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This paper discusses the results of a study conducted on a group of undergraduates at the Arab International University. The study has assessed the students' research skills via a qualitative analysis of their earlier research papers submissions and a questionnaire that determined the weaknesses and difficulties they face while writing a paper. Results showed that undergraduates find it most difficult to use and understand English references, paraphrase paragraphs and use in-text citations. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results, the researcher devised a new course that aimed to enhance students' practice of the main research skills. This course was based on developing student's information literacy and assigning multiple focused tasks to practice the main research skills. The post course evaluation of students' achievement showed a notable improvement in their research practices that aided the production of above average quality English research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MA theses are the most important and the last step for them to attain their degree; however, their graduation dissertations must get the approval from the outside expert reviewers. Based on the analysis of 64 outside expert reviewers' reactions to the MA theses of students majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics, this paper is designed to classify the expert reviewers' comments and find out the core factors that expert reviewers mostly pay attention to. Through the classifications and analysis of all the remarks, it can be seen that research background, language and research methodology are the frequently assessed part. At the end of the paper, the author gives some suggestions for both graduate students and tutors on how to efficiently avoid the common problems in the writing of the MA theses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates students' perceptions of whether English or the indigenous language (Arabic) should be used as a medium of instruction in English learning centers at the preintermediate level. This argument which is of both sides (Arabic or English should be used as a medium of instruction) has been investigated through students' responses. While there has been a great deal of research into students' perception of EMI in education, this study offers deeper explanations, from a psychological perspective, of why students prefer EMI despite the difficulty, which would negatively affect their attitudes toward English. In this study, the researcher employed a questionnaire survey to elicit some data from the participants studying in the EFL centers to present substantial evidence, represented by this study's findings, consulted, and supported by psychology-based explanations. Among the main findings is that although the participants of this study hold positive attitudes toward their native language (Arabic), they prefer to use English to Arabic as a medium of instruction. This study also found that awareness associated with business plays a key role in this preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a panchronic perspective to show that the evolution of a linguistic concept in a worldview embraces this concept's diachronic depth and this concept's diachronic variation. The diachronic depth of a concept is an archaic image (modal mental representation) that was prerequisite for this concept (amodal mental representation) to emerge; this image had formed perceptually in the human mind, through the direct visual experience humans had in perceiving the world, which accounts for this concept's embodiment. Mental image at this concept's diachronic depth and embodiment of this concept are the two facts that this paper assumes one can see when viewing this concept panchronically. This paper treats panchrony as the combination of diachrony of language with universal processes of human cognition, and suggests that the panchronic mechanism behind linguistic semiosis is the modal-to-amodal conversion that takes place in the human mind and has the inner form of the word as its panchronic product and the image-driven interpretation of the word as its emergent product. This mechanism operates at each stage in language evolution, determines the genesis of the word as that of a sign-symbol, and is universal for the speakers of language by virtue of their embodiment. This paper's theoretical commitments find application in the case of SIN in the English worldview: archaic image at SIN's diachronic depth is reconstructed using methodologies of etymological research, as the inner form of the word sin in English; SIN's content in diachronic variation is reconstructed using methodologies of cognitive linguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how teachers discursively construct the identity of a storyteller when posting Status updates on Facebook Timelines. Data were generated using participant observation where 29 Timelines belonging to Malaysian secondary school English language teachers were observed throughout a six-month period. A total of 178 teaching-related Status updates were recorded and then analyzed using a discursive analytical approach combining 'broad discourse analysis' and Edwards and Potter's (1992) discursive psychology. The analysis shows that most of the Status updates fit the structure of a narrative genre and the teachers use various storytelling and discursive psychology strategies to engage readers. This paper argues that teachers' Status updates are more than just an account of mundane teaching-related experiences but serve as a mechanism for them to construct desirable identities. Index Terms--English language teacher, Facebook, identity, storyteller, discursive psychologyThis paper explores how teachers discursively construct the identity of a storyteller when posting Status updates on Facebook Timelines. Data were generated using participant observation where 29 Timelines belonging to Malaysian secondary school English language teachers were observed throughout a six-month period. A total of 178 teaching-related Status updates were recorded and then analyzed using a discursive analytical approach combining 'broad discourse analysis' and Edwards and Potter's (1992) discursive psychology. The analysis shows that most of the Status updates fit the structure of a narrative genre and the teachers use various storytelling and discursive psychology strategies to engage readers. This paper argues that teachers' Status updates are more than just an account of mundane teaching-related experiences but serve as a mechanism for them to construct desirable identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the morphosyntax of sentential negation in Hail Arabic, a previously unexplored topic. It demonstrates the use of three negators (maa, laa, and maa-pronoun) and their sensitivity to predicate type. It shows that maa and laa are used in verbal sentences, whereas the inflected negation marker maa-pronoun only occurs in verbless sentences. The study argues for a Low-Neg analysis, positioning NegP below the tense node, and utilizes the Minimalist Program to explain the observed patterns. The findings reveal that adjacency is required for verbal negation but not for verbless negation and that the inflected negator maapronoun agrees in number, gender, and person with the subject. Additionally, the paper utilizes the Split CP Hypothesis to explore the occurrence of maa in both SVO and VSO constructions and the contrastive focus reading associated with the Neg-TP pattern. It proposes, based on the syntactic and semantic properties of the clause-initial negation