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Objective To observe the changes of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels after replantation of severed finger, to clarify their relationships with the occurrence of arterial crisis in patients, and to further understand its effectiveness in predicting the occurrence of arterial crises. Methods Patients with early arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger (observation group) and patients without vascular crisis (control group) were selected. The levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF were compared between the two groups at different time （before surgery, 24 h after surgery, and when the arterial crisis was confirmed). Spearman correlation and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the correlations between serum MDA, SOD and VEGF levels and postoperative arterial crisis, and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MDA, SOD and VEGF on postoperative arterial crisis at 24 h after replantation of severed finger. The relationships between serum levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF and the risk of arterial crisis after finger replantation was verified again by comparing the risk of arterial crisis in patients with different levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF. Results Compared with pre-operation, MDA and VEGF increased and SOD decreased in both groups at 24 h after operation and at the time of diagnosis of arterial crisis （all P<0. 05). Compared with 24 h after operation, MDA and VEGF decreased and SOD increased in both groups at the time of diagnosis of arterial crisis （all P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the MDA was higher and the SOD and VEGF were lower in the ob‐ servation group at 24 h after operation （all P<0. 05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum MDA was positively correlated with arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger at 24 h after operation and at the time of diagnosis of arteri‐ al crisis （r=0. 859，0. 954, all P<0. 05)； at 24 h after operation and at the time of diagnosis of arterial crisis, serum SOD and VEGF were negatively correlated with arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger （r=-0. 826，-0. 915，-0. 801, -0. 887, all P<0. 05), and serum MDA, SOD and VEGF at 24 h after operation were independent influencing factors of ar‐ terial crisis after replantation of severed finger （all P<0. 05). At 24 h after operation, the best diagnostic thresholds of MDA, SOD and VEGF in predicting arterial crisis were 8. 21，64. 35 and 126. 37 pg/mL, respectively, AUC was 0. 776, 0. 794 and 0. 714, respectively，95% CI was 0. 691–0. 847，0. 711–0. 863, and 0. 625–0. 793 respectively, their sensitivities were 72. 50%，85. 00% and 57. 50%, and specificities were 76. 25%，70. 00% and 76. 25%, respectively. The risk of arterial crisis in patients with high level of MDA （MDA≥8. 21 nmol/mL) was 6. 795 times that of patients with low level （MDA<8. 21 nmol/mL), the risk of arterial crisis in patients with high level of SOD （SOD≥64. 35 nmol/mL) was 0. 065 times that of patients with low level （SOD<64. 35 nmol/mL), and the risk of arterial crisis in patients with high lev‐ el of VEGF (VEGF≥126. 37 pg/mL) was 0. 189 times that of patients with low level （VEGF<126. 37 pg/mL)（all P< 0. 05). Conclusion The serum levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF after replantation of severed finger are related to the occurrence of arterial crisis, and the detection of MDA, SOD and VEGF at 24 h after the operation can predict the occurrence of arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract：Objective To observe regulatory effects of metformin on oxidative stress and inflammatory response of human renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 induced by calcium oxalate. Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into five groups： the control group, calcium oxalate group, metformin group 1, metformin group 2, and PDTC group. Cells in the control group were cultured in serum-free DMEM medium, cells in the calcium oxalate group were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxalate crystal suspension, cells in the metformin group 1 were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxa‐ late crystal suspension and 1. 20 mmol/L metformin crystal suspension, cells in the metformin group 2 were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxalate crystal suspension and 0. 80 mmol/L metformin crystal suspension, and cells in the PDTC group were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxalate crystal suspension and 100 mmol/L NF-κB specific inhibitor PDTC crystal suspension. The cells in each group continued to be cultured for 6 h； colorimetric method was used to detect malo‐ ndialdehyde (MDA) in cell supernatant, ELISA was used to detect the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) protein in cell supernatant, and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNAs of NF-κB and MCP-1. Results The content of MDA in the cell supernatant of the control group, calcium oxalate group, metformin group 1, metformin group 2, and PDTC group was (0. 21±0. 02), (1. 62±0. 09), (1. 04±0. 01), (1. 27±0. 