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Cites newsworthy developments in Europe, as of April 4, 2000. Discovery of a case of mad-cow disease in the north of France; Decline in Stagecoach Holdings' share prices following the company's sale of its train-leasing operation.

The article discusses insights into treating Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Lou Gehrig's disease that are emerging from research into mad-cow disease and its human version, Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Similarities exist in the deformation of the structure of certain proteins that is common to all of these. INSET: When Proteins Go Bad.

The article discusses the growing popularity among U.S. retailers of private standards for food safety similar to those adopted by some European firms in the wake of a 1997 outbreak of mad cow disease. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. has indicated it will require private certification for all meat, produce, and seafood that it buys.

The article focuses on a marketing campaign which the U.S. Meat Export Federation is using in Japan to get the Japanese to eat more U.S. beef. The Japaneses government banned U.S. beef in 2003 after an outbreak of mad cow disease, but the ban was lifted in June of 2007, and the federation, through the campaign which uses baseball legend Nolan Ryan, wants to get the Japanese back to eating U.S. beef instead of the beef of other countries including Australia.

This article reports on the concern that there is no U.S. national identification system for beef cattle, which is a market threatened by bovine spongiform encephalopathy, which is otherwise known as mad-cow disease. The United States Department of Agriculture expects to have a working identification system in effect in 2007. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association has begun its own development of an industry-run database for tracking animals.

Focuses on research into prion disease in the United States. Research conducted by Paul Brown, formerly of the National Institutes of Health, during the 1970s into prion diseases in animals; Statistics related to the amount of money spent on research into prion diseases, including mad cow, scapie in sheep, and the human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Amount of money spent on beef annually by consumers in the U.S.; Excerpts of a report issued by the Institute of Medicine, critical of the paucity of funding and research into prion diseases; Amount of money transferred by the U.S. government to the Agriculture Department so it can perform more tests; History of prion research.

Examines the testing methods in place in the United States to determine safety in the beef supply from mad-cow disease. Number of companies that have test kits that can determine whether a slaughtered cow carries bovine spongiform encephalopathy within four hours; Average cost per animal for the testing of each cow slaughtered, according to industry experts, indicating a profit can still be made off the beef from the that cow; Statistics related to the cost of testing U.S. cows under the standards currently in place in Europe; Comments from Scott McKinlay, president of InPro Biotechnology Inc., a maker of test-kits; Comments from Kazuki Ikeda, an official in Japan's Agriculture Ministry's Department of Meat and Poultry, regarding the safety of testing every cow as they do in Japan; Current guidelines in the U.S.

Reports the mad-cow scare in the United States send prices lower under intense trading on the commodities market. Number of time the Chicago Mercantile Exchange has expanded the daily limits on how far prices can drop since the discovery of a cow with bovine spongiform encephalopathy; Comments from Phil Stanley, an analyst and trader, regarding the activity on the floor of the commodities exchange; Negative impact of the BSE discovery on cattle prices and beef demand, which had been soaring in 2003; Comments from Lisa Howard, spokesperson for McDonald's Corp., regarding stable demand for food products from their fast-food restaurants; Concern about the reaction from other countries relative to demand for U.S. beef.

Focuses on the immediate future of advertising by the beef industry in light of the recent discovery of mad-cow disease in the United States. Comments from Boyd Hoback, chief executive of Good Times Burgers and Frozen Custard, whose company began an advertising campaign featuring the marketing claim that their beef was all-natural; Definition of the all-natural, according to the company; View of author that food companies don't market "safety" in the advertisements for fear it would raise more concerns than erase; View of Roger Viadero, a former U.S. Department of Agriculture Inspector, that beef purveyors should and will market the safety measures they take.

Assesses the safety beef consumption in the United States in light of the recent discovery of the first-ever case of mad-cow disease in America. Reaction of U.S. government officials, suggesting the beef from cows stricken with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) would be safe to consume; Comments from Stanley Prusiner, a researcher who won a Nobel Prize for his work on the malformed prion proteins linked to mad-cow and related ailments in other animals, regarding the veracity of statements made by government officials attesting to the safety of U.S. beef; Research indicating prion proteins found in other parts of laboratory animals' bodies that have been infected with mad-cow-like diseases.

Answers several questions related to mad-cow disease based on information the United States Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration. What is mad-cow disease; How people can get mad-cow disease; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Causes on mad-cow disease; Riskiest parts of the cattle to eat; Testing for mad-cow disease; Organic or grass-fed beef; Safety of meat already in consumers' homes.