particles, that the negator dominating the subject (i.e., TP) is a focus negation particle heading the Focus Phrase in the CP area. It concludes that the position of NegP in the clausal hierarchy is not only syntactically conditioned but also semantically/pragmatically driven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper is a critical cognitive corpus-based analysis of Aljazeera Arabic news reports that have utilized the Qur'anic scripture in an implicit way to report on political events that took place in Egypt in 2011. While it is well-known in academic research that intertextuality can be determined by metaphors in media discourse (Semino, 2008; Otaif, 2015), the current paper found that intertextuality can also constitute a main discourse metaphor that serves as an effective discursive tool to influence or manufacture the public ideological stance and consent to social events. The findings raise ethical concerns over the use of the Qur'anic scripture in political news discourse and call for further critical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to present a minimalist feature-based analysis that captures the verbal agreement triggered by female referent profession-denoting nouns in Modern Standard Arabic. In this language, nouns are classified as masculine or feminine based on the natural gender of their referents. Masculine nouns trigger masculine agreement on verbs, whereas feminine nouns trigger feminine agreement. However, some profession-denoting nouns are sometimes gender-neutralized; a masculine noun could be used when the natural gender of its referent is female. In this case, the masculine noun triggers feminine agreement on the verb. This unexpected type of agreement requires analysis under the latest assumptions of the Minimalist Program. The paper shows that the gender-neutralized nouns are initially selected from the numeration and introduced into the derivation with their gender feature specified as feminine. After their features are valued in narrow syntax, these nouns undergo a post-syntactic morphological operation that targets and deletes the feminine morphemes, leaving behind the masculine roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a task-based needs analysis of female English major seniors at a Saudi university to identify the academic tasks needed for their academic progress. The study utilized triangulated sources and methods, including the department's written materials; semi-structured interviews with instructors and students; and questionnaires. Academic tasks were found to be essential for academic progress, providing insights that could be overlooked without such analysis. The interviews revealed that students' proficiency levels ranged from low to average and that course content was not adapted to support below-average students. According to the questionnaire, the most essential skills for students' academic progression were effectively using the university's Learning Management System, time management, and delivering presentations. Listening to teachers as well as writing coherent and cohesive paragraphs were also important, whereas critical thinking and writing research papers were the most difficult tasks. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of adapting course content and pedagogical strategies to accommodate diverse student proficiency levels, thereby enhancing academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The call for the intellectualisation of African languages has become a topical agenda towards their use as languages of teaching and learning in institutions of higher learning in Africa. In their enunciation of language policies, South African universities are guided by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET)'s Language Policy Framework for Public Higher Education Institutions (LPFPHEI). The thrust of this paper is to interrogate how the language policy of one university in South Africa enables the intellectualisation of African languages. The study deploys Ruiz's notion of language as a resource to examine the potential embedded within the university's language policy to foster the intellectualisation of Sesotho and Setswana for use as LoTLs in a variety of disciplines. The university is one of the institutions of higher learning with the most recently revised language policy approved in 2022, hence its selection as the case study. The paper concludes that an enabling language policy that speaks to the linguistic realities, coupled with a variety of support structures within the university and also spelling out the implementation plan is what will result in the fruitful re-intellectualisation of African languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an autosegmental analysis of phonological alternations in Kabardian, an Abhkaz-Adyghean language1. It illustrates how several phonological re-write rules, postulated in Colarusso's (1992) phonological analysis of Kabardian which, in some cases, lacks adequate explanation, may be uniformly reinterpreted as instances of mapping between the segmental tier and the skeletal tier in an autosegmental approach. In doing so, this paper illustrates a case where the skeletal make-up of a language may be dominant over underlying segments and be crucial in determining the output forms of a language, a process which may be translated into high-ranking constraints under a constraint-based framework. This paper, therefore, provides a more economical and explanatorily adequate analysis of Kabardian phonological alternations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hmong, a Chinese ethnic minority, possess a rich cultural heritage. Due to their unique history of exile and migration, the Hmong have scant documentation of their vanishing cultural heritage. The Hmong oral epic constitutes a vital component of documenting Hmong culture. Thus, this paper delves into the translation of the Hmong Oral Epic 'Creating Heaven and Earth', focusing on folklore terms as fundamental units for analyzing Hmong culture. Eco-Translatology has the great importance in protecting the languages of Chinese ethnic minorities and enhancing the dissemination of their literature (Li, 2017). Hence, this paper examines the translation of Hmong folklore terms in the Hmong Oral Epic 'Creating Heaven and Earth' from the perspective of Eco-Translatology. The study reveals 53 translations of Hmong folklore terms, encompassing material, social, and spiritual aspects, within the Hmong oral epic 'Creating Heaven and Earth'. For Hmong material folklore terms, translators predominantly employ the 'target contextualization' strategy, along with 'extending substitution' and 'vitalization' methods. For Hmong social folklore terms, translators favor the 'source contextualization' strategy, supplemented by 'adaptive addition' and 'vitalization' methods. For Hmong spiritual folklore terms, translators predominantly utilize the 'source contextualization' strategy, in addition to 'extending substitution' and 'naturalization' methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consequence of the suffering endured by their country during the colonial era, South African “Born Free” authors have openly output and published their explicit writings as a socio-political critique of the brutal colonial practices. These dehumanizing, brutal actions have violently emerged along various social axes, including abusive gang-violations, slavery, starvation policies, apartheid, and education deprivation, to regard a few. In theory, these severely malicious practices controversially prone the victim, who has been affected by one of them, to trauma. But they are, as investigated by other