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[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the mechanism of yield and carbon assimilates metabolism in cotton varieties of different genotypes in response to low phosphorus stress, and to provide a theoretical basis for the physiological regulation of cotton yield and quality under low phosphorus stress in production. (Method) In the study, a pot experiment was conducted with low phosphorus tolerant genotypes (BX014 and LuYuan343) and low phosphorus sensitive genotypes (FJA and DLNTDH), and low phosphorus (P1, 15 mg/kg), medium phosphorus (P2, 50 mg/kg), normal phosphorus (P3, 150 mg/kg), and high phosphorus (P4, 300 mg/kg) were used as the experimental materials. Four treatments were used to study the effects of different phosphorus application levels on dry weight, phosphorus uptake and utilization, yield traits, and carbohydrate metabolism of cotton bolls and their correlation between carbon assimilates metabolizing enzyme activities and yield. [Result] (i) Under low phosphorus stress, the dry weight accumulation of different organs, phosphorus accumulation, plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of fruiting nodes, number of bolls, weight of bolls, seed cotton yield, lint yield and clothing fraction of cotton would be significantly reduced, while the phosphorus utilization efficiency and boll abscission rate would be significantly increased, and there was a significant reciprocal effect between different phosphorus treatments and varieties. (ii) Carbohydrate content in boll-opposed leaves was the key substance in response to low phosphorus stress; Under low phosphorus treatment, with the increase of phosphorus content, cotton boll-opposed leaves sucrose and soluble sugar content generally showed a decreasing trend, and the activities of phospho-sucrose synthetase (SPS) and sucrose synthetase (SuSy) showed a tendency to increase firstly and then decrease. (iii) Under P1, P2 and P4 treatments, the cotton dry weight, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus utilization efficiency and yield indexes of the low phosphorus tolerant genotypes were significantly higher than those of the low phosphorus sensitive genotypes, and the response to low phosphorus stress was not uniform, showing strong low phosphorus tolerance; And the activities of SPS and SuSy were significantly higher than those of the low phosphorus sensitive genotypes, and the difference in the enzyme activities might be one of the reasons for the low phosphorus tolerance of low phosphorus tolerant genotypes. The differences in enzyme activities may be one of the reasons for low phosphorus tolerance in low phosphorus tolerant genotypes. (iv) The correlation analysis of the traits showed that lint yield was extremely significant positive correlated with boll weight (correlation coefficient was 0.95), SPS (correlation coefficient was 0.96) and SuSy activity (correlation coefficient was 0.99), respectively. [Conclusion] Higher SPS and SuSy activities in the opposite leaves of cotton bolls of low phosphorus tolerant genotypes under low phosphorus stress maintain the ability of sucrose synthesis, which in turn promotes the redistribution of sugar, thus ensuring the production and accumulation of dry matter under low phosphorus conditions and thus increasing lint yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effect of organic liquid fertilizer replacing some chemical fertilizer on growth characteristics, yield and quality of drip irrigated cotton. [Method] A field experiment was conducted during 2021-2022. Five treatments were set up in the experiment, including conventional fertilizer application alone (pure N 330 kg/hm², P2O5 180 kg/hm², K2O 120 kg hm²) (CF), 60% conventional fertilizer + 225 L/hm² alginate stock solution + 150 L/hm² liguo concentrated solution (LF1), 60% conventional fertilizer + 450 L/hm² alginate stock solution + 300 L/hm² liguo concentrated solution (LF2), 60% conventional fertilizer + 675 L/hm² alginate stock solution + 450 L/hm² liguo concentrated solution (LF3), and 60% conventional fertilizer + 675 L/hm² alginate stock solution + 450 L/hm² liguo concentrated solution (LF4). [Result] Dry matter accumulation and the maximum growth rate of dry matter increased with the liquid fertilizer supply rising. The maximum growth rate of dry matter of LF3 was 2.99% lower than CF, and LF4 was 7.34% higher than CF. Leaf area index (LAI) and SPAD values increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage. Except for the bud stage, LAI in LFI and LF2 were significantly lower than CF, LF3 and CF were not significantly different, and LF4 was significantly higher than CF. SPAD values in LF1 and LF2 were significantly lower than CF, while there was no significant difference among LF3, LF4 and CF. In the flowering and boll stage, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage, but intercellular CO2 concentration decreased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage. Number of bolls, boll weight and yield increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage, LF1 and LF2 were significantly lower than CF, while there was no significant difference among LF3, LF4 and CF. Yield of LF1, LF2, LF3, LF4 and CF were 6012.5, 6528.5, 7274.5, 7568.5 and 7383 kg/hm², respectively. Fiber length and strength increased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage, but there was no significant difference among LF3, LF4 and CF. Micronaire decreased with the increase of liquid fertilizer dosage. There was no significant change between other treatments and CF, except for the significant difference between LF1 and CF. [Conclusion] Moderate amount of organic liquid fertilizer replacing some chemical fertilizer can