Examines the consequences of the first United States case of mad-cow disease discovered at a meat plant in Moses Lake (Wash.). Screening measures in place designed to detect bovine spongiform encephalopathy; View of author that questions and concerns have been raised about the economic health of rural America and the safety of American beef; Comments from William D. Hueston, head of the Center for Animal Health and Food Safety at the University of Minnesota, regarding the probability that more than one cow has been exposed to mad-cow disease; Cost increase to the industry if it is forced to inspect every slaughtered cow; How the Holstein cow in Moses Lake was found to have mad-cow, suggesting the testing procedures are haphazard.

The article states that the value of U.S. cattle futures rebounded as of May 7, 2012, following an earlier decline on news of a case of mad-cow disease in California in April 2012 and negative publicity over a beef additive known as pink slime in March 2012.

The article discusses information released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) on April 26, 2012, stating that a cow found to have mad-cow disease came from a Tulare County, California, farm.

The article states that U.S. government officials declared that American beef was safe following an April 26, 2012, decision by the Indonesian government to suspend imports of U.S. beef in the wake of a reported case of mad cow disease in California in April 2012.

Corrections to several articles previously published in the newspaper on topics including India's credit rating, mad cow disease in the U.S., and Gardner-Webb University are presented.

The article states that U.S. cattle futures prices for April delivery rose five percent on April 25, 2012, following public assurances from the U.S. Department of Agriculture that no meat from a California dairy cow afflicted with mad cow disease had entered the U.S. food supply.

The article states that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) initiated a search for the offspring of a California dairy cow afflicted with mad cow disease as of April 25, 2012.

The article notes that just hours after commodities investor Jim Rogers told attendees at a conference that agriculture was a good long-term investment, prices of cattle futures in the U.S. fell following disclosure of a case of mad cow disease in a California cow.

The article discusses the April 2012 discovery by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) of mad-cow disease in the carcass of a dairy cow at a rendering plant in Hanford, California, with commentary presented on the USDA testing process and the potential impact on beef exports.

The article reports on the suspension of beef shipments from the Lexington, Nebraska plant of meatpacker Tyson Fresh Meats Inc. to Japan following the discovery of banned cattle parts in the shipments. According to the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, quarantine inspectors have identified bovine spinal columns, banned under a bilateral agreement, in one of the 732 boxes which came from the meatpacker. It recalls that U.S. beef shipments to Japan dropped following the emergence of mad-cow disease in the U.S. in 2003.

The article reports on the statement issued by Canadian Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz that Canada is seeking a deadline for ending the ban of South Korea on its beef. It recalls that Canadian beef has been banned by South Korea since 2002 when a case of mad-cow disease was discovered in a cattle herd in Canada. Ritz also adds that Canada wants to be able to sell its products on the same terms the U.S. received when South Korea opened to U.S. beef in 2008.

The article presents an update on the commodity markets as of June 2008. Crude oil futures came within a cent of $143 due to the weak performance of the U.S. dollar. A record in crude oil, worries about inflation and the weakness of dollar resulted in fund buying of gold. According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the case of mad cow disease came from a five-year-old Holstein cow from British Columbia.

The article reports on the promise by South Korean President Lee Myung-bak to speed up efforts to get his presidency back on track after reaching a modified deal with the U.S. on beef imports, an issue that raised protests. On June 20, 2008, the U.S. agreed to indefinitely permit South Korea to import U.S. beef only from cattle younger than 30 months, which is deemed to pose less risk of mad-cow disease. The protests against the original trade deal started over health concerns, but opposition politicians widened them into his policy agenda.

The article reports on the first news conference of South Korean President Lee Myung-bak since a beef-trade deal with the U.S. turned into a political crisis in the country. The president expresses his commitment to diversify his administration and change some policy goals as a result of the protests over the beef deal. Lee told U.S. President George W. Bush that Seoul needs to limit imports to beef that are younger than 30 months due to lingering concerns about mad-cow disease.

The article reports on the impact of the decision of South Korea to honor only part of a pledge to resume beef imports from the U.S. on the latter's trade policy in June 2008. Thousands of protesters held demonstrations to oppose the resumption of trade on June 8. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak stated that his country could start importing beef that does not come from older cattle, which are considered more susceptible to bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad-cow disease. People who eat contaminated beef can contract Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

The article reports on protests staged by South Koreans against the restarting of U.S. beef imports in 2008. The demonstrations stemmed from food-safety concerns arising from a report that mad-cow disease may still be present in the U.S. According to Kang Jae-sup, chairman of the ruling Grand National Party, the issue could affect Korea-U.S. relationships. Also mentioned are the implications of the cancellation of the beef-import deal for the U.S.

