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17. Participation of the protein G-omicron in multiple aspects of behavior in C. elegans

Author

Mendel, Jane E., Korswagen, Hendrik C., Liu, Katharine S., Hajdu-Cronin, Yvonne M., Simon, Melvin I., Plasterk, Ronald H.A., and Sternberg, Paul W.

Subjects
Caenorhabditis elegans -- Behavior -- Physiological aspects, G proteins -- Physiological aspects, Science and technology, Physiological aspects, Behavior
Abstract

The goa-1 gene encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) [G.sub.o] from Caenorhabditis elegans is expressed in most neurons, and in the muscles involved in egg laying and male mating. Reduction-of-function mutations in goa-1 caused a variety of behavioral defects including hyperactive movement, premature egg laying, and male impotence. Expression of the activated [G.sub.o] alpha subunit [Gα.sub.o]) in transgenic nematodes resulted in lethargic movement, delayed egg laying, and [reduced mating efficiency. Induced expression of activated [Gα.sub.o] in adults was sufficient to cause these phenotypes, indicating that [Gα.sub.o] mediates behavior through its role in neuronal function and the functioning of specialized muscles., The heterotrimeric G protein [G.sub.o] is abundantly expressed in mammalian and insect neurons and growth cones, suggesting that it is important for both neuronal development and function (1). Although G. [...]

Published
1995

21. The Sequence of the Human Genome

Author

Venter, J. Craig, Adams, Mark D., Myers, Eugene W., Li, Peter W., Mural, Richard J., Sutton, Granger G., Smith, Hamilton O., Yandell, Mark, Evans, Cheryl A., Holt, Robert A., Gocayne, Jeannine D., Amanatides, Peter, Ballew, Richard M., Huson, Daniel H., Wortman, Jennifer Russo, Zhang, Qing, Kodira, Chinnappa D., Zheng, Xiangqun H., Chen, Lin, Skupski, Marian, Subramanian, Gangadharan, Thomas, Paul D., Zhang, Jinghui, Miklos, George L. Gabor, Nelson, Catherine, Broder, Samuel, Clark, Andrew G., Nadeau, Joe, McKusick, Victor A., Zinder, Norton, Levine, Arnold J., Roberts, Richard J., Simon, Melvin, Slayman, Carolyn, Hunkapiller, Michael, Bolanos, Randall, Delcher, Arthur, Dew, Ian, Fasulo, Daniel, Flanigan, Michael, Florea, Liliana, Halpern, Aaron, Hannenhalli, Sridhar, Kravitz, Saul, Levy, Samuel, Mobarry, Clark, Reinert, Knut, Remington, Karin, Abu-Threideh, Jane, Beasley, Ellen, Biddick, Kendra, Bonazzi, Vivien, Brandon, Rhonda, Cargill, Michele, Chandramouliswaran, Ishwar, Charlab, Rosane, Chaturvedi, Kabir, Deng, Zuoming, Di Francesco, Valentina, Dunn, Patrick, Eilbeck, Karen, Evangelista, Carlos, Gabrielian, Andrei E., Gan, Weiniu, Ge, Wangmao, Gong, Fangcheng, Gu, Zhiping, Guan, Ping, Heiman, Thomas J., Higgins, Maureen E., Ji, Rui-Ru, Ke, Zhaoxi, Ketchum, Karen A., Lai, Zhongwu, Lei, Yiding, Li, Zhenya, Li, Jiayin, Liang, Yong, Lin, Xiaoying, Lu, Fu, Merkulov, Gennady V., Milshina, Natalia, Moore, Helen M., Naik, Ashwinikumar K., Narayan, Vaibhav A., Neelam, Beena, Nusskern, Deborah, Rusch, Douglas B., Salzberg, Steven, Shao, Wei, Shue, Bixiong, Sun, Jingtao, Wang, Zhen Yuan