promote the growth and development of cotton, increase yield appropriately and improve quality. Considering all indicators together, the optimum treatment is LF3 in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effect of super absorbent polymers (SAP) on soil biological activities, and dry rubber yield of rubber plantations and find out the optimal application dosage for rubber plantions of dorught-prone regions. This can provide some theoretical basis for the rubber tree drought resistance cultivation technology. [Method] A fifteen-year-old rubber plantion with the clone Reyan 7-33-97 was used to set out a field randomized block experiment and compare the application of different dosages of SAP (0, 60, 120, 180, 300 g/tree) on soil moisture, nutrients, microbial quantity, enzyme activities and the dry rubber yield of the rubber plantation. [Result] The application of super absorbent polymers increased the soil water content and available nutrient content of rubber plantations, but it had no effect on soil pH. At the same time, it significantly promoted the soil bacteria quantity, actinomycetes quantity and total microorganisms, but did not change the overall proportion of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil. Soil enzyme activity and rubber latex yield showed a unimodal curve trend with the increase of SAP dosage. The soil bacteria quantity, actinomycetes quantity, soil urease acvitity, invertase acvitity, catalase acvitity, ammonia nitrogen content, available phosphorus content and the yield of dry rubber showed a trend of firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of SAP amount. The T2 treatment was the most effective, in which the soil microorganisms, enzymatic activity and dry rubber yield showed the best. Compared with CK, the quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 346.42% and 191.48%, respectively, while the quantity of soil fungi decreased by 15.31%, and the soil urease activity, invertase activity, and catalase activity increased by 40.01% and 15.74%, 31.44%, respectively, and the yield of the latex increased by 11.99%. [Conclusion] The recommended SAP applicationdosage for the tapping rubber trees is 120 g/tree, which is beneficial to the increase of soil water content, soil microorganisms quantity and soil nutrient contents, as well the promotion of dry rubber yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to investigate the comprehensive effects of irrigation amount on soil enzyme activity, yield, quality and nutrient utilization of pepper in Sichuan Basin, and propose an appropriate irrigation amount. 【Method】 The pepper variety of Xingshuzhoula 3 was used as the experiment material. Four irrigation amount treatments were set, and the soil volumetric moisture content was controlled respectively at 35%-40% (T1), 45%-50% (T2), 55%-60% (T3), 65%-70% (T4). The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase β-Glucosidase activity and catalase activity such as yield, quality, and plant N, P, K content of peppers were determined. The interrelationship between the indicators was analyzed. 【Result】 The soil enzyme activities increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase, β-glucosidase and catalase activities of T4 were the highest, and the activities of some enzymes were not significantly different from those of T3.Compared with T1, the increases were 48.80%, 28.70%, 45.60%, 100.87% and 102.58%, respectively. With the increase of irrigation amount, pepper yield also increased, T4 increased by 29.05% compared with T1, and there was no significant difference in pepper yield between T3 and T4.The content of vitamin C and capsaicin in peppers decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation water, but the content of soluble sugar in peppers increased with the increase of irrigation water. The amount of irrigation increased the total accumulation of nutrients (N, P and K), the physiological use efficiency of N and K and the partial fertilizer productivity in pepper fruits and shoots. Except that the physiological utilization efficiency of P was lower than that of T4, the other nutrient utilization parameters of T3 were not significantly different from those of T4, and the physiological utilization efficiency of K was even significantly higher than that of T4.【Conclusion】When the irrigation amount is 4392-4733 t/hm² (T3 and T4), the soil enzyme activity, yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepper are all at high levels. The results of the study provide a theoretical and practical reference for the selection of the irrigation amount of facilities pepper in Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of chilling injury and pre-spraying of uniconazole ($3307) on the phys- iological metabolism of mung bean (Vigna radiata) leaves and yield, studying the effects of low temperature stress at the initial flowering stage on physiological and yield of mung bean, and the alleviating effect of pre-spraying $3307 on stress. [Method] The pot experiment in the research was conducted, and the crop cultivar included Lvfeng 5 (L5) and Lvfeng 2 (L2). S3307 was pre-sprayed and treated with con- tinuous low temperature (average 15 °C) for 5 days and samples were taken every day to analyze the cell membrane permeability, AsA-GSH cycle, content of osmotic adjustment substances in mung bean leaves and yield, and the mitigating effects of $3307. [Result] The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the electrolyte leakage in mung bean leaves were significantly increased by chilling damage at the initial flow- ering stage, and the content of ascorbic acid and glutathione, and the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were significantly in- creased. The 100-seeds weight of L5 was significantly decreased by 2. 