24 results on '"Gyamfi A"'
Search Results
2. Dynamic and distinct histone modifications facilitate human trophoblast lineage differentiation
- Author
-
Bum-Kyu Lee, Joudi Salamah, Elisha Cheeran, and Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Subjects
Broad H3K4me3 domains ,Histone modifications ,Placental development ,Trophoblast lineage differentiation ,Trophoblast stem cells ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The placenta serves as an essential organ for fetal growth throughout pregnancy. Histone modification is a crucial regulatory mechanism involved in numerous biological processes and development. Nevertheless, there remains a significant gap in our understanding regarding the epigenetic regulations that influence trophoblast lineage differentiation, a fundamental aspect of placental development. Here, through comprehensive mapping of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27ac loci during the differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) into syncytiotrophoblasts (STs) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), we reveal dynamic reconfiguration in H3K4me3 and H3K27ac patterns that establish an epigenetic landscape conducive to proper trophoblast lineage differentiation. We observe that broad H3K4me3 domains are associated with trophoblast lineage-specific gene expression. Unlike embryonic stem cells, TSCs lack robust bivalent domains. Notably, the repression of ST- and EVT-active genes in TSCs is primarily attributed to the weak H3K4me3 signal rather than bivalent domains. We also unveil the inactivation of TSC enhancers precedes the activation of ST enhancers during ST formation. Our results provide a comprehensive global map of diverse histone modifications, elucidating the dynamic histone modifications during trophoblast lineage differentiation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessment of chemo-mechanical impacts of CO2 sequestration on the caprock formation in Farnsworth oil field, Texas
- Author
-
Adu-Gyamfi, Benjamin, Ampomah, William, Tu, Jiawei, Sun, Qian, Erzuah, Samuel, and Acheampong, Samuel
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Hematobiochemical variability and predictors of new-onset and persistent postpartum preeclampsia
- Author
-
Fondjo, Linda Ahenkorah, Amoah, Beatrice, Annan, John Jude, Adu-Gyamfi, Enoch Appiah, and Asamaoh, Evans Adu
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Hematobiochemical variability and predictors of new-onset and persistent postpartum preeclampsia
- Author
-
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, Beatrice Amoah, John Jude Annan, Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi, and Evans Adu Asamaoh
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) can occur antepartum or postpartum. When it develops de novo after childbirth, it is termed new-onset postpartum PE (NOPPE). Often, antepartum PE disappears after childbirth; however, in some women it persists after childbirth. This form of PE is termed persistent PE (PPE). Thus, there are two forms of postpartum PE: NOPPE and PPE. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of these diseases have not been fully characterized, and whether NOPPE and PPE are different or similar pathological conditions remains unexplored. Thus, we aimed to compare the haematological and biochemical characteristics of NOPPE and PPE, predict the occurrence of new-onset PE and identify lifestyles that predispose women to postpartum PE. A total of 130 women comprising 65 normotensive postpartum women, 33 NOPPE and 32 PPE women were recruited for this hospital-based case–control study. The socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the participants were obtained through well-structured questionnaires. Haematological and biochemical indices were measured using automated analysers and ELISA. The prevalence of postpartum PE was 11.9%. Dyslipidaemia (p =
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Partial indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl as an effective and cost-saving measure for the control of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana
- Author
-
Sylvester Coleman, Yemane Yihdego, Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Churcher S. Thomas, Dereje Dengela, Richard M. Oxborough, Samuel K. Dadzie, Daniel Boakye, Frank Gyamfi, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Ben Johns, Lilly V. Siems, Bradford Lucas, Jon Eric Tongren, Sixte Zigirumugabe, Dominic Dery, Christen Fornadel, Kristen George, Allison Belemvire, Jenny Carlson, Seth R. Irish, Jennifer S. Armistead, and Aklilu Seyoum
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The scale up of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated nets have contributed significantly to global reductions in malaria prevalence over the last two decades. However, widespread pyrethroid resistance has necessitated the use of new and more expensive insecticides for IRS. Partial IRS with pirimiphos-methyl in experimental huts and houses in a village-wide trial was evaluated against Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana. Four different scenarios in which either only the top or bottom half of the walls of experimental huts were sprayed, with or without also spraying the ceiling were compared. Mortality of An. gambiae s.l. on partially sprayed walls was compared with the standard procedures in which all walls and ceiling surfaces are sprayed. A small-scale trial was then conducted to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and cost of spraying only the upper walls and