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This paper presents basic neuropedagogical content knowledge )N-PCK( on the development of mathematical understanding in early childhood, in order to enable early childhood educators to understand neurological findings on mathematical development in the brain in an informed way and apply these findings to educational practice. The paper presents seven neuropedagogical principles surrounding mathematical development in early childhood, together with insights and practical examples that can be used to impact early childhood education. This review might also be used by teacher educators teaching courses on early numeracy, and as a basis for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies / Magallat Al-Dirasat Al-Tarbawiyyat Wa-Al-Bafsiyyat is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, there are many approaches for image transformations that are developed to cover the new technology in the huge amount of data treatment. In this paper, a study on Curvelet transformation coefficients was performed based on the aerial image to apply segmentation. This paper applies a lot of modifications on cut off frequencies on the filters, which is used to decompose the image on curvelet transformation. Two approaches are proposed and tested to look for the best segmentation result; the first one is based on designing filters manually, while the second evaluates the filter coefficients depending on the selected shape of the filters. The first technique gives acceptable segmentation and the second reaches the optimal result. One of the most important results is that the cut of frequency has a high effect on the segmentation; in addition, choosing filter parameters depended on the coefficients dimension of the curvelet transformation. Finally, the results show that the first approach underperformed the second one.

This paper provides an efficient algorithm to generate three dimensional objects from simple uncomplicated 2D environment, lead to reduce processor effort, limit of using complex mathematical operations. Most of the previous researches used the idea of ​​drawing by vanishing point to generate 3D objects from 2D environment, But the algorithm designed in this paper provides an idea of ​​how to draw three-dimensional shapes from two-dimensional drawings when applying Cohen Sutherland Line clipping algorithm, so that a basic two-dimensional shape is inserted from a set of points connected with each other must be within vision borders with a vanishing point outside of vision that is connected with all points of basic shape to consist a group of lines with partial intersections. So that any point has specific limited vision border which represents one of its coordinates of depth vertex, finally 3d object is generated when all clipping processes are completed to obtain other coordinates for all points.

Data transmission, security and authenticity, nowadays is considered the major source of problems. To face these problems a suitable solution have to be forwarded . Steganography is forwarded one of the solutions as a technique among many. This paper includes proposal for using a new technique called (Quick Respond Codes) QR Codes . QR Codes technique is mainly used to convert and store messages since it has higher and large storage capacity, in addition to that we used, in this paper , the STR (Short Tandem Repeats) DNA sequence. STR DNA is very important because each person has its own DNA which means that security and authentication ) reliable ( are very high. The proposed method is to convert the hidden data (STR DNA sequence) to QR code that mean the security is at maximum. Then, by using the MD5 (Message Digest 5) Algorithm, the result data is converted to QR code and the data within the data areas are stored in an unusually large format to make retrieval difficult. Finally, STR DNA sequences were applied in different lengths and converted to QR code. By this method , the QR code is applied in different applications and it was very fast (3-4 second). To apply this technique and to reduce the cost, we use a webcam to get back the private (confidential) data from the QR code. The data were retrieved completely without any error because QR code is reliable and authentic. From the above result we suggest to use QR Code for indentification of the of the individual (ID).

In this paper, we investigated a new improved Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithm of a Three-Term type (TTCG) based on Dai and Liao procedure to improve the CG algorithm of (Hamoda, Rivaie, and Mamat / HRM). The new CG-algorithm satisfies both the conjugacy condition and the sufficient descent condition. The step-size of this TTCG-algorithm would be computed by accelerating the Wolfe-Powell line search technique. The proposed new TTCG algorithms have demonstrated their global affinity in certain specific circumstances given in this paper.

In previous years, database applications were built in the form of a file system, but many disadvantages were found after that, such as: data replication , inconsistency while storing, difficulty in accessing data and need to write a new program to execute each new task in addition to isolating the data within multiple file formats ..... etc. All the above problems were solved by using database systems. This paper is an applied to demonstrate the effective role of the tax information system to establish and operate knowledge database as a knowledge management requirement by: the conceptualization of the income tax, knowledge management system and the development of the retirement information system. In this paper, the ACCESS database was created and linked with the Visual Basic language to calculate income tax of the employees. Where the information of employee is entered (such as the employee's name, number and social status as well as the nominal salary). The system has saved and modified information of employees , printing a report on one employee or more, as well as knowing the amount of tax that got from employees .