researchers, not wholly but partly reflected in Kopano Matlwa’s Evening Primrose. The current article, purposely, endeavors to affirm the traumatic agonies from which the fiction’s central persona has been greatly suffered for a number of reasons, gang-rape being the foremost among them. To itemize trauma-agitational ordeals, the paper will referentially invoke Cathy Caruth’s certain correspondent elicitations concerned with trauma and its inveterate memories to draw on. Thus, in the analysis process, the paper will methodologically set out to centralize the scope of its framework on Sigmund Freud’s ‘denial’ and also Dominick LaCapra’s comprehensive views on ‘acting out,’ sticking to different works by these two theorists in addition to making a reference to Caruth’s contributive trauma explorations. This is to conclusively see whether the traumatized characters’ memories will continue to be flowed or coped with throughout the foregoing fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores voices from an Appraisal Theory perspective (Martin & White, 2005). It aims to investigate how novice English as a Foreign Language (EFL) research writers deploy Engagement resources to review existing literature in the field. The study is based on a corpus of literature reviews from 25 research articles written by Thai undergraduate students enrolled in a research report writing class. Findings show that the writers demonstrated a strong preference to engage readers in the writers' justification of knowledge. The results revealed that Entertain, Acknowledge, and Counter resources were most often used in the articles. By contrast, novice research writers, to some extent, convince readers of their perspectives by using bare assertions without reference to other voices. It may be assumed that second language (L2) novice research writers are aware of the need to engage with readers and to strategically construe dialogic divergences in their written works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the translation performance of German students at the University of Prishtina when translating literary texts from German into Albanian. The paper focuses on the question of whether errors occur during the translation process in the areas of grammar, orthography, semantics, and sentence structure, including possible interference errors between the two languages. These errors may arise due to uncertainties, carelessness, or the influence of other languages. The interference of German manifests itself primarily in the lexical level and sentence structure. If the languages have differences in sentence structure, this interference leads to grammatically incorrect sentences. An interference of Albanian is also noticeable, primarily on a pragmatic level, which is mainly determined by the cultural context. Errors are a characteristic feature of foreign language learners. They are a phenomenon that affects not only foreign language learners but also native speakers. This paper analyses and classifies the errors that German students at the University of Prishtina make when translating by applying the theoretical, analytical, and contrastive methods in the translation of literary texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to investigate pragmatic deviation from Grice’s (1975, 1989) cooperative principle and conversational maxims in the previous United States president, Donald Trump’s political interview with CNN News Channel. The paper follows a qualitative approach in gathering and examining the data. An oral document that was captured from YouTube is followed in the current paper as instrumentation. This document, which is chosen purposefully, is an interview that was broadcast on CNN News Channel between Trump and reporter Cooper in 2016 before the election which Trump won. A discourse analysis method is utilized to study the coded transcript. Findings show that Trump deviates from Grice’s cooperative principle and conversational maxims. Also, the researchers argue that the reasons behind such deviation are (1) hiding the truth that could damage Trump’s image before the audience, (2) trivializing other’s claims to make the audience feel that these claims are silly, (3) refusing to share his own plans with others, (4) withholding his opinion about the US allies so as to keep strong relationships with them, (5) influencing the audience’s thinking about him by distorting the facts, (6) showing himself as the best candidate and should be elected as the US president. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, fansub translation is compared with traditional paper-based translation. Their differences and similarities are summed up as well. Then there comes the most important part, in which fansub translation is connected to manipulation theory. The manipulation factors which influence the fansub translation and manipulation on fansub translation examples are also presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the themes of cultural preservation and integration in Leslie Marmon Silko's novel Ceremony, focusing on the character Tayo and his role in bridging the gap between Native American and modern American cultures. Historically, Native Americans have faced isolation, whether by choice or by force, leading to economic, social, and cultural challenges. Government policies such as the Dawes Act and efforts to assimilate Native Americans into modern American society through education and religious conversion have disrupted traditional ways of life and led to a legacy of mistrust and marginalization. Ceremony portrays a path forward, advocating for a balance between maintaining cultural integrity and embracing necessary changes for survival. The novel emphasizes the importance of cultural adaptation and integration, suggesting that Native Americans can thrive without losing their identities by engaging with the broader American society. Through Tayo's journey of healing and his interactions with the medicine man Betonie, Silko illustrates the potential for cultural hybridity to foster resilience and understanding. By presenting a nuanced vision of coexistence, Ceremony calls for mutual respect and collaboration between Native Americans and modern Americans. The novel encourages a reimagining of cultural identity that is inclusive and adaptable, ensuring that Native American traditions remain vibrant and relevant in a changing world. This paper argues that cultural survival depends not on isolation but on the ability to adapt and integrate, creating a future where multiple cultures can coexist and enrich each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the appearance of the metaphor 'POLITICS IS A BOXING MATCH' in online Vietnamese newspapers. Based on the linkages embedded in the experience and knowledge projected from the source domain to the target domain, the article clarifies the mapping mechanism between the spatial domains 'boxing' and 'politics' and explains the mechanism of moving and copying attributes between the two spatial domains 'source' and 'target' in the authors' linguistic thinking. Based on the partial projection principles of metaphors, this paper presents the hierarchical characteristics of the authors' conceptual thinking. From the basic metaphor 'POLITICS IS A BOXING MATCH', through the mapping structure, the paper proves that four derived metaphors in online Vietnamese newspapers relate to four prominent characteristics of the source domain: 'a blow', 'boxing tactics', 'the rules of boxing', and 'illegal blows'. The paper highlights the distinct way of thinking in conceptual structures on political issues based on the logical relationships in the mapping organization of