ceiling as compared to full IRS and no spraying in northern Ghana. Human landing catches were conducted to estimate entomological indices and determine the effectiveness of partial IRS. An established transmission dynamics model was parameterized by an analysis of the experimental hut data and used to predict the epidemiological impact and cost effectiveness of partial IRS for malaria control in northern Ghana. In the experimental huts, partial IRS of the top (IRR 0.89, p = 0.13) or bottom (IRR 0.90, p = 0.15) half of walls and the ceiling was not significantly less effective than full IRS in terms of mosquito mortality. In the village trial, the annual entomological inoculation rate was higher for the unsprayed control (217 infective bites/person/year (ib/p/yr)) compared with the fully and partially sprayed sites, with 28 and 38 ib/p/yr, respectively. The transmission model predicts that the efficacy of partial IRS against all-age prevalence of malaria after six months would be broadly equivalent to a full IRS campaign in which 40% reduction is expected relative to no spray campaign. At scale, partial IRS in northern Ghana would have resulted in a 33% cost savings ($496,426) that would enable spraying of 36,000 additional rooms. These findings suggest that partial IRS is an effective, feasible, and cost saving approach to IRS that could be adopted to sustain and expand implementation of this key malaria control intervention.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Placental response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Author
-
Mirella Mourad, Taylor Jacob, Elena Sadovsky, Shai Bejerano, Glicella Salazar-De Simone, Tarique Rajasaheb Bagalkot, Jason Zucker, Michael T. Yin, Jennifer Y. Chang, Lihong Liu, Larisa Debelenko, Carrie J. Shawber, Morgan Firestein, Yingshi Ouyang, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Anna Penn, Alexander Sorkin, Ronald Wapner, and Yoel Sadovsky
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected people at all ages. Whereas pregnant women seemed to have a worse course of disease than age-matched non-pregnant women, the risk of feto-placental infection is low. Using a cohort of 66 COVID-19-positive women in late pregnancy, we correlated clinical parameters with disease severity, placental histopathology, and the expression of viral entry and Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) antiviral transcripts. All newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. None of the demographic parameters or placental histopathological characteristics were associated with disease severity. The fetal-maternal transfer ratio for IgG against the N or S viral proteins was commonly less than one, as recently reported. We found that the expression level of placental ACE2, but not TMPRSS2 or Furin, was higher in women with severe COVID-19. Placental expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3, which have been implicated in antiviral response, was higher in participants with severe disease. We also showed that IFITM3 protein expression, which localized to early and late endosomes, was enhanced in severe COVID-19. Our data suggest an association between disease severity and placental SARS-CoV-2 processing and antiviral pathways, implying a role for these proteins in placental response to SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy human sources in community settings
- Author
-
Emmanuel Nji, Joseph Kazibwe, Thomas Hambridge, Carolyn Alia Joko, Amma Aboagyewa Larbi, Lois Afua Okyerewaa Damptey, Nana Adoma Nkansa-Gyamfi, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, and La Thi Quynh Lien
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis that requires urgent action to stop its spread. To counteract the spread of antibiotic resistance, we must improve our understanding of the origin and spread of resistant bacteria in both community and healthcare settings. Unfortunately, little attention is being given to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings (i.e., locations outside of a hospital inpatient, acute care setting, or a hospital clinic setting), despite some studies have consistently reported a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the community settings. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy humans in community settings in LMICs. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we synthesized studies conducted from 1989 to May 2020. A total of 9363 articles were obtained from the search and prevalence data were extracted from 33 articles and pooled together. This gave a pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance (top ten antibiotics commonly prescribed in LMICs) in commensal E. coli isolates from human sources in community settings in LMICs of: ampicillin (72% of 13,531 isolates, 95% CI: 65–79), cefotaxime (27% of 6700 isolates, 95% CI: 12–44), chloramphenicol (45% of 7012 isolates, 95% CI: 35–53), ciprofloxacin (17% of 10,618 isolates, 95% CI: 11–25), co-trimoxazole (63% of 10,561 isolates, 95% CI: 52–73), nalidixic acid (30% of 9819 isolates, 95% CI: 21–40), oxytetracycline (78% of 1451 isolates, 95% CI: 65–88), streptomycin (58% of 3831 isolates, 95% CI: 44–72), tetracycline (67% of 11,847 isolates, 95% CI: 59–74), and trimethoprim (67% of 3265 isolates, 95% CI: 59–75). Here, we provided an appraisal of the evidence of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance by commensal E. coli in community settings in LMICs. Our findings will have important ramifications for public health policy design to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings. Indeed, commensal E. coli is the main reservoir for spreading antibiotic resistance to other pathogenic enteric bacteria via mobile genetic elements.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Partial indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl as an effective and cost-saving measure for the control of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana
