the rates of the population growth in order to reduce the population increasing and urban sprawl toward farmland, and the reduction of the labor migration from the countryside to the cities, as well as the use of the modern technological methods in growing grain so as to increase the volume of production by raising the productivity rate per acre to compensate for the decline in the size of cultivated areas, The study also recommended to adjust the Wheat and barley consumption pattern of the population to reduce the high rates of consumption, by following the appropriate government and private policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to model and predict temporal and spatial patterns of land-use change in the Zayandehrud basin. In this research, the CA-Markov prediction model was used to simulate and predict land-use change. First, the land-use changes from 1996 to 2018 were studied and then the future changes for 2030 and 2050 were simulated. Afterward, the future land-use scenarios were designed. The model was validated by comparing the simulated map of 2018 with the real map, and the kappa coefficient of 94 % was utilized to evaluate the model. Based on the results, eht Built-up land-use was altered from 13016 hectares in 1996 to 154194 hectares in 2050. This outcome necessitates the management of the future development of the city. Furthermore, the amount of agricultural land was varied from 177067 hectares in 1996 to 40,000 hectares in 2050. Among all the changes, agricultural lands attracted the most attention and concerns. The results indicated the land use changes in the form of urban areas and reducing area of agricultural lands. Such alterations were taken place in two distinct stages: urban lands have been developing since 2013, with a direct impact on the reduction of vegetation due to the conversion of agricultural lands into other land-uses. The dynamic trend of changes has also been confirmed and intensified since 1996. In 2018, a significant area of agricultural lands was converted into urban and industrial areas. In addition, the agricultural and orchard lands were 74057 hectares in 2018 and can be reduced to 40,000 hectares by 2050. It revealed 34057 hectares lost as compared to the agricultural and orchard lands in 2018. The present study depicts that the expansion of urban and industrial activities and reducing the level of agricultural land in the region requires more attention and care in land management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing habitat changes is an important step in the spatial prioritization of management efforts, aimed at reducing conflicts. We assessed landuse/cover change in areas with high risk of human-bear conflict in Fars province. In the first step, we predicted the conflict hotspots, using bear damage incidents, a suit of predictors, and the Ensembles of Small Models (ESMs) approach. In the second step, we assessed the trend of landuse/cove changes in a 30-years period in the areas with medium to high risk of conflict, using remote sensing techniques. Results of conflict risk modeling showed that proportion of suitable habitats, distance to village, density of forest patches, and corridor bottlenecks were the main predictors, contributing to bear damaging risk. A total of 3.75 and 6.91% of the landscape were identified as the areas with high and medium risk, respectively. Assessment of landuse/cove changes showed that in a period of 30 years, the extent of croplands and orchards has increased from 12,167 to 52,662 hectares. Such a substanitial landuse/cover changes can increase the risk of bear damages. The obtained results emphasize that inter-organizational planning is an emergency effort in mitigating human-bear conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University Humanity Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athar alrafedain is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Journal for Human & Social Studies is the property of Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)