12) and (0. 83±0. 02) mmol/mg, respectively； the protein content of MCP-1 was (8. 25±0. 62), (66. 31±3. 78), (31. 54±2. 15), (42. 26±2. 10), and (20. 36±1. 92) pg/mL, re‐ spectively； there were significant differences between groups (all P<0. 05) . The relative expression levels of NFκB mRNA in the control group, calcium oxalate group, metformin group 1, metformin group 2, and PDTC group were 1. 00±0. 01, 1. 68±0. 02, 1. 23±0. 02, 1. 41±0. 01, and 1. 09±0. 01, respectively； the relative expression levels of MCP-1 mRNA were 1. 00±0. 01, 2. 39±0. 01, 1. 64±0. 02, 1. 89±0. 01, and 1. 44±0. 01, respectively； there were significant dif‐ ferences in the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB and MCP-1 between groups (all P<0. 05) . Conclusion Metformin (1. 20 or 0. 80 mmol/L) inhibited oxidative stress of HK-2 cells induced by calcium oxalate, and further inhibited down‐ stream inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of polydatin on the proliferation of renal cell line MPC5 induced by TGF-β1 in mice, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods MPC5 cells were divided into four groups: groups A, B, C, and D. The cells in the groups A, B and C were pretreated with polydatin 100 μmol/L for 24 h. After pretreatment, cells in the group A were cultured with polydatin for 2 h, and two hours later, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added in cells for 24 h. In the group B, 30 μmol/L of the inhibitor of miR-21 was added, and six hours later, 100 μmol/L polydatin were added, for 2 h, followed by addition of TGF-β1 for culturing 24 h. In the group C, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added for culturing 24 h. However, the group D was regarded as the blank control group, and it was added the ordinary culture medium. At the end of the training, the cell proliferation [optical density (OD value J was determined by MTT, the cell oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by spectrophotometer, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by 2', 7 '-dichloro dihydrogen fluorescein diacetate ester load method, and the miR-21 and Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) protein were determined by Western blotting. Results The OD values in the groups A, B, C and D were 14. 73 ± l. 60, 12. 70 ± l. 13, 19. 31 ± l. 79 and 12. 62 ± l. 26, respectively. Compared with group D, the OD value increased in the group C (P < 0. 05); compared with group C, the OD value decreased in the group A (P < 0. 05); compared with group B, the OD value of the group A increased (P <0. 05). At 24 h after culture, compared with group D, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group C all increased, while the relative expression level of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group C, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group A all decreased, while the relative expression level of SOD increased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group B, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1 β in the group A increased, while the relative expression of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions Polydatin can inhibit the proliferation of MPC5 cells induced by TGF-β1. The possible mechanism is that polydatin regulates miR-21-related signaling pathways, further increases SOD content, reduces intracellular MDA and ROS content, and inhibits the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of polydatin on the proliferation of renal cell line MPC5 induced by TGF-β1 in mice, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods MPC5 cells were divided into four groups: groups A, B, C, and D. The cells in the groups A, B and C were pretreated with polydatin 100 μmol/L for 24 h. After pretreatment, cells in the group A were cultured with polydatin for 2 h, and two hours later, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added in cells for 24 h. In the group B, 30 μmol/L of the inhibitor of miR-21 was added, and six hours later, 100 μmol/L polydatin were added, for 2 h, followed by addition of TGF-β1 for culturing 24 h. In the group C, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added for culturing 24 h. However, the group D was regarded as the blank control group, and it was added the ordinary culture medium. At the end of the training, the cell proliferation [optical density (OD value J was determined by MTT, the cell oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by spectrophotometer, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by 2', 7 '-dichloro dihydrogen fluorescein diacetate ester load method, and the miR-21 and Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) protein were determined by Western blotting. Results The OD values in the groups A, B, C and D were 14. 73 ± l. 60, 12. 70 ± l. 13, 19. 31 ± l. 79 and 12. 62 ± l. 26, respectively. Compared with group D, the OD value increased in the group C (P < 0. 05); compared with group C, the OD value decreased in the group A (P < 0. 05); compared with group B, the OD value of the group A increased (P <0. 