The article reports that South Korean President Lee Myung-bak postponed the restart of U.S. beef importation due to large protests organized by non-government organizations. Importation is set to restart by May 29, 2008 but according to the agriculture ministry, it will be postponed indefinitely. U.S. beef companies promised to put labels on beef shipped to Korea to indicate how old the cattle was at the time of slaughter because younger cattle are said to be at low risk in getting the mad-cow disease.

The article reports on the decision of South Korea to lift its ban on U.S. beef imports. The government expects that the move will increase demand from South Korean consumers and reduce prices. But major retailers are reluctant to sell U.S. beef imports due to the protests made activists, students and farmers. The ban was first imposed in 2003 after a case of mad-cow disease was reported in Washington, and led to the decline of beef consumption.

The article focuses on a new regulation that will place new restrictions on livestock feeds to introduced by the U.S. of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2008. According to a pre-publish copy of the document, the main objective of the measure is to reduce the risk of transmitting bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad-cow disease. The rule is also expected to help encourage foreign countries to lift import restrictions on U.S. beef. The FDA said compliance with the rule could cost the industry about $100 million for the first year.

The article reports that South Korea has suspended beef imported from the U.S. after inspectors found bone pieces banned over mad-cow concerns in a recent shipment. The country's Ministry of Agriculture said vertebrae were found in one box of meat, which believed at risk of carrying mad-cow disease.

This article presents world news briefs. The administration of U.S. President George W. Bush will fight a ruling that allows meat packers to test their animals for mad-cow disease. A deal was made between the Italian government and labor unions to renew public employees' contracts with wage increases that will be retroactive by February 2008. A 2009 deadline was set to complete negotiations on an international climate-change pact that will limit greenhouse gases.

The article reports on the efforts of the U.S. government to end U.S. beef-trade barriers. According to Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns, the government is strengthening pressure on Japan and South Korea to lift restrictions on U.S. beef. Since December 2003, it has been convincing importers about the safety of U.S. beef, after the case of mad cow disease was first discovered. Philip Seng of Meat Export Federation said that the beef exports to South Korea may rise back in 2010.

The article offers news briefs on politics and economics. An appeal has been made by the U.S. and Canada for their trading partners to drop trade barriers following the release of a mad-cow disease risk review by the World Organization for Animal Health. California officials called for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to allow the state to set emission standards. There has been an increase in investor and business confidence in Germany in May 2007.

The article reports on the confirmation of a third case of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease also known as the human form of mad cow disease in a Saudi Arabian-born U.S. citizen.

The article reports that the Canadian Food Inspection has launched an investigation into enforcement of its feed restrictions, after a case of mad cow was reported.

The article reports on the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Canada.

The article reports that a growing number of mad-cow disease cases in Canada have halted U.S. plans for an increase in Canadian beef and cattle imports, according to the Agriculture Department.

The article reports on the decision of the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush to revamp its surveillance program for the mad-cow disease.

This article reports on the detection of a possible case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Canada.

Reports on the confirmation by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency that final test results showed bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad-cow disease in a cow from the province of Manitoba.

Reports on the call by government regulators for a national livestock identification program after closing a mad-cow disease case in Alabama without learning the animal's origins.

Reports on the reputation earned by Phyllis Fong, inspector general of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, when she ordered a retest of a Texas cow-brain sample that led to the discovery of the second case of mad-cow disease in the U.S. in 2005.

Reports on the suspected case of mad-cow disease identified by Canadian authorities in a British Columbia dairy cow born after cattle-feed restrictions were imposed in a measure for controlling the spread of the disease.

Reports on the mixed status of the live-cattle futures prices despite reports of mad-cow disease as of March 14, 2006.

Reports that a beef cow in Alabama had been officially diagnosed with mad cow disease.

Reports on the investigation being conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture on a case of mad-cow disease in the country in March 2006.

This article presents information about a plan to track cows, bisons, and other livestock by tagging each animal with a bar code in the ear or radio-frequency chip imbedded under the skin. The tracking devices would make it possible to track each animal and would make it easier for animal health officials to track an outbreak of disease such as mad cow disease. The U.S. lags behind Canada and Europe in tracking livestock.

This article reports on the concerns raised by government investigators about the surveillance program of the George W. Bush administration for mad cow disease as of February 2006.

This article reports on a possible case of home-grown mad-cow disease, discovered in Calgary, Alberta, including its effect on the imports of Canadian beef and live cattle to the U.S.