Information and communication technologies are witnessing tremendous developments in today's world. Which allowed many institutions and departments to adopt ICT in their administrative work. This research discusses the designing of an Electronic Archiving System Based on the Computer Network by using (Visual C #.NET) language and the development of a central database by using (SQL Server 2008). The Ninewa Health bureau has been chosen as a model for completion of the study. To address the problem of the traditional reality experienced by the institutions and departments of the state in Iraq, based on the limited use of information technology, while electronic archiving systems that have become the basic method in the institutions of developed countries. This system works on converting paper documents and attachments into an electronic format, and saving them in the database within indexed records according to the document number or book. The system also provides an integrated tool for the managing mail, and workflow, as well as the preparation of reports, and great flexibility in the management of system database (backup, update of administrative units as per the applicable structure of the bureau concerned), managing user accounts and granting them access permission. The study has showed that the electronic archiving system has a positive impact in the fields of administrative works, through facilitating the process of archiving and saving of documents and official correspondence book to provide office spaces consumed in the storage of paper files. As well as reduce the time and effort spent in the search for files. and the ease of exchanging documents through a local network by the adoption of the (client / server) model to connect the sections of the bureau with each other for integrated with the electronic archiving system. The study aims to strengthen the role of archiving to launch the e-government project by improving and simplifying official transactions procedures. Last but not least the research dealt with a theoretical framework on the archiving (concept, components, types), as well as the practical aspect of the analysis and design of the system and explain how it works. Finally, this research succeed in designing the system, and the system has been tested on real data represented by models of books and official documents in the bureau of Health Nineveh..

The process of improvement software quality began from early stages of software engineering development. It uses multiple quality metrics which are very important in software development. To calculate the standards quality of in software testing has been adopted. The software testing is focusing on the Software defect. In this paper is proposed new methods which combine the particle swarm optimization (PSO) to handle the best features Extraction with back-propagation networks to testing and evaluation of the data set . The paper depended database for NASA standards data. The result and experiment method improved quality performance for all classification methods used in the research"Combining Particle Swarm Optimization based Feature Selection and Bagging for Software Defect Prediction ".

Copyright of Hebron University Research Journal (Humanities) is the property of Hebron University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the fuzzy initial value problem and how to solve a linear fuzzy differential equation of first order when the initial condition is a triangle fuzzy number. This problem is then developed to the case when the initial condition is a trapezoidal fuzzy number. The paper includes also the issue of the representation of a system of linear fuzzy differential equations, a more general system of linear fuzzy differential equations is then proposed and the solution of this system is also given. An illustrative examples are given in order to consolidate the raised ideals.

In this paper an architecture has been proposed for the 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) based on the Convolution method of the Daubechies 5/3-tap Biorthogonal filter bank in the Algorithm transformto image processing, and implementation it on the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) using VHDL, for benefiting from implementation advantages of these Hardware and save run-time. The processing results proved speed and Efficiency of the proposed architecture, where the employed number of slices is less. So it result to Frequency higher and less run-time.The type of the FPGA based in this paper is Xilinx XC3S500E Spartan-3E using Xilinx ISE 9.2i.

In this paper many algorithmswereapplied to" zoom –out" the images, like the traditional algorithm (Linear Averaging) algorithm, then this algorithm was developed to a proposed algorithm (Block Averaging) to be the new one in this paper. another algorithm is obtained from another application which is involved as an enhancement smoothing algorithms and will be used as a (zooming-out) scheme, this algorithm is the (Median) algorithm. The obtained results of these algorithms were compared together to sign the better one. The MATLAB language is used to apply the algorithms. .

This paper proposes a new intelligent off-line Arabic handwritten signature identification and verification system based on texture analysis. The system uses the texture as feature and back propagation neural network as classifier. The signature image is preprocessed by several operations (Noise removal, Conversion of the signature image to binary image, Finding outer rectangle, Thinning and Size normalization) then the fractal number and co-occurrence matrix are computed to estimate texture features. In this work, two off-line Arabic handwritten signature identification systems are constructed. The first one uses the nearest Euclidean distance, while the other uses back propagation neural network. The paper analyzes and compares the results obtained from the two proposed systems to show the robustness level of the proposed intelligence system. Furthermore, the proposed system was tested by using Genuine signatures and has achieved a CCR (Correct Classification Rate) of 100% in best cases, while it was tested by using Forged signatures it has achieved a CRR approximated to 96.3% in best cases. The experimental results showed that the proposed system is efficient and competent with other state-of-the-art texture-based off-line signature identification systems.