05). At 24 h after culture, compared with group D, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group C all increased, while the relative expression level of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group C, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group A all decreased, while the relative expression level of SOD increased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group B, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1 β in the group A increased, while the relative expression of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions Polydatin can inhibit the proliferation of MPC5 cells induced by TGF-β1. The possible mechanism is that polydatin regulates miR-21-related signaling pathways, further increases SOD content, reduces intracellular MDA and ROS content, and inhibits the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the learning and memory abilities in mice with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after preintragastric infusion of Centella asiatica water decoction. Methods Sixty SPF Kunming mice (half male and half female)were screened and trained by the Morris water maze before the formal experiment began. Then they were randomly divided into six groups: the control group,the model group,high-dose group,medium-dose group,low-dose group,and the positive drug group. Each group was administered relative drugs or water with the volume of 25 m L/kg by gavage for 30 days.The control group and the model group were administered distilled water; the high-,medium-,and low-dose groups were given 0.624,0.312 and 0.156 g/m L Centella asiatica water decoction,respectively. On the 31 st day,each group (except the control group) was intraperitoneally injected with hyoscine to make the AD models. The learning and memory abilities of mice were tested by using the Morris water maze 30 minutes later. After that,all the mice were euthanized and their brains were taken out so that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) could be measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer,and the levels of MDA,acetylcholin esterase and choline acetyltransferase (Ch AT) were detected by microlab FAME system. Results Compared with the model group,the latent period in the highdose group,medium-dose group,and low-dose group was shorter and the number of mice passing the platform increased (P< 0.05),with a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group,the latent period in the model group was prolonged and the number of mice passing the platform decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group,the activity of SOD,GSH-Px and the level of Ch AT in the model group decreased,while the levels of MDA and ACh E increases (P <0.05). Compared with the model group,the activity of GSH-Px and the level of Ch AT in the high-dose increased,while the level of MDA decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pre-intragastric infusion of Centella asiatica water decoction can alleviate the decline of learning and memory abilites in AD model mice by increasing the level of Ch AT and the activity of GSH-Px,and decreasing the level of MDA in the brain tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of hydrogen on the growth of primary human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and its influencing factors. Methods Resected tumor fragments from 30 cases of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were obtained and primarily cultured after trypsin digestion. Tumor cells were divided into the control group and hydrogen group. The cells in the control group were cultured with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% serum,and the cells in the hydrogen group were cultured with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% serum and saturated hydrogen( ≥0. 6 mmol/L). The cell viability( OD value) of the two groups was detected by MTT,the cell proliferation was assessed by cloning formation assay,and the apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry. The clinicopathological data of patients were collected to analyze the factors that might affect the anti-tumor effect of hydrogen. Results The OD values and formed clone number of primary colorectal cancer cells from 15 patients in the hydrogen group were lower( both P 0. 05) and the apoptosis rate was higher than that of the control group( P 0. 05),suggesting that hydrogen intervention was effective. Univariate analysis was carried out on the clinicopathological parameters of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma primary cells derived from 15 patients with effective hydrogen intervention. The results showed that the primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were more likely to be inhibited by hydrogen in patients with plasma malondialdehyde( MDA) 3 μmol/L and positive rate of Ki67 expression of cancer cells 70% than in patients with plasma malondialdehyde( MDA) 3 μmol/L and the positive rate of Ki67 expression of cancer cells 70%( P 0. 05). The gender,age of patients,location and Dukes stage of tumors had no significant effect on whether primary cancer cells were inhibited by hydrogen( all P 0. 05). Conclusion Hydrogen has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells,the plasma MDA content and the expression of Ki67 in the tumor tissues may affect the clinical antitumor effect of hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]