17% -16.60%, and the yield per plant was significantly decreased by 10. 37% -44.62%. At the same time, the 100-seeds weight of L2 was significantly decreased by 3. 33% -22. 14%, and the yield per plant was significantly decreased by 12.73% -45.69%. S3307 had the effect of resisting chilling damage at the initial flowering stage. Un- der low temperature conditions, pre-spraying $3307 effectively increased the soluble sugar and soluble content of mung bean leaves, significantly reduced the MDA content and the electrolyte leakage, and significantly increased the content of ascorbic acid and glutathione. Spra- ying $3307 had the regulatory effect of increasing the yield of mung bean. Under normal temperature conditions, L5 and 12 in a single plant significantly increased by 4. 70% and 7. 87%, respectively. Under the conditions of chilling, the 100-seeds weight was significantly in- creased by 1. 23% -3.32%, and the yield per plant was significantly increased by 3. 49% -8. 13% when 15 was treated for 1-5 days.. And 100-seeds weight was significantly increased by 1.72% -5.21%, and the yield per plant was significantly increased by 10.94% - 16.55% when 12 was treated for 1-5 days. [Conclusion] Low temperature at the initial flowering stage affected the physiological functions of mung bean leaves such as cell membrane permeability, AsA-GSH cycle, and osmotic regulation substances; Pre-spraying $3307 could ef- fectively alleviate the effects of chilling injury on mung bean physiology and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore which proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area can promote the accumulation and transfer of spring maize dry matter in Yinchuan Plain, and its effects on fertilizer utilization rate and yield, so as to provide a basis for the integration of drip irrigation water and fertilizer for spring maize in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area. 【Method】The experiment was carried out in the Yinchuan Plain of the Yellow River Irrigation Area from 2019 to 2020. The maize variety Yinyu 274 was used as the material. The conventional application rates of local nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were 417 and 142.50 kg/hm². The conventional application rate of 70% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 291.90 and 99.75 kg/hm2. The conventional application rates of 130% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were 542.10 and 185.25 kg/hm2. Six treatments with different proportions of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were set up as T1 （N 0, P 0）, T2 （N 100%, P 70%）, T3 （N 100%, P 100%）, T4 （N 70%, P 100%）, T5 （N 130%, P100%）, T6 （N 100%, P 130%）. The effects of different ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus combined application on the dry matter accumulation, dry matter transport, grain contribution rate, nutrient utilization rate and yield of maize under drip irrigation, water and fertilizer integration were analyzed.【Result】The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer 291.9 kg/hm2 and phosphorus fertilizer 142.50 kg/hm² under the combined application of six kinds of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had the best overall effect. The absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen by maize was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The nutrient requirements of maize throughout its growth period were satisfied. Compared with other treatments, the dry matter accumulation increased by 6.28%-22.90%, and the dry matter transport and grain contribution rate increased by 4.60%-11.10%. Compared with conventional combined application, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, phosphate fertilizer utilization rate, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity were significantly increased by 52.23%, 18.92%, 57.07% and 9.95% in T4 treatment. It can also significantly improve the corn ear formation rate, the number of grains per ear, and the weight of 100 kernels, thereby increasing the yield. The yield could be increased by 8.34%-9.95% compared with the conventional nitrogen and phosphorus application, and the maximum yield was 21 916.39 kg/hm².【Conclusion】The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer 291.90 kg/hm² and phosphorus fertilizer 142.50 kg/hm² under drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area can significantly increase the dry matter accumulation before and after flowering, and improve the dry matter transport, transport rate and contribution to seeds, and improve N fertilizer utilization, phosphorus fertilizer utilization and N fertilizer bias productivity, thus increasing maize yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of sowing date and film mulching on yield and quality of direct seeding winter rapeseed to provide a theoretical basis for suitable sowing and high-yielding cultivation of winter rapeseed in dryland in southwest China. [Method] A two-factor completely randomized block design was adopted to explore the effect of sowing date(20th September, 30th September, 10th October, 20th October, 30th October, 10th November, 20th November) and film mulching (film mulching and no film mulching) on field soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of Chuanyou 36. [Result] Film mulching effectively increased the 0-20 cm soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, plant height, length of main inflorscence and effective pods, thereby increasing rapeseed yield by 3.61%-44.47%, which was more obvious with the delay of sowing date. However, the sowing date delayed longer, dry matter accumulation and agronomic traits of rapeseed decreased significantly. The regression equation showed that the rapeseed yield