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Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been mainly used in athlete trauma care. In this paper, the possible applications of PBM in athlete medical care to maintain pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis and in athlete trauma care to treat osteoarthritis and delayed onset of muscular soreness (DOMS) have been discussed. In order to maintain pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, PBM might be used in an intravascular way, in an endonasal way or in a directly irradiated way. DOMS was supposed to have three phases, z-line disruption, proteolysis of damaged proteins and protein synthesis for myofibril remodeling, each of which might have its own optimum dose of PBM.

Intravascular low intensity laser therapy (ILILT) was originally put forward in USA in 1982, but popularized in Russia in1980s and in China in 1990s, respectively. A randomized placebo-controlled study has shown ILILT clinical efficacy inpatients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. As Chinese therapeutic applications ofILILT were the most widely in the world,its basic research, such as intracellular signal transduction research, blood research in vitro, animal blood research in vivo,human blood research in vivo and traditional Chinese medicine research, was also very progressive in China. Its basic studieswill be reviewed in terms ofthe biological information model ofphotobiomodulation in this paper. ILILT might work in viewofits basic studies, but the further randomized placebo-controlled trial and the further safety research should be done..Keywords: photobiomodulation, intravascular low intensity laser therapy, randomized placebo-controlled trial

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effect oflow intensity monochromatic light or laser irradiation (LIL) on biological systems. which stimulates or inhibits biological functions but does not result in irreducible damage. It has been observed that PBM can suppress cellular senescence, reverse skin photoageing and improve fibromyalgia. In this paper, the biological information model of photobiomodulation (BIMP) is used to discuss its mechanism. Cellular senescence can result from short, dysfunctional telomeres, oxidative stress, or oncogene expression, and may contribute to aging so that it can be seen as a decline of cellular function in which cAMP plays an important role, which provide a foundation for PBM on senescence since cellular senescence is a reasonable model of senescence and PBM is a cellular rehabilitation in which cAMP also plays an important role according to BIMP. The PBM in reversing skin photoageing and improving fibromyalgia are then discussed in detail.

Photobiomodulation is an effect of low intensity monochromatic light or laser irradiation on biological systems, which stimulates or inhibits biological functions but does not results in irreducible damage. However, many cellular experiments, animal experiments or clinic studies with monochromatic light or laser irradiation which intensity is not so high that it directly destroys cells have found no photobiomodulation but cell compartment damage, apoptosis or necrosis so that a new concept, a moderate intensity laser or monochromatic light, should be defined if its intensity is so high that no photobiomodulation can be observed, but is so low that it can not directly destroy cells. There might be two pathways mediated the effects of a moderate intensity laser or monochromatic light: one is mediated by the photodynamic effects of endogenetic photosensitizers to induce apoptosis or necrosis, one is mediated by laser or monochromatic light induced stress wave through endogenetic chromophore to induce apoptosis. These effects can be used to understand laser or monochromatic light induced cell compartment damage, apoptosis or necrosis. They are beneficial in phototherapy of cancer and scar, but deleterious in phototherapy of delayed onset of muscular soreness.

The civilization theories prevailed among people are the theories paying attention to the geographical factors. In this paper, the latitude distribution of track and field elite athletes in China mainland has been studied in terms of the biological effects of sunlight. The China mainland is divided into seven latitude zones according to the absolute latitude value so that the larger the zone number is, the larger the distance from the Equator. The elite athletes are classified into speed-type, jump-type, strength-type and endurance-type so that the latitude distribution can be discussed in terms of exercise physiology. The latitude distribution shows that the elite athletes of speed-type or jump-type prefer to the zones of low latitude, and the elite athletes of strength-type or endurance-type prefer to the zones of high latitude. These phenomena can be understood by the effects of sunlight on exercise physiological index such as skeletal muscle fibre types.

Endonasal low intensity laser therapy (ELILT) began in China in 1998. Now in China it is widely applied to treat hyperlipidemia and brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, poststroke depression, intractable headache, ache in head or face, cerebral thrombosis, acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, migraine, brain lesion and mild cognitive impairment. There are four pathways mediating EILILT, Yangming channel, autonomic nervous systems and blood cells. Two unhealth acupoints of Yangming channal inside nose might mediate the one as is low intensity laser acupuncture. Unbalance autonomic nervous systems might be modulated. Blood cells might mediate the one as is intravascular low intensity laser therapy. These three pathways are integrated in ELILT so that serum amyloid β protein, malformation rate of erythrocyte, CCK-8, the level of viscosity at lower shear rates and hematocrit, or serum lipid might decrease, and melanin production, SOD activity or β endorphin might increase after ELILT treatment. These results indicate ELILT might work, but it need to be verified by randomized placebo-controlled trial.