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In order to screening 21 genotypes of wheat introduced by Ministry of Science and Technology and suitable to arid and semi-arid regions in addition to three registered cultivars (IRAQ, Al Diyar and Al Mahmodia). The experiment conducted according to RCBD with three replications for each genotype. The results showed that there are new promising genotypes for plant breeding programs from the introduced genotypes and planted in the second season in row in the western region of Iraq. In addition to the possibility of registering some of them after confirming their productivity for next seasons under such conditions. The genotypes varied in their content of antioxidant enzymes, the cultivar IRAQ was superior over all genotypes especially when it gave highest activity of CAT, SOD and AO (40.18, 205.03 and 56.62 U g-1 FW min-1 respectively) followed by genotype 39. While the other genotypes showed low activity of the antioxidant enzymes and this confirms the fact that genotypes also might be varied in their chemical composition and metabolisms. The genotype 4 was superior in fertility ratio (3.09%) compared to genotype 11 that gave lowest ratio while in 1000 grain weight it was observed that genotype 18 gave highest average over other genotypes (59.47 g) and genotype 31 gave the highest average of yield in hectare. According to the genotypes that can be nominated to be used in further breeding programs are 4, IRAQ, 9, 25, 29, 30 and 39.

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A field experiment was carried out in the western parts of Iraq aimed to screen 21 wheat genotypes introduced to arid and semi-arid areas by the Ministry of Science and technology beside 3 registered genotypes (IRAQ, Diar, and Mahmodiah) for comparison. A randomized completely block design was used to achieve this experiment with three replications for each genotype. The results of this study showed that recently introduced genotypes and planted for the second season sequentially in the western parts of Iraq of which promising genotypes to be nominated for other plant breeding programs beside they can be registered after planting them for other seasons to ensure their stability in terms of growth and production under such conditions. The seeds of genotypes varied in their content of Mo and N and this indicates their variation in growth and production as well as metabolism processes in the plant. Also, this was confirmed the variation in the activity of NR enzyme which in turn depends on Mo and assimilates N in the plant. It is worth mentioning that the activity of this enzyme was superior in genotype 29 which also was superior in yield (ton ha-1). Genotype 31 was superior by giving the highest average of yield over most introduced genotypes as well as registered ones. It can be recommended to use genotypes with high yields to be used in plant breeding programs.

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China is the most densely populated country in the world, but has relatively little fertile land and less stocks of uncontaminated water. Therefore, maintaining the quality of its agricultural land is crucial if China wants to feed its large and growing population, yet China is one of the countries with the largest area of contaminated soil. The main reason for pollution of agricultural activities is coming from excessive quantities of pesticides and fertilizers used in agricultural land and is mainly located in the South where most food is produced and the pollution from industrial activities is due to industrial pollutants (gases) in air which located mainly in the West of the country where most of the industrial activities are carried out. Urban pollution is mainly due to the very large amount of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes generated in a small area with inadequate treatment facilities and vehicle exhaust fumes located around the largest cities or roads. The result is that one fifth of China's agricultural land is polluted and that the size of Taiwan is so polluted that agriculture should not be allowed at all. The pollution of agricultural soil is defined as "the corruption that affects the agricultural soil, which changes its characteristics and its natural, chemical or biological properties, such that it directly or indirectly affects the all living above its surface, i.e., (human, animal and plant). Pollution depends on the type of pollution, soil characteristics, climate conditions and natural factors and it may be immediately as earthquakes and volcanoes or gradually such as excessive use of pesticides, use of mineral fertilizers and reuse of wastewater in irrigation. Soil plays an important role in the growth of plants and their lives and it is the basis for agricultural production and animal life and it contains many of microorganisms, worms and insects. The importance of soil lies in the fact that it is a breeding medium for plants in which roots grow and absorb its need of water and soluble salts. In the soil different environmental conditions of drought, humidity, ventilation, heat, salinity, etc. is also one of the main components of the basic natural element cycles because the soil components depend on the components of air and water and air component depends on the soil and water. Soil is one of the most complex natural