rose first and then declined with the delay of sowing date, which had a significant polynomial relationship with sowing date. The optimal sowing date for rapeseed was 10th October, which was 2.13%, 47.97%, 74.19% and 136.64% higher than 30th September, 30th October, 10th November and 20th November, respectively. In addition, the delay of sowing date effectively reduced the content of linolenic acid, erucic acid and glucosinolates in rapeseed, but also reduced the oil content, while film mulching effectively decreased the difference in rapeseed quality resulted from the delay of sowing date. [Conclusion] 30th September to 10th October was a suitable sowing date for high yield of direct seeding rapeseed in dry land in southwest China, and a proper delay of the sowing period in combination with film mulching technology was more conducive to achieving goals of high yield, efficiency and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of pesticides fertilizer application on the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in sugarcane during inter-tillage period, and their production effects at jointing and maturity stages, so as to provide reference basis for scientific application of pesticide fertilizer in sugarcane.【Method】In this study, sugarcane cultivar Guiliu 05/136 planted in winter was taken as the research material. Referring to the production standard of sugarcane with high yield and high sugar in Guangxi, six different kinds of pesticides fertilizers with nutrient ratios and pesticides components were applied to sugarcane production during the inter-tillage period（from tillering stage to late tillering stage） as different treatments, and they were named as A,B,C,D,E and F,respectively. From May to October, the conditions of major plant diseases and insect pests in sugarcane seedlings under different treatments, and the growth rate of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were investigated. The yield traits were investigated at maturity, and the agricultural output value of sugarcane under different treatments were also analyzed.【Result】Application of pesticides fertilizer with N, P2O5, K2O≥30%（A,B,C,D and E treatments） promoted sugarcane tillering, appropriately applying with organic matter in which（B and D treatments） had better effect. At the same time, the smut and borer pest also got better control in sugarcane seedling. The pesticides fertilizer containing organic matter had a better indirect effect on smut, and which containing chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam could prevent and control borers in best. In addition, the application of pesticides fertilizers containing organic matter（B,D and F treatments） could not only promote the elongation of sugarcane stem in advance, but also promote rapidly growth for plants, and to form more millable canes, then increase their yield per unit area. Under the premise of the same cost of fertilizer, the agricultural increased of sugarcane treated with different fertilizer reached by 2118.62-9199.31 yuan/hm~2, among which D treatment had the highest value added.【Conclusion】The application of organic-inorganic compound pesticides fertilizer during the inter-tillage period have positive effect on the control of diseases and insect pests of sugarcane seedlings, and the control effect is closely related to the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient ratio of fertilizer. The tillering of sugarcane can be effectively promoted by applying medicated fertilizer, which could also effectively improve the effect for sugarcane production, and two kinds of which the component of 35% N, P2O5, K2O content（17-7-11）,0.10% insecticide, 0.10% thiamethoxam, 3% organic matter or 30% N, P2O5, K2O content（13-6-11）,30 mL Durui, 0.10% thiamethoxam, 15% organic matter are more beneficial to increase sugarcane production efficiency, thus it is the best for sugarcane cultivation in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the feasibility of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and a reasonable nitrogen reduction model under late sowing wheat in the Jianghan Plain. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted with Zhengmai 9023 under traditional and late sowing date with three nitrogen treatments differing in ratios of basal to topdressing. The changes in wheat yield and its constituent factors and nitrogen related indicators were compared across treatments. 【Result】（i） Under the same nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratio, grain yield, panicle number and 1000-grain weight were significantly reduced delayed the sowing date. Reduced total dry matter accumulation during flowering and maturity under late sowing was due to the decrease in dry matter accumulation in leaves and stem sheaths; The dry matter accumulation in spike did not show significant change. The changes in dry matter accumulation at maturity were related to leaves, stem+sheaths and grain husk+spike axis. Under the same nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratio, the nitrogen accumulation in wheat at flowering and maturity decreased as well; Nitrogen accumulation in flowering leaves of increased under late sowing, but nitrogen accumulation in stem+leaf sheath, ripe leaves and ripe grain husk+spike axis decreased. Under the same nitrogen application rate and base-topdressing ratio, the spike formation rate and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly reduced under late sowing.