- Author
-
Coleman, Sylvester, Yihdego, Yemane, Sherrard-Smith, Ellie, Thomas, Churcher S., Dengela, Dereje, Oxborough, Richard M., Dadzie, Samuel K., Boakye, Daniel, Gyamfi, Frank, Obiri-Danso, Kwasi, Johns, Ben, Siems, Lilly V., Lucas, Bradford, Tongren, Jon Eric, Zigirumugabe, Sixte, Dery, Dominic, Fornadel, Christen, George, Kristen, Belemvire, Allison, Carlson, Jenny, Irish, Seth R., Armistead, Jennifer S., and Seyoum, Aklilu
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy human sources in community settings
- Author
-
Nji, Emmanuel, Kazibwe, Joseph, Hambridge, Thomas, Joko, Carolyn Alia, Larbi, Amma Aboagyewa, Damptey, Lois Afua Okyerewaa, Nkansa-Gyamfi, Nana Adoma, Stålsby Lundborg, Cecilia, and Lien, La Thi Quynh
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling regulates adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
- Author
-
Jones Gyamfi, Yun-Hee Lee, Minseob Eom, and Junjeong Choi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The tumour microenvironment is a key regulators of tumour progression through the secretion of growth factors that activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Induction of EMT is a key step for transition from a benign state to a metastatic tumour. Adipose tissue forms a bulk portion of the breast cancer microenvironment, emerging evidence indicates the potential for adipocytes to influence tumour progression through the secretion of adipokines that can induce EMT. The molecular mechanisms underlying how adipocytes enhance breast cancer progression is largely unknown. We hypothesized that paracrine signalling by adipocytes can activate EMT and results in increased migration and invasion characteristics of breast cancer cells. We found that IL-6 secreted by adipocytes induce EMT in breast cancer cells. The effect of IL-6 expression on EMT is mediated through activation of the signal transducer and activated of transcription 3 (STAT3). Blocking of IL-6 signalling in breast cancer cells and adipocytes, decreased proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities and altered the expression of genes regulating EMT. Together, our results suggest that matured human adipocytes can enhance the aggressive behaviour of breast cancer cells and induce an EMT-phenotype through paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signalling.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Author Correction: Interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling regulates adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
- Author
-
Gyamfi, Jones, Lee, Yun-Hee, Eom, Minseob, and Choi, Junjeong
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Niclosamide reverses adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells via suppression of the interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling axis
- Author
-
Gyamfi, Jones, Lee, Yun-Hee, Min, Byung Soh, and Choi, Junjeong
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Partial indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl as an effective and cost-saving measure for the control of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana
- Author
-
Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Bradford Lucas, Jennifer S. Armistead, Allison Belemvire, Kristen George, Dereje Dengela, Aklilu Seyoum, Sylvester Coleman, Richard M. Oxborough, Yemane Ye-ebiyo Yihdego, Christen M. Fornadel, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Dominic Dery, Churcher S. Thomas, Samuel Dadzie, Sixte Zigirumugabe, Ben Johns, Seth R. Irish, Daniel A. Boakye, Jon Eric Tongren, Frank Gyamfi, Jenny S. Carlson, and Lilly V. Siems
- Subjects
Insecticides ,Mosquito Control ,Cost effectiveness ,Anopheles gambiae ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Science ,Indoor residual spraying ,Ghana ,Article ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anopheles gambiae S ,Anopheles ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Pyrethroid resistance ,Animals ,Public Health Surveillance ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Geography ,Pirimiphos-methyl ,Organothiophosphorus Compounds ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Cost savings ,Malaria ,chemistry ,Aerosolized Particles and Droplets ,Environmental science ,Medicine ,Entomology - Abstract
The scale up of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide treated nets have contributed significantly to global reductions in malaria prevalence over the last two decades. However, widespread pyrethroid resistance has necessitated the use of new and more expensive insecticides for IRS. Partial IRS with pirimiphos-methyl in experimental huts and houses in a village-wide trial was evaluated against Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Ghana. Four different scenarios in which either only the top or bottom half of the walls of experimental huts were sprayed, with or without also spraying the ceiling were compared. Mortality of An. gambiae s.l. on partially sprayed walls was compared with the standard procedures in which all walls and ceiling surfaces are sprayed. A small-scale trial was then conducted to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and cost of spraying only