conceptual metaphors. It also helps to clarify how Vietnamese media views politics, a topic that is intrinsic to the social superstructure and vital to the survival and advancement of a nation that is firmly devoted to socialism and is moving toward development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a quantitative study that focuses on the language education policy of distance learning classes with particular attention to the policies regarding the use of the first language in teaching the second language. Previous studies show that the viewpoint of teachers and students, who are involved in distance learning, towards policies of the English language departments of Saudi universities has not been explored before. The main objective of this paper is investigating teachers’ and students’ awareness of the English department’s policy regarding L1 in distance learning classes and the participants’ attitudes towards using L1 in the distance learning classes of L2. Teachers of English as a foreign language with various academic ranks and undergraduate students from different colleges took part in this study. The main research tool of this study is an online questionnaire. The same questionnaire was given to the two types of participants. Data analysis shows that the majority of the participants were not familiar with the policy of the English language department regarding the use of L1 in distance learning classes. Data analysis indicates that both teachers and students acknowledged that they use L1 in the distance learning classes. On the other hand, half of the teachers contended that L1 enhances students’ comprehension in the distance learning classes whereas the vast majority of the students supported this argument. Policy-makers in the English language department are invited to implement an “English-mainly” policy that perceives students as bilinguals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the representations of the white woman in cross-cultural marriage in Ahdaf Soueif's The Map of Love in a contemporary deconstructive theory. The paper applies Judith Butler's revolutionary theory of gender and identity constructivism and performativity to clarify how the protagonist fights the gender norms and performances by having masculinity codes as a revolting means for emancipation. The paper tends to explore how colonial hegemony can create a cultural distance which is forced against the white woman by this marriage. It investigates the sociopolitical spatial divisions through the eye of the white woman who struggles because she chooses an ethnic husband. The paper applies a feminist theoretical framework to describe the prejudice and bias that appear after this marriage. "The manly woman" is the white woman who wears masculine features to subvert and oppose the gender bias which applies to her femininity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postcolonial studies have dealt with the protest literature since they consider it as the voice of the oppressed people. In the same aspect, resistance literature begins in Palestine with Ghassan Kanafani and Mahmoud Darwish after 1948. Protest literature aims not only at freeing the oppressed from dominating powers and overturning the authority but also at liberating the humans from oppression. "The term resistance "Moqawamah" was first applied in a description of Palestinian Literature in 1966 by the Palestinian writer Ghassan Kanfani in his study "Resistance Literature in Occupied Palestine" (Harlow, 1987). Mahmoud Darwish has been involved in Palestine's political affairs throughout his entire life. In "I Come from There", Darwish tries to raise the voice of Palestinians; therefore, it can be heard all over the world. The theme of this poem assures his refusal to forget his country and unveils the struggle for a doomed homeland. By appropriating the descriptive and analytical method, along with the discourse analysis of Darwish's terms and phrases in the poem "I Come from There", this paper clarifies the symbolic meaning of the words to represent his sense of loss and sense of possession that he feels towards his land. Against this, the paper argues whether resistance protest literature succeeds in defending oppressed people and giving the subaltern their voices and whether literature helps the occupied people to get free and believe in non-violent resistance instead of violent resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to analysis the different parts of quantitative and qualitative research articles in the field of TEFL comparatively to present a convenient pattern for novice EFL students or researchers in a non-English context. Benefited from mix method, current study investigated the similarities and differences between the two genres-specific corpora. In order to induce accurate and creditable result, data-analyzing process was implemented through both computer-based programs and hand-tagged analysis. Fifty quantitative and qualitative TEFL research articles from high-ranking ELT journals were selected and then analyzed. Swales CARS model (2004) was considered as a framework of analysis. Moreover, interpreting of obtaining results from the vocabulary profile program, the readability statistics of two corpora, fulfilled through non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The conducted results according to significant level of x < 0.5 or x = 0.05 demonstrated that the differences between quantitative and qualitative research articles from lexiogrammatical and rhetorical features were insignificant. On the contrary, move-structure analyzing of both genre indicated that there are some variation between some exercise of move-step structure. These findings may provide confirmatory and useful evidences for academic researchers in the EFL context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space is man-made socially constructed locations, without which they cannot have a comfortable life. Reflecting on the life experiences of the people who exist in the margins of the society, autobiography appears to be the appropriate genre that reflects the lived experiences of the characters as they live through them. It reflects not only the author's personal experiences but also the people whom they meet in their lifeworld. In other words, it is a narration of both individual and collective lived experiences. Dalit writing in Indian literature has become the most controversial topic in recent times, taking autobiography as its predominant form of writing. This paper attempts to explore Baby Kamble's The Prisons We Broke as a self-reflexive narrative. The characters experience extreme humiliation in the public and private spheres of their lives. The purpose of the paper is to categorise their absolute humiliation experience using Van Manen's lifeworld existentialism and self-reflexivity as a theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interdisciplinary approach greatly enriches contemporary novels, allowing researchers to explore complex issues from a multiplicity of angles and perspectives. Communication and collaboration across different disciplines within novels, which some refer to as "consilience," have had a noticeable impact on these novels' literary elements and overall narrative. This paper will examine the impact of the interdisciplinary approach on themes, plot, and characterization on two selected contemporary novels: Zero K (2016) by Don DeLillo and The Road (2006) by Cormac McCarthy. It aims to provide a new reading of the two novels from an interdisciplinary perspective, demonstrating how a multidisciplinary approach reveals more meanings and aspects that cannot be revealed as effectively