（ii）Under different nitrogen fertilization treatments and the same sowing date, nitrogen fertilization can be reduced from 180 to 150 kg/hm² under late sowing with insignificant change in yield decreased by 3.33 kg/hm²（M1） and 293.34 kg/hm²（M2） in 2019—2020; 158.67 kg/hm²（M1） and 13.50 kg/hm²（M2） in 2020—2021. The reduction was much lower than that of normal sowing, and the reason was that the number of spikes and grain number per spike were stable when the nitrogen application rate was reduced from 180 to 150 kg/hm², and the 1000-grain weight increased to some extent. Further reducing the amount of nitrogen applied, the yield change under the two sowing dates did not reach a significant level. Under the same base-topdressing ratio, reducing nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen accumulation in the stem+leaf sheath and spike at the flowering stage and grain husk+spike axis were significantly reduced, but dry matter accumulation did not change significantly. Under the same sowing date and base-topdressing ratio, reducing nitrogen application rate, spike formation rate increased significantly, M1 nitrogen utilization efficiency increased significantly, and M2 nitrogen utilization efficiency remained stable. 【Conclusion】Under the conditions of continuous optimization of nitrogen fertilizer management mode, the yield of late sowing wheat under nitrogen reduction treatment was not significantly reduced compared with normal nitrogen yield, but the spike formation rate and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly improved. After a delay of 20 days, the recommended nitrogen fertilizer management model is that the ratio of base to topdressing is m（base fertilizer）∶ m（top dressing before winter）∶ m（top dressing at jointing stage）=1∶1∶1, and the nitrogen application rate can be reduced from the normal nitrogen application rate to 150 kg/hm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to the effects of phosphorus application rate on switchgrass growth and soil nutrients in saline-alkali soil, in order to determine the appropriate amount of phosphorus, which provided a theoretical basis for saline-alkali soil improvement and high yield and high efficiency cultivation of switchgrass in Yinbei area of Ningxia.【Method】In Yinbei area of Ningxia, switchgrass, an energy crop, was used as material to study the effects of different treatments on the growth, soil saline-alkali content and nutrient absorption and utilization of switchgrass by setting 0,30 and 90 kg/hm² of phosphorus fertilizer（expressed as P0, P30 and P90, respectively） through field experiments.【Result】At the mature stage of switchgrass, the soil salinity and alkali content in 0-100 cm soil layer of each treatment were all P0>P30>P90, and the soil organic matter, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents were all P90>P30>P0. Compared with P0, P90 treatment significantly reduced the soil salinity and alkali content and increased the nutrient content. Phosphorus application contributes to the growth of switchgrass, which promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, and improved the accumulation of aboveground dry matter. Under three phosphorus levels, soil nitrogen balance of payments were deficit, and soil phosphorus balance was surplus only under P90 treatment.【Conclusion】The comprehensive results showed that under the conditions of this experiment, 90 kg/hm² P application rate could not only ensure the good growth of switchgrass and obtain high biomass yield, but also alleviate the saline-alkali pressure, improve the soil nutrient status and maintain a reasonable balance of nitrogen and phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer to wheat, effects of reduced application rates of nitrogen on yield and quality of wheat were analyzed in Yunnan province. [Method] Using a two-factor randomized block design, the newly bred dryland wheat varieties Yunmai 76 and Yunmai 77 were used as materials to set up a nitrogen-use efficiency experiment including 5 N application rates, namely, 300 kg/hm²(N1),240 kg/hm²(N2), 180 kg/hm²(N3) and 120 kg/hm²(N4) and no nitrogen fertilizer(N5), respectively. The related indexes of grain yield, yield components and quality under different rates were determined. The correlation between grain yield and spike number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight was analyzed. [Result] Under different nitrogen application rates, the yield of Yunmai 76 and Yunmai 77 decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rates. When the nitrogen application rate decreased from 300 kg/hm² to 240 kg/hm², the yield decreased by 1.38% and 0.30%, respectively; When the nitrogen application rate decreased to 180 kg/hm²or below 180 kg/hm², the yield was significantly decreased. In terms of yield components, the number of panicles per unit area significantly decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate; However, the effect of nitrogen application rate on 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike was not significant. The results of correlation analysis between yield and components showed that there was a extremely significant positive correlation between yield and panicle number(R=0.92）. There was no significant correlation with grain number per spike, but a significant negative correlation with 1000-grain weight. Under the rateof N180 kg/hm² and no nitrogen application, the yield of Yunmai 77 was 10.67% and 28.87% higher than that of Yunmai 76, respectively, and the yield decrease of Yunmai 77 was much lower than that of Yunmai 76 under the same N treatment. In terms of quality, protein content and wet gluten content decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rates, and the differences were significant; The responses of sedimentation value, stability time and formation time to nitrogen application varied with different varieties. The sedimentation value of Yunmai 76 decreased at first and then increased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate, but the nitrogen reduction rate had no