the upper walls and ceiling as compared to full IRS and no spraying in northern Ghana. Human landing catches were conducted to estimate entomological indices and determine the effectiveness of partial IRS. An established transmission dynamics model was parameterized by an analysis of the experimental hut data and used to predict the epidemiological impact and cost effectiveness of partial IRS for malaria control in northern Ghana. In the experimental huts, partial IRS of the top (IRR 0.89, p = 0.13) or bottom (IRR 0.90, p = 0.15) half of walls and the ceiling was not significantly less effective than full IRS in terms of mosquito mortality. In the village trial, the annual entomological inoculation rate was higher for the unsprayed control (217 infective bites/person/year (ib/p/yr)) compared with the fully and partially sprayed sites, with 28 and 38 ib/p/yr, respectively. The transmission model predicts that the efficacy of partial IRS against all-age prevalence of malaria after six months would be broadly equivalent to a full IRS campaign in which 40% reduction is expected relative to no spray campaign. At scale, partial IRS in northern Ghana would have resulted in a 33% cost savings ($496,426) that would enable spraying of 36,000 additional rooms. These findings suggest that partial IRS is an effective, feasible, and cost saving approach to IRS that could be adopted to sustain and expand implementation of this key malaria control intervention.
- Published
- 2021
15. Placental response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Author
-
Michael T. Yin, Mirella Mourad, Larisa Debelenko, Tarique Rajasaheb Bagalkot, Morgan R. Firestein, Jennifer Y Chang, Ronald J. Wapner, Lihong Liu, Jason Zucker, Alexander Sorkin, Glicella Salazar-De Simone, Anna Penn, Elena Sadovsky, Taylor Jacob, Yingshi Ouyang, Shai Bejerano, Carrie J. Shawber, Yoel Sadovsky, and Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Placenta ,Science ,TMPRSS2 ,Article ,Immunoglobulin G ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Viral entry ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Young adult ,Furin ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Serine Endopeptidases ,COVID-19 ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Viral infection ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,Immunology ,Cohort ,biology.protein ,Female ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected people at all ages. Whereas pregnant women seemed to have a worse course of disease than age-matched non-pregnant women, the risk of feto-placental infection is low. Using a cohort of 66 COVID-19-positive women in late pregnancy, we correlated clinical parameters with disease severity, placental histopathology, and the expression of viral entry and Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) antiviral transcripts. All newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. None of the demographic parameters or placental histopathological characteristics were associated with disease severity. The fetal-maternal transfer ratio for IgG against the N or S viral proteins was commonly less than one, as recently reported. We found that the expression level of placentalACE2,but notTMPRSS2orFurin,was higher in women with severe COVID-19. Placental expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3, which have been implicated in antiviral response, was higher in participants with severe disease. We also showed that IFITM3 protein expression, which localized to early and late endosomes, was enhanced in severe COVID-19. Our data suggest an association between disease severity and placental SARS-CoV-2 processing and antiviral pathways, implying a role for these proteins in placental response to SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2021
16. Interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling regulates adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
- Author
-
Gyamfi, Jones, Lee, Yun-Hee, Eom, Minseob, and Choi, Junjeong
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Assessment of chemo-mechanical impacts of CO2 sequestration on the caprock formation in Farnsworth oil field, Texas
- Author
-
Benjamin Adu-Gyamfi, William Ampomah, Jiawei Tu, Qian Sun, Samuel Erzuah, and Samuel Acheampong
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
This study evaluates the chemo-mechanical influence of injected CO2 on the Morrow B sandstone reservoir and the upper Morrow shale caprock utilizing data from the inverted 5-spot pattern centered on Well 13-10A within the Farnsworth unit (FWU). This study also seeks to evaluate the integrity of the caprock and the long-term CO2 storage capability of the FWU. The inverted 5-spot pattern was extracted from the field-scale model and tuned with the available field observed data before the modeling work. Two coupled numerical simulation models were utilized to continue the study. First, a coupled hydro-geochemical model was constructed to simulate the dissolution and precipitation of formation minerals by modeling three intra-aqueous and six mineral reactions. In addition, a coupled hydro-geomechanical model was constructed and employed to study the effects of stress changes on the caprock’s porosity, permeability, and ground displacement. The Mohr–Coulomb circle and failure envelope were used to determine caprock failure. In this work, the CO2-WAG injection is followed by the historical field-observed strategy. During the forecasting period, a Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection ratio of 1:3 was utilized with a baseline bottom-hole pressure constraint of 5500 psi for 20 years. A post-injection period of 1000 years was simulated to monitor the CO2 plume and its effects on the CO2 storage reservoir and caprock integrity. The simulation results indicated that the impacts of the geochemical reactions on the porosity of the caprock were insignificant as it experienced a decrease of about 0.0003% at the end of the 1000-year post-injection monitoring. On the other hand, the maximum stress-induced porosity change was about a 1.4% increase, resulting in about 4% in permeability change. It was estimated that about 3.3% of the sequestered CO2 in the formation interacted with the caprock. Despite these petrophysical property alterations and CO2 interactions in the caprock, the caprock still maintained its elastic properties and was determined to be far from its failure.