when examined from the viewpoint of a stand-alone discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Service awareness" refers to translators' clear understanding of who they are serving, how they are supposed to serve, and what they are serving for during the translation process. This paper, based on firsthand examples, examines Goldblatt's English translation and Martins' Portuguese translation of Mo Yan's masterpiece Fengru feitun [Big Breasts and Wide Hips] from the perspective of "service awareness in translation". The present paper finds that both the English translator and the Portuguese translator have good "service awareness" in their translations. Their "service awareness" is mainly reflected in the abridgments and rewritings of the source text at the structural, cultural, and lexical levels. These modifications have improved the readability of the translations. In other words, the translators have offered good "services" to their readers. This study analyzes the reasons behind the abridgements and rewrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translation of the Shandong dialect, specifically in the novel Red Sorghum authored by Mo Yan and translated by Howard Goldblatt, posed significant challenges to both translators and readers due to its local Chinese cultural richness. Previous researches mainly focused on its traditional translation strategies including foreignization and domestication. Exploration of the aesthetic value of dialect and its cultural representations in modern literature is a relatively new area of research yet to be developed. This paper revealed that translation operates in a complicated three-dimensional structure of translator (aesthetic subject), translated text (aesthetic object), and culture (social environment). In the process of translating dialect, the aesthetic experience and the Aesthetic Regulation Devices (ARD) adopted by the translator, as well as the beauty of characterization and symbolization come into play. Therefore, aesthetic values and cultural uniqueness are represented not only on the linguistic, but also on the spiritual level by contrasting the purity of the villagers in rural China and the brutality of the social turbulence that surrounds them. The paper demonstrated that dialect translation involves a multifaceted and dynamic equivalence between source and target language. The research findings indicated that translation techniques of domestication and foreignization are utilized significantly more often (82%) than the strategy of ARD (18%) during the translation process. This imbalance in strategy usage may result in a deficient representation of aesthetic and cultural values. The significance of this study lies mainly in its intention to reconstruct a more effective theoretical paradigm for dialectal translation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of Chetan Bhagat's prominent novels through the lens of literary analysis, focusing on the intricate interplay of language dynamics within his narrative framework. Drawing upon a variety of theoretical frameworks and methodologies, particularly those rooted in linguistic analysis, the study seeks to decode the nuanced linguistic elements embedded within Bhagat's select literary works. Through a meticulous exploration of themes, character interactions, and narrative structures, this analysis endeavors to unravel the deeper implications of linguistic choices and their impact on the overall reading experience. By shedding light on the linguistic dynamics at play, this study contributes to a richer understanding of Bhagat's novels and their significance within contemporary literary discourse. Furthermore, this study endeavors to explore the intersection of language and society in Bhagat's works, examining how linguistic representations mirror and influence cultural norms, values, and identities. Through an interdisciplinary lens, we draw upon insights from sociolinguistics, cultural studies, and literary theory to elucidate the ways in which language operates as a vehicle for social commentary and critique within Bhagat's fictional universe. Ultimately, this paper seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of Chetan Bhagat's literary oeuvre by foregrounding the significance of linguistic dynamics in shaping the reading experience. By unraveling the complexities of language within his narratives, we aim to illuminate the enduring appeal and cultural relevance of Bhagat's novels within the landscape of contemporary Indian literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on ‘Activity Based Learning’ (ABL) that helps students acquire the interview skills at graduation level. The main aim of this quantitative study was to see how Activity Based Learning (ABL) helped low and high achievers in Bachelors of Technology (B. Tech.) course to improve their interview skills. For the research, 40 students were chosen at random from III B. Tech. classes and were divided into experimental and control groups (20 students + 20 students). To measure the extent of interview performance among the participants an achievement test was devised and was given twice, once as a pre-test and once as a post-test. Primarily, the pre-test was used to show that with respect to pervious knowledge of interview skills, both the groups were similar. Later, Activity Based Language Teaching method of instruction to the experimental group and traditional language teaching method of instruction to the controlled group were adopted. The post-test was given at the conclusion to assess the students’ progress. The researchers employed the independent sample t-test to see if mean scores’ difference between the groups was significant at the 0.05 level. In the post test, the experimental group outscored the control group demonstrating that ABL is an effective approach in improving students’ interview skills. The results suggest that the ABL method significantly develops and improves the interview skills of students when used in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognate object constructions (COCs) are known for their idiosyncratic properties in that they consist of an intransitive verb that takes an NP whose head is a verbal noun that is semantically and morphologically cognate to the verb. In Arabic literature, this topic is considered one of the understudied linguistic phenomena. Therefore, this paper attempts to contribute to the ongoing linguistic research by exploring COCs in one of the Arabic varieties, namely Najdi Arabic (NA). This paper illustrates the main properties that are shared by all COCs in NA. It also provides a theory-neutral description of the syntacticosemantic properties of one of the COC types, namely the particular event COC. In addition, it offers an analysis of the common core properties of all COCs and the syntactico-semantic properties of particular event COCs using the approach of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With regard to the role of discourse markers as key elements in creating any coherent and natural piece of languages, the present study aimed at investigating the implementation of English discourse makers in academic papers written by Persian and English dentistry researchers. To this end, 20 papers by Persian authors and 20 by English-speaking authors were selected and analyzed line by line. The findings revealed that discourse markers were more frequent in papers produced by English-speaking researchers. However, the papers in both groups contained almost an equal range of discourse markers. In addition, distribution of discourse markers among different sections of papers and under different sub-classes of discourse