significant effect on the sedimentation value of Yunmai 77. [Conclusion] Yunmai 77 is a wheat variety with tolerant low nitrogen. Considering the yield and quality comprehensively, under the experimental conditions, when the conventional nitrogen application rate in this area is 300 kg/hm², the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and quality can be realized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of different chemicals (fertilizers) on the prevention and control of ratoon chlorosis as well as the influence of growth and yield in sugarcane to provide a reference for the high-efficient and low-cost control of ratoon chlorosis in sugarcane. [Method] Using a randomized block design, setting up 6 chemical treatments(fertilizers) in a first ratoon field in 2020, treatment A was spraying iron fertilizer on the leaf surface at 3-leaf stage seedlings, treatment B was 10. 0 kg/667 m² ferrous sulfate applied to the soil before emergence, treatment C was 20. 0 kg/667 m² of hydrated lime applied to the soil before emergence, treatment D was 500. 0 g/667 m² (diluted 3000 times) of soil irrigating and repairing bacteria in the root zone before emergence, treatment E was 1. 0 t/667 m² of biochar applied in the soil before emergence, treatment F was 1. 0 t/667 m² coal ash from the sugar mill before emergence, and no treatment was using as a control (CK). Seventy days after treatments, the incidence of chlorosis in the current year and the consequent ratoon year were counted, and agronomic characteristics such as plant height, tiller rate, number of leaves, and yield components such as millable stalks and stalk diameter were compared with the control, and were used in evaluation the control effects. [Result] The tested chemicals (fertilizers) had extremely significant (P < 0. 01, the same as below) control effects on sugarcane ratoon chlorosis, the range of control effect was 5. 57% to 71. 33% in year 2020, and 1. 96% to 73. 67% in year 2021. In 2020, treatment A (foliar spraying iron fertilizer) had the best control effect, with the 71. 3 3 % control effect, next was the treatment F (sugar factory coal ash) with 30. 01 % control effect. Treatment B and D had poor effect, and the difference was not significant (P > 0. 05), but both were significantly worse than other soil modulators (fertilizer) treatments. In 2021, the control effect of each soil modulator (fertilizer) treatment was extremely significantly different, and significantly (P < 0. 05, the same as below) or extremely significantly better than in 2020, especially the best treatment effect was F, reaching 90. 06%, followed by treatment E, and the control effect was 73. 67 %. All treatments can significantly promote plant growth, increase tillers, and leaves, in addition to extremely significantly improve the yield traits. Among them, treatment F performed the best effect. The cost of each treatment was in the range of 70 - 2100 yuan/667 m², and costs from high to low was E >A > F > C > D > B. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying with Fe2+ foliar fertilizer has a significant re-greening effect on sugarcane seedlings that have ratoon chlorosis, can quickly recover the yield loss caused by ratoon chlorosis, but the control time is short, and it is difficult to fundamentally prevent ratoon chlorosis of sugarcane. Considering the control effects, as well as cost and the influence of sugarcane growth, the applying coal ash 1. 0 t/667 m² is the best way to prevent and cure sugarcane ratoon chlorosis and sugarcane early growth and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the main factors affecting the yield of Brassica napus L in different regions of Sichuan province, so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding B. napus L. varieties suitable for different rapeseed producing areas in Sichuan province. [Method] Variation analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the agronomic characters and the yield of B. napus L . [Result] In Xindu, Deyang and Dazhou regions, the most variation of agronomic trait was the first branch numbers. The value was the number of seeds per siliquain Chongzhou and Mianyang regions. It was the number of effective siliqua per plant in Nanchang, Yibin, Jianyang, and Leshan regions. The least variation of agronomic traits was the plant hight, in the Xindu, Chongzhou, Jianyang, Mianyang, and Deyang regions. It was 1000-seed weight, in the Nanchang, Yibin, Leshan, and Dazhou regions. The yield of Xindu region was significant or highly significant negative correlated with the first branch numbers and the number of effective siliqua per plant But, it was significant positive correlated with the plant hight and the number of seeds per siliqua. The yield of Nanchang region was significant or highly significant positive correlated with the plant hight, the first branch numbers, and the number of effective siliqua per plant. The yield of Yibin region was highly significant positive correlated with the plant hight. The yield of Jianyang region was significant or highly significant positive correlated with the number of effective siliqua per plant and the number of seeds per siliqua. But, it was highly significant negative correlated with the 1000-seed weight. The yield of Leshan region was significant positive correlated with the number of effective siliqua per plant. There was no significant correlation between yield and main agronomic traits in Mianyang, Deyang, and Dazhou region. In Xindu region, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were respectively the number of seeds per siliqua and the the number of effective siliqua per plant. Those were both the number of seeds per siliqua in Chongzhou region. In Nanchong and Jianyang