- Published
- 2022
18. Hematobiochemical variability and predictors of new-onset and persistent postpartum preeclampsia
- Author
-
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, Beatrice Amoah, John Jude Annan, Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi, and Evans Adu Asamaoh
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Pregnancy ,Case-Control Studies ,Postpartum Period ,Humans ,Female ,reproductive and urinary physiology - Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) can occur antepartum or postpartum. When it develops de novo after childbirth, it is termed new-onset postpartum PE (NOPPE). Often, antepartum PE disappears after childbirth; however, in some women it persists after childbirth. This form of PE is termed persistent PE (PPE). Thus, there are two forms of postpartum PE: NOPPE and PPE. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of these diseases have not been fully characterized, and whether NOPPE and PPE are different or similar pathological conditions remains unexplored. Thus, we aimed to compare the haematological and biochemical characteristics of NOPPE and PPE, predict the occurrence of new-onset PE and identify lifestyles that predispose women to postpartum PE. A total of 130 women comprising 65 normotensive postpartum women, 33 NOPPE and 32 PPE women were recruited for this hospital-based case–control study. The socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the participants were obtained through well-structured questionnaires. Haematological and biochemical indices were measured using automated analysers and ELISA. The prevalence of postpartum PE was 11.9%. Dyslipidaemia (p =
- Published
- 2021
19. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy human sources in community settings
- Author
-
Nana Adoma Nkansa-Gyamfi, Carolyn Alia Joko, Thomas Hambridge, Emmanuel Nji, Amma Larbi, Lois A. O. Damptey, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, La Thi Quynh Lien, Joseph Kazibwe, and Public Health
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cefotaxime ,Tetracycline ,medicine.drug_class ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,Antibiotics ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibiotic resistance ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Ampicillin ,Internal medicine ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Prevalence ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Symbiosis ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Trimethoprim ,Health policy ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Ciprofloxacin ,Streptomycin ,Medicine ,Bacterial infection ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis that requires urgent action to stop its spread. To counteract the spread of antibiotic resistance, we must improve our understanding of the origin and spread of resistant bacteria in both community and healthcare settings. Unfortunately, little attention is being given to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings (i.e., locations outside of a hospital inpatient, acute care setting, or a hospital clinic setting), despite some studies have consistently reported a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the community settings. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy humans in community settings in LMICs. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we synthesized studies conducted from 1989 to May 2020. A total of 9363 articles were obtained from the search and prevalence data were extracted from 33 articles and pooled together. This gave a pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance (top ten antibiotics commonly prescribed in LMICs) in commensal E. coli isolates from human sources in community settings in LMICs of: ampicillin (72% of 13,531 isolates, 95% CI: 65–79), cefotaxime (27% of 6700 isolates, 95% CI: 12–44), chloramphenicol (45% of 7012 isolates, 95% CI: 35–53), ciprofloxacin (17% of 10,618 isolates, 95% CI: 11–25), co-trimoxazole (63% of 10,561 isolates, 95% CI: 52–73), nalidixic acid (30% of 9819 isolates, 95% CI: 21–40), oxytetracycline (78% of 1451 isolates, 95% CI: 65–88), streptomycin (58% of 3831 isolates, 95% CI: 44–72), tetracycline (67% of 11,847 isolates, 95% CI: 59–74), and trimethoprim (67% of 3265 isolates, 95% CI: 59–75). Here, we provided an appraisal of the evidence of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance by commensal E. coli in community settings in LMICs. Our findings will have important ramifications for public health policy design to contain the spread of antibiotic resistance in community settings. Indeed, commensal E. coli is the main reservoir for spreading antibiotic resistance to other pathogenic enteric bacteria via mobile genetic elements.