markers was almost similar in the two groups. Despite similarities in the implementation of discourse markers between papers produced by Persian and English researchers, the papers written by Persian authors still lacked coherence; this could be attributed to the underuse and misuse of discourse markers in these papers and the fact that discourse markers are not the only elements that make a text coherent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widely renowned and exhaustively researched Kashmiri-American diasporic poet, Agha Shahid Ali, has received acclaim for his portrayal of themes such as loss, longing for the homeland, nostalgia, hyphenated identity, hybridity, and dislocation, among others. However, within the purview of new historicism, this paper intends to examine the interplay of literature, culture, and history. Using Clifford Geertz's framework of "thick description," the paper analyzes Agha's poetry as a cultural artifact with ethnographic value. Through a semiotic analysis of select poems based on Bakhtin's notion of chronotopes, the paper aims to unravel themes of fragmented identity, cultural memorialization, and the preservation of imaginary homelands. The paper also attempts to explore that Agha Shahid Ali, actively engaged with the socio-political turmoil in his homeland. He sought to reconcile the tensions between different traditions and religious communities, envisioning a personal utopia rooted in his privileged position. His poetry reflects his historical context, facilitating a symbolic exchange between the fragments of Kashmiri culture. Through intertextual references, religious symbols, and social emblems, Ali constructs a significant and experimental narrative about Kashmir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Causal-chain windowing is a kind of cognitive process of having the sense of causality in mind, and the cause and result are windowed and attract the attention. Given the appropriate context, the reader can infer the remainder of the event, and different expressions of the same scene, windowed in several different ways, may result in different effects on readers’ mind. Therefore causal-chain windowing theory is useful for the teaching of writing, relating to not only static descriptions as expositional writing, but also dynamic ones as narrative writing, through proper application of the theory. Although many previous linguists and teachers have applied many other theories to the teaching of writing from several angles, few have applied causal-chain windowing theory to the teaching of writing. And the author aims to find a relatively new angle in the old topic – teaching of writing. This paper sets about from some key notions and introduces causal-chain windowing theory, and applies the latter in two aspects, windowing of attention and causal chain. The paper attempts to illustrate the advantages of applying causal-chain windowing theory to the teaching of writing with some examples and claims that causal-chain windowing theory gives clues to writing “different” articles. The aspect of windowing of attention directs students to change sentence patterns and paragraph constructions, and the other aspect, causal chain, leads them to use proper words to express right causal relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates reflexives in Najdi Arabic (NA). We start by examining how the encoding of reflexivity in NA can be attained lexically, morphologically, and syntactically. We also investigate the argument structure of reflexive constructions in NA in accordance with Reinhart and Siloni’s (2005) bundling approach. Finally, possessive reflexives and their cross-linguistic distribution with definiteness marking are examined, providing empirical coverage to this area in NA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to examine the translation of Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North in light of Narrative theory. In his work, Salih is writing back to the empire as a form of resistance against British Colonialism. The translation seems to tone this resistance down by constructing a narrative that underlines the superiority of the North over the South. The paper attempts to offer a fresh perspective as it explores how the South is reframed in the target text to be represented to the target audience. It also attempts to answer the question of how the East/South is narrated and whether it has been (dis)empowered in the novel’s translation. Given the importance of the text, It is essential to investigate how the novel has been introduced in the West using a strong and adaptable framework capable of capturing the complexities of the interactions among various powers involved. Narrative theory offers such a framework and is particularly suitable for the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a constraint-based analysis of the syllable structure of onset consonant sequences in Najdi Arabic, spoken in central Saudi Arabia. Unlike Classical or Standard Arabic, Najdi is believed to allow consonant clusters in the onset. The study tested two assumptions. The first is that Najdi onset clusters result from a vowel deletion process, leading to different kinds of clusters with distinct sonority hierarchies and that these form complex onsets. The second is that Najdi inputs are different from Classical or Standard Arabic, in which there is no vowel in the underlying representation and hence no deletion occurs, resulting in simplex onsets. The paper adopted optimality theory to analyze the data, considering a phenomenon that occurs in the speech of Najdi speakers. Following this framework, constraints were utilized to demonstrate the syllable structure of the onset clusters in Najdi according to the above assumptions. The results revealed consonant sequences rather than consonant clusters, meaning the consonants were not parsed in the same syllable, agreeing with previous acoustic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the times and new curriculum reform, there are high requirements for language teachers' professional quality and professional development. The paper discusses the current problems faced by language teachers in the background of college and university level in China today with some of the feasible strategies helpful to language teachers' sustainable professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in foreign language teaching is undergoing significant transformation, and as a result, there is a need to conduct research on Human-AI Interactive Negotiation Competence (HAINC) and interaction mindsets. This study conducted a survey at a Project 211 university in China to collect data on the HAINC and interaction mindsets of university English learners. The collected data were then quantitatively analyzed. The results revealed that the HAINC of university English learners is at an above-average level. Although learners have a relatively comprehensive understanding of AI, they lack the practical application skills necessary to reinforce theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, the study uncovered significant differences in interaction mindsets among learners with varying levels of HAINC, with only a small proportion possessing both high-level cognitive abilities and effective interaction strategies. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for foreign language teaching and expands the scope of research on HAINC, aiming to provide insights for the development of human-AI foreign language learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To properly translate rhetorical questions, the paper addresses how to preserve and analyze thematic structures in translations of religious texts. It mainly concentrates on how translators understand and communicate the interpersonal mood structures found in the Quranic Nuh stories in the Quranic translations by Abdullah Yusuf Ali and by Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Nuh's stories were chosen mainly because they provide a rich tapestry of divine pronouncements, pleas, and rhetorical inquiries and highlight how clear mood rules conversations, aiming at explaining the impact of translation choices on mood distribution and potential interpretive nuances. Employing the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) framework, the study analyzes the distribution of declarative, imperative, and interrogative moods within the Nuh stories across both translations. The analysis revealed a consistent dominance of the declarative mood across the two translations, reflecting the narrative's primary focus on conveying information and pronouncements. However, significant variations emerge in the usage of imperative and interrogative moods. The study identifies translator-specific tendencies, highlighting how confident choices amplify or subdue the urgency of commands or the intensity of rhetorical questions. Furthermore, the findings show that linguistic variations exist across languages regarding how declarative is constructed. Findings also articulated the diverse subtypes that help realize emerging declarations within different translation approaches. Moreover, Nuh's stories show high imperative usage by reflecting the guidance-oriented themes. Conversely, the blend of declarative, imperatives, and interrogatives at the particular stage of Nuh's spreading Allah's message hints at a dynamic interplay of information, instruction, and rhetorical questioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the concept of dream in the poetry of Langston Hughes and Mahmoud Darwish as a technique of resistant consciousness and emancipation. The intransigent, non-reconciliatory stance of both Darwish and Hughes against oppression profoundly preserves their dream of emancipation, making it alive even as an idea. The dream empowers the two poets' resilience, oppositional, and resistant consciousness against all forms of oppressive power. This article analyzes how both Darwish and Hughes can be viewed as non-reconciled poets in the name of humanist intransigence and refusal to surrender. The concept of dream is the ultimate way for the two poets, providing them with radical and oppositional resistance. Hence, the presence of the concept of dream and its prevalence in the two poets' thinking and poetic works encourage them to be always in a state of dynamic generative mobility of resistance, intransigence, and non-reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental illness is often misunderstood, misinterpreted, and misrepresented in the social-cultural context of society. Even with the development of psychology, there is still no widespread understanding of mental disorders and depression. Eating disorders, like anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, are psychological disorders where the victim never eats food or binge eats and purges after eating, respectively. Young men and women are influenced by body shaming in society. They lose their self-esteem because they do not have that picture-perfect body portrayed in the media and mainstream culture, they use binge eating, purging, and starvation in their struggle to attain a body that is accepted by mainstream culture. Some fall into unhealthy eating practices causing nutrition deficiency, anemia, and ulcers; thus, they ruin their overall health. Graphic narratives about psychological disorders like eating disorders provide a realistic picture of the suffering of the victim through words and imagery. This research paper analyzes the graphic novel Inside Out: Portrait of an Eating Disorder (2007) by Nadia Shivack, a memoir that elaborates on the author's struggle with an eating disorder. The subjective narrative of the eating disorder highlights the struggles of the patient as well as society's concern for those who overlook the disorders. Moreover, graphic narratives help victims of eating disorders pave the way for self-acceptance and creating a positive self-image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding common errors that students of a foreign language make and their causes can enhance our ability to adjust teaching methodologies. This paper aimed to analyze errors that Albanian students of German language and literature make when writing texts in German as a foreign language. This qualitative and quantitative analysis set out to identify and classify errors and find the causes of errors. The study is based on 100 students of German at the B1 level, including participants from language schools and first-year students from the German Department at the University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina". Students were required to submit written texts for analysis. The analysis of these texts was used to address the following research question: What are the typical and recurrent errors made by learners of German as a foreign language (GFL) and what are their causes? The analysis of written texts showed that errors occur at all linguistic levels, with grammatical errors being the most common, followed by orthography and punctuation and syntax. Most errors arose from interference between the native Albanian and the foreign language English, followed by competence and overgeneralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explored the interpersonal relationships between the characters Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara in the English novel Gone with the Wind and its Vietnamese translation, Cuốn theo chiếu gió. By comparing the English and Vietnamese versions of their interactions, this study aimed to highlight how cultural and linguistic differences influence the portrayal of relationships. A comparative discourse analysis approach was employed, focusing on key dialogues and interactions between Rhett and Scarlett in both the original English text and the Vietnamese translation. The analysis examined linguistic strategies, speech acts, and interpersonal dynamics through a detailed examination of language use, politeness strategies, and emotional expression to understand how these elements vary between the two languages and reflect cultural differences. The study revealed distinct variations in how the interpersonal dynamics between Rhett and Scarlett are articulated in English and Vietnamese. In English, the discourse often emphasizes directness and emotional intensity, reflecting Western norms of assertiveness and individualism. In contrast, the Vietnamese translation tends to highlight indirectness and subtlety, aligning with cultural norms of politeness and respect. These differences underscore the influence of cultural context on interpersonal communication and relationship portrayal. The findings suggest that while the core narrative remains consistent, the nuances of character interactions are significantly shaped by linguistic and cultural factors. This study underscores the importance of considering cultural context in discourse analysis and translation studies, revealing how language reflects and constructs social relationships. Future research could explore other cultural pairs to further understand these dynamics in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two main topics covered in this paper are the pedagogical principles of multiliteracy as the cornerstone of successful assessment and the ideal forms of literariness in higher education teaching