regions, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were respectively the number of seeds per siliqua and the 1000-seed weight. Those values were respectively the number of effective siliqua per plant and the first branch numbers in both Mianyang and Dazhou regions. In Deyang region, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were both the number of effective siliqua per plant. [Conclusion] There were differences in the coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of B. napus L in different producing areas of Sichuan province, and there were differences in correlation with yield. The effects of yield components on yield should be fully considered in breeding, as well as the comprehensive effects of other traits. The present study provides a scientific basis for breeding B. napus L varieties suitable for different regions of Sichuan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to improve the fruit quality, yield and water use efficiency of cherry tomato cultivated in solar greenhouse substrate. [Method] 'Jinfei' was used as the experimental material, and a completely randomized block design was adopted. Under the condition of split root irrigation, the total irrigation amount of cherry tomato in growth period was kept constant, the designed irrigation frequency was once a day (Dl), once every two days (D2) and once every three days (D3), the alternate frequency was that one side was irrigated once (Tl), twice (T2) and three times (TI), and then the other side was irrigated alternately, and a total of 9 treatments were used to analyze the effects of different irrigation frequency and alternate frequency on the quality, yield and water use efficiency of cherry tomato. [Result] The different irrigation frequency and alternate frequency had significant effects on the biomass accumulation of cherry tomato. The dry matter accumulation of DlTI was the highest, 249. 28 g/plant, but had no significant effect on the root shoot ratio;Reducing irrigation frequency could weaken the photosynthetic activity of plants and reduce the ability of leaves to capture light energy; The vitamin C content of D2 TI was the highest, which was significantly increased by 4. 49% to 191. 37 mg / kg compared with Dl Tl ; The contents of soluble solids and organic acids of Dl TI were not significantly different from those of D 1 Tl, but the contents of soluble sugar and sugar acid of Dl Tl were significantly increased by 20. 25% and 21. 33%, respectively;The average fruit weight, yield and water use efficiency of DlTI were significantly increased by 17. 76%, 9. 85% and 9. 85% compared with that of DlTl, respectively. [Conclusion]The comprehensive evaluation of treatment DlTI was the best, and it was the best irrigation strategy under alternate root zone irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper further explored the interaction between genotype and environment of different barley varieties, and provided theory and method for high quality cultivation of forage barley in different regions. [Method] The average value and significance level of yield traits of different varieties of forage barley at different altitudes were analyzed. The average value of yield traits in different regions were calculated and analyzed by multiple comparisons. The genetic variance, environmental variance and genetic environment interaction variance were estimated to compare the effects of heredity and environment on yield traits of feed barley. [Result] There were significant differences in effective panicle, number of filled grains, 1000 grain weight and yield among barley varieties; The results showed that the environment in Yuxi area was more conducive to the increase of effective panicles, the environment of Kunming area and Yuxi area was more conducive to the increase of the number of filled grains, the environment of Baoshan area and Dali area was more conducive to the increase of 1000 grain weight, and the environment of Yuxi area and Lincang area was more conducive to the increase of yield; The number of grains was mainly controlled by heredity, secondly by the interaction between gene and environment, and the influence of environment was the least. The effective panicle, 1000 grain weight, yield and other yield traits were greatly affected by environment, and the interaction variation between gene and environment was greater than that of heredity. [Conclusion] The yield traits were affected by heredity, so it was still the key to improve the yield of feed barley. According to the yield performance of different varieties in different regions, the key to improve feed barley yield in different ecological regions was to select high-yield forage barley varieties for promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the suitable straw returning methods for grain production in the Zitong River Basin. [Method] The impacts of straw non-returning (BR), straw mulching (FR), straw burying (MR) and straw heap back to field (DR) on soil fertility and grain production were investigated. [Result] Total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic matter contents treated with FR, MR and DR increased by 18. 6 -38. 2 mg/kg, 5. 6 - 6 . 5 mg/kg, 0. 6 -2. 3 g/kg compared to BR treatment, respectively. The yield of rice, wheat, reap and corn increased by (1. 1 - 1. 3) x 10³, (0. 7 - 0. 8) x 10³, (0. 3 - 0. 5) x 10³, (0. 7 - 1. 0) x 10³ kg/hm², respectively. Returning straw to the field has significant effects on soil nutrients and grain yield. The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic matter in DR treatment were significantly higher than FR and MR treatment, and the yield was slightly higher than FR and MR treatment. Rice, rape and corn all achieved the greatest economic benefits under DR treatment, with an average increase of 15. 