- Published
- 2021
20. Placental response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Author
-
Mourad, Mirella, primary, Jacob, Taylor, additional, Sadovsky, Elena, additional, Bejerano, Shai, additional, Simone, Glicella Salazar-De, additional, Bagalkot, Tarique Rajasaheb, additional, Zucker, Jason, additional, Yin, Michael T., additional, Chang, Jennifer Y., additional, Liu, Lihong, additional, Debelenko, Larisa, additional, Shawber, Carrie J., additional, Firestein, Morgan, additional, Ouyang, Yingshi, additional, Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia, additional, Penn, Anna, additional, Sorkin, Alexander, additional, Wapner, Ronald, additional, and Sadovsky, Yoel, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Assessment of chemo-mechanical impacts of CO2 sequestration on the caprock formation in Farnsworth oil field, Texas.
- Author
-
Adu-Gyamfi, Benjamin, Ampomah, William, Tu, Jiawei, Sun, Qian, Erzuah, Samuel, and Acheampong, Samuel
- Subjects
- *
CAP rock , *OIL fields , *WATER-gas , *ELASTICITY , *POROSITY , *PERMEABILITY - Abstract
This study evaluates the chemo-mechanical influence of injected CO2 on the Morrow B sandstone reservoir and the upper Morrow shale caprock utilizing data from the inverted 5-spot pattern centered on Well 13-10A within the Farnsworth unit (FWU). This study also seeks to evaluate the integrity of the caprock and the long-term CO2 storage capability of the FWU. The inverted 5-spot pattern was extracted from the field-scale model and tuned with the available field observed data before the modeling work. Two coupled numerical simulation models were utilized to continue the study. First, a coupled hydro-geochemical model was constructed to simulate the dissolution and precipitation of formation minerals by modeling three intra-aqueous and six mineral reactions. In addition, a coupled hydro-geomechanical model was constructed and employed to study the effects of stress changes on the caprock's porosity, permeability, and ground displacement. The Mohr–Coulomb circle and failure envelope were used to determine caprock failure. In this work, the CO2-WAG injection is followed by the historical field-observed strategy. During the forecasting period, a Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection ratio of 1:3 was utilized with a baseline bottom-hole pressure constraint of 5500 psi for 20 years. A post-injection period of 1000 years was simulated to monitor the CO2 plume and its effects on the CO2 storage reservoir and caprock integrity. The simulation results indicated that the impacts of the geochemical reactions on the porosity of the caprock were insignificant as it experienced a decrease of about 0.0003% at the end of the 1000-year post-injection monitoring. On the other hand, the maximum stress-induced porosity change was about a 1.4% increase, resulting in about 4% in permeability change. It was estimated that about 3.3% of the sequestered CO2 in the formation interacted with the caprock. Despite these petrophysical property alterations and CO2 interactions in the caprock, the caprock still maintained its elastic properties and was determined to be far from its failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Author Correction: Interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling regulates adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
- Author
-
Junjeong Choi, Jones Gyamfi, Minseob Eom, and Yun Hee Lee
- Subjects
STAT3 Transcription Factor ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,lcsh:Medicine ,Breast Neoplasms ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Movement ,Adipocyte ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Paracrine Communication ,Adipocytes ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,STAT3 ,Interleukin 6 ,lcsh:Science ,Author Correction ,Cell Proliferation ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Interleukin-6 ,lcsh:R ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Signalling ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,Breast cancer cells - Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is a key regulators of tumour progression through the secretion of growth factors that activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Induction of EMT is a key step for transition from a benign state to a metastatic tumour. Adipose tissue forms a bulk portion of the breast cancer microenvironment, emerging evidence indicates the potential for adipocytes to influence tumour progression through the secretion of adipokines that can induce EMT. The molecular mechanisms underlying how adipocytes enhance breast cancer progression is largely unknown. We hypothesized that paracrine signalling by adipocytes can activate EMT and results in increased migration and invasion characteristics of breast cancer cells. We found that IL-6 secreted by adipocytes induce EMT in breast cancer cells. The effect of IL-6 expression on EMT is mediated through activation of the signal transducer and activated of transcription 3 (STAT3). Blocking of IL-6 signalling in breast cancer cells and adipocytes, decreased proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities and altered the expression of genes regulating EMT. Together, our results suggest that matured human adipocytes can enhance the aggressive behaviour of breast cancer cells and induce an EMT-phenotype through paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signalling.