systems because they make up a multiphase and heterogeneous special system are composed of solid, liquid and gas phases. Human has contributed to the pollution of the environment since ancient times and did not care about this problem at that time because of the simple population census, but with the increase in the population and the decline of land productivity due to soil pollution, which contributed to the low standard of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop .Dept., College of Agric/Univ.of Baghdad .It was included five Inbreds {ZM34(ZE),ZM60,ZM19,ZM49W3E and CDN5}.That were given number (1,2,3,4,5) .Inbreds were tested for general and specific combining ability by using full dialle. Inbreds were planted in spring 2013 and at anthesis crossing between inbreds all possibilities were carried out In fall season of 2013, varietal trail for crosses and parents were conducted using RCBD with four replications to evaluate crosses and parents and estimate some genetic parameters. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences for all traits, plant high, leaves no. leaf area index, ear length, no.of row/ear,no.of grain/row,ears weight and grain yield /plant .The genetic analysis show that inbred 3 was superior and gave high grain yield 100.66 gm because it gave high ears weight 170.25 gm, no.of grain /row 32.88grain and ear length 15.40, also it had positive GCA .The cross(1×4) was superior and gave high grain yield 124.57gm because it gave high ears weight 168.82,no.of grain /row 34.60 grain, no.of rows/ear 15.40 and ear length 16.10cm.also it had positive hybrid vigor 163% .The reciprocal cross 4×3 was superior and gave highest yield 155.05 gm because it gave high ear weight 180.18, no.of grain /row 40.25 grain, no.of rows/ear 15.25and ear length 18.95cm.also it had positive hybrid vigor for grain yield 54% and highest SCA 25.56 . The cytoplasmic inheritance was very clear for some crosses. The average degree of dominance more than one, it referes to non additive gene effect controlled in most traits . It was revealed that some of inbreds were superior in GCA and SCA;Therefor it can be used in hybrid or synthetic production .most of the traits controlled by dominance gene effects so we recommended using hybridization to improve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was estimation of variances, broad sense heritability genotypic and phenotypic correlation for some traits of maize under nitrogen abundance . the experiment was conducted at the farm of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci., College of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad during the Spring and fall seasons of 2012 under level 400 Kg N. ha rate-1 . Diallel cross was performed among four maize inbred lines (Zm7, Zm607, Oh40, Zr8) to produce six single crosses in spring season . The seeds of parents and crosses were sown in fall season using R.C.B.D. with three replicates. The results showed significant difference among genotypes and the values of the genotypic variance were more than environment variance in all studied characters. The values of phenotypic coefficients of variation larger than the genotypic and the higher rate of genotypic coefficient of variation for 300 grain weight 16.74, no. of grain per row 15.05 and leaves area 12.18. furthermore high estimates of broad sense heritability were observed for all characters and the highest value 81.45 for 300 weight grain and 75.31 for leaves area .The grain yield gave high significant negative genotypic and phenotypic with silking date and positive with plant height , leaves area , no. of grain per row , 300 grain weight. It was concluded that a breeder can use leaves area , no. of grain per row and grain weight as selection index in selection program of maize under high nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six inbred lines of maize(1) DP 198,(2) WA 245,(3) HK 258,(4) SA 266,(5)AH 401,(6) IK 58, obtain (45) double hybrids result from (15) single crosses. The seeds of Double hybrids were sown in experiments comparation using randomized completely block design (RCBD) in three replication in the field of Station Search - plant breeding improvement center during 2014 spring for estimation variances and gene action (additive - dominance -- epistasis ) for studied (number of days to silking and tasselling , plant height, ear diameter and length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, 300 - grain weight , yield per plant. depended comparation analysis variances double hybrids were differed significantly at 1% for all studied traits. appear result from comparation analysis variances double hybrids. presence effects additive gene and non additive gene for all traits. and additive gene variance high significant in traits number of days for silking and tasseling and dominance genetic variance was high for all traits studied. and appear effects epistasis (additive × additive) high significant for length ear and non significant for remnant traits. and effects epistasis (additive × dominance)high significant for trait number of days silking only.effects epistasis (dominance × dominance)high significant for all traits.was effects (additive× additive × additive) high significant for all traits but non significant for number days silking and tasseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]