and learning. Evaluating multiliteracy is essential for showing that students have understood the material and proving that they can interact with many genres at the same degree of complexity. These evaluations are also essential for informing decisions about education and curriculum development. Assessments' design must incorporate practical educational concepts to convert theoretical frameworks into proper instruments that guarantee relevance, fairness, and accuracy. Assessments can create a learning environment that supports the development of critical professional skills by upholding solid pedagogical ideas. This study follows Borg and Gall's research and development (R&D) approach, concentrating on the first two phases, Phase 1 (information collection and research) and Phase 2 (planning). It uses needs analysis and research data to direct the evaluation procedure. The results highlight the need to include practical pedagogical components, such as explicit knowledge transformation, real-world practice contexts, and reflective learning, in assessing multiliteracy in literary education. With a heavy emphasis on literary literacy, these guidelines guarantee that evaluations in literary education test critical thinking, creativity, and the capacity to comprehend and produce various types of literacy in addition to content knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study Berman's deformation tendencies toward Arabic literary texts in the process of translation into English, using novel translation as a case study. The paper will explain the twelve deforming tendencies and their recurrence in the translation. Then it will present these tendencies sequentially. The task is accomplished through applying the negative analytical model proposed by the French translator and critic Antoine Berman (1985), which he calls "deformation tendencies," to the revised English translation of Naguib Mahfouz's novel "Children of Gabalaawi" by the British writer and translator Philip Stewart (1996). The selected examples will be analyzed and discussed to determine the practice of deformation in the analyzed examples. To achieve this subjectively the researchers have selected the first two hundred sentences in the first chapter of the novel. The selected texts were read thoroughly to identify the examples covered by these deformations, and then the sentences were analyzed sequentially and comprehensively. Finally, comparing the examples under study and presenting the proposed translation in accordance with Berman's model, the researchers have found results that support Berman's theory of deformation tendencies. The data selected found nearly 330 cases relating to Berman's model, a large number in 200 sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the findings of a contrastive study exploring the frequency of the use of formulas against the evil eye. It also explores the different categories of compliment responses. The subjects are 100 female and male native speakers of Jordanian Arabic and native speakers of American English. The data are elicited through a DCT that consists of 10 situations. Analysis of the data showed that formulaic expressions were used by native speakers of Jordanian Arabic and native speakers of American English to keep the evil eye away from the speakers. There were no significant differences between the female and male students in complimenting. The participants employed different types of compliment responses. The most frequent category was to accept compliments. A future study is recommended to examine the similarities and differences between the compliments used by teachers and students using online classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has provided access to a wide variety of teaching tools, including digital tools like Google Classroom, Quizlet, Zoom, Kahoot, and Nearpod, as well as older technology like radio, television, video, and computers for those who are both teaching and learning the English language. Even before personal computers first became a common household item in the 1990s, many people believed they would revolutionize education, and using computer-based instruction and learning for the study of languages was no exception. Nevertheless, ICT-based English language learning has only recently become available in India. Technology is currently used in many educational institutions to teach subjects like languages. Consequently, technology in general and information and communication technology (ICT) in particular have made it possible for everyone around the globe to learn for themselves. Therefore, the focus of the researchers nowadays is on utilizing particular ICTbased instructional materials to improve the English language skills of engineering students from rural backgrounds. In the modern day, obtaining a job no longer solely depends on subject-matter expertise. Without a doubt, Rural Background Engineering (RBE) students must be skilled communicators in English these days in order to find employment. This paper focuses on the effective use of technology to enhance Indian RBE students English language instruction within a result-focused context. Therefore, integrating technology into language instruction offers clear benefits that pertain to both language education and preparing pupils for today's information culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As windows through which people get in touch with the world, English news headlines are extensively studied in both journalistic and linguistic fields. However, little literature has been found to approach their demonstrations and motivations behind. Cognitive Linguistics devotes itself to find out the motivations behind language demonstrations. From the perspective of prominence, one dimension of cognitive construal, this paper discusses the demonstrations and motivations of the news headlines of five different e-papers reporting the same news events. It is concluded that (1) different headlines in different e-papers give prominence to different parts of news events. (2) e-papers' different attitudes towards the news events cognitively motivate the different demonstrations in terms of prominence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate some cases where misunderstanding of Qur'anic words takes place on the part of Qur'an translators. In these cases, misunderstanding leads to mistranslation of the Qur'anic verses. Having analyzed nine translations of seventeen Qur'anic sample verses, relying on two well-known Qur'anic interpretations, considerable misunderstanding was detected, leading to mistranslation of the Qur'anic verses. The analysis of the translations shows that mistranslation results from misconception, misreference, homonymy confusion, and inflection confusion. The paper concludes that translators, besides having a good grasp of Arabic source language (SL) in general and Qur'anic language in particular, have to rely on Qur'anic interpretation, Tafseer, to overcome any misunderstanding, thus mistranslation might not happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs Manipulation Theory and Skopos Theory as theoretical foundations to understand why and how external and internal constraints have affected translators in using translation solutions. This paper has chosen Lao She's Chinese short story, Black Li and White Li, and compared the two translations from Wang Chi-Chen and Lyell A. Williams. A comparison of "patronage", "professionals", and translation solutions shows that the two translators produced remarkable translation works at their time and their translation solutions are worth learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]