- Published
- 2020
23. Niclosamide reverses adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells via suppression of the interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling axis
- Author
-
Yun Hee Lee, Jones Gyamfi, Junjeong Choi, and Byung Soh Min
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,STAT3 Transcription Factor ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Breast Neoplasms ,Article ,Metastasis ,Focal adhesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paracrine signalling ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Adipocytes ,Humans ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Interleukin 6 ,lcsh:Science ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Niclosamide ,Cells, Cultured ,Anthelmintics ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Molecular medicine ,Chemistry ,Interleukin-6 ,lcsh:R ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,MCF-7 Cells ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The microenvironment of breast cancer comprises predominantly of adipocytes. Adipocytes drive cancer progression through the secretion adipocytokines. Adipocytes induce epithelial mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through paracrine IL-6/Stat3 signalling. Treatment approaches that can target adipocytes in the microenvironment and abrogate paracrine signals that drive breast cancer growth and metastasis are urgently needed. Repositioning of old drugs has become an effective approach for discovering new cancer drugs. In this study, niclosamide, an FDA approved anthelminthic drug was evaluated for its anti-breast cancer activity and its ability to inhibit adipocytes induced EMT. Niclosamide potently inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion at low concentration and induced significant apoptosis at high concentrations in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7. Additionally, niclosamide reversed adipocyte-induced EMT with a correlated inhibition of IL-6/Stat3 activation and downregulation of EMT-TFs TWIST and SNAIL. Moreover, niclosamide markedly impaired MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 migration and invasion. We further found that the inhibitory effects of niclosamide on MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 motility was closely related to destabilization of focal adhesion complex formation. With decreased co-localization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated paxillin (pPAX). Collectively, these results demonstrate that niclosamide could be used to inhibit adipocyte-induced breast cancer growth and metastasis.
- Published
- 2019
24. Interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling regulates adipocyte induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
- Author
-
Junjeong Choi, Jones Gyamfi, Yun Hee Lee, and Minseob Eom
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Paracrine Communication ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paracrine signalling ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Adipocyte ,medicine ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Interleukin 6 ,STAT3 ,Tumor microenvironment ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,embryonic structures ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Medicine - Abstract
The tumour microenvironment is a key regulators of tumour progression through the secretion of growth factors that activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Induction of EMT is a key step for transition from a benign state to a metastatic tumour. Adipose tissue forms a bulk portion of the breast cancer microenvironment, emerging evidence indicates the potential for adipocytes to influence tumour progression through the secretion of adipokines that can induce EMT. The molecular mechanisms underlying how adipocytes enhance breast cancer progression is largely unknown. We hypothesized that paracrine signalling by adipocytes can activate EMT and results in increased migration and invasion characteristics of breast cancer cells. We found that IL-6 secreted by adipocytes induce EMT in breast cancer cells. The effect of IL-6 expression on EMT is mediated through activation of the signal transducer and activated of transcription 3 (STAT3). Blocking of IL-6 signalling in breast cancer cells and adipocytes, decreased proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities and altered the expression of genes regulating EMT. Together, our results suggest that matured human adipocytes can enhance the aggressive behaviour of breast cancer cells and induce an EMT-phenotype through paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signalling.
- Published
- 2018
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