6%, 27. 2%, 32. 1% compared with FR and MR, respectively. That of wheat on FR and FR was the same, 26. 7% higher than MR treatment. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis of the effect of soil fertility in the cultivated, grain yield and economic benefits, heap back to field is more conducive to the fertilization and grain production of the rice, rape and corn fields in the Zitong River Basin, and the straw mulching and heap back to field are both beneficial to the small grain production in the wheat field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to the problem that application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and long-term continuous culti vation mode in the industry caused the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L had declined in recent years, and the effects of different mi crobial agents on the growth and development of the L. barbarum L. and fruit yield and quality were studied. [Method] Ningqi No. 7 L. barba rum L. was used as experimental material, and the field trials with no microbial agents as a control were conducted by the application of Tl, T2, T3 three microbial agents. [ Result] Each treatment had different degrees of promoting effects on the vegetative growth, reproductive growth, yield and quality of L. barbarum L. plants. Microbial agents could significantly increase the survival rate of first-year L. barbarum L. seedlings, and the amount of roots and branch growth by 9. 06% - 57. 84% and 4. 76% - 54. 9%, respectively; Microbial agents could in crease the number of branches, branch growth and SPAD value of fourth-instar L. barbarum L. plants by 29. 9% - 87. 09%, 7. 5% - 18. 3%, and flower formation rate, fruit setting rate, 100-seed weight and yield by 2. 07% - 18. 87%, 3.19% - 13. 63%, 0.57% - 4. 92%, 29. 7% - 52. 7%, respectively; Especially, T2 had the most significant effect, compared with other treatments, the amount of branches, flower formation rate and yield were increased by 30. 05%, 12. 23% and 4. 45%. Microbial agents could significantly improve fruit quality and increase the content of polysaccharides, betaine, total flavonoids, and carotene in L. barbarum L. fruit by 4. 55% 25%, 25. 5% - 43. 67%, 12. 5% - 58%, and 2. 8 - 3. 6 times, respectively. Especially, Tl had the most significant effect on the improvement of quality indicators, compared with other treatments, the content of polysaccharides, betaine and carotene increased significantly by 5. 77%, 8. 52% and 23. 78%. [ Conclusion] Comprehensive evaluation of the analysis results showed that the three combinations of microbial agents tested had a certain positive effect on growth of L. barbarum L. . T2 had the most significant effect on tree growth, yield and economic benefits, Tl had the best effect on fruit quality, and it could be used for reference and promotion according to production needs in production practice, Tl and T2 could be used together to achieve the effect of improving quality and increasing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] This paper aimed to compare the difference of yield and yield composition characteristics of different aromatic hybrid rice cultivars and screened the high-yield cultivars suitable for different nitrogen conditions. [Method] 8 aromatic hybrid rice cultivars and 3 non-aromatic cultivars were planted under three nitrogen application rates, including the low ( 0 kglhm2 ), medium ( 120 kg/hm2 ), and high nitrogen rate ( 210 kglhm2 ). At maturity, the grain yield and yield composition characteristics of each cultivar were measured and com pared, which was further analyzed by the correlation and path analyses. [Result] In most cases, the yield of aromatic rice cultivars was higher than that of non-aromatic control cultivars Gangyou 725 and II you 838, but lower than F you 498. Significant yield difference was observed among different rice cultivars, and the yield difference was mainly reflected under low nitrogen conditions or transfer from the medium to the high nitrogen conditions. Nitrogen application increased the panicle numbers per plant and spikelets per panicle, which in turn increased the total spikelets per plant and the panicle weight to increase the yield. The average yield increase of nitrogen application of aromatic varieties was smaller than that of non-aromatic varieties. Compared with non-aromatic cultivars, aromatic panicle rice had obvious advantages in panicle numbers and 1000-grain weight, however, the number of spikelets per panicle and panicle weight were lower than non-aromatic cultivars.The yield of aromatic cultivars was significantly positively correlated with the panicle numbers, the spikelets per panicle and the total spikelets per plant under the low nitrogen condi tions. Whereas, there was no significant correlation between the yield and yield components under medium and high nitrogen conditions, which could be caused by the exacerbated inhibilion between yield factors with nitrogen application increased. Path analysis showed that the total spikelets was the largest contributor to the yield of aromatic cultivars under different nitrogen conditions, followed by the panicle weight. The rice yield between different levels of nitro gen application showed a linear correlation, and the yield under medium and high nitrogen condition had the better correlation, while the low and medium condition was not so good. [Conclusion] Deyou 4727, Dexiang 146and Huaxiang 7 had more spikelets at low nitrogen condi tions, and coordinated yield components at medium and high nitrogen conditions, hence they could produce a high yield under all nitrogen conditions, which would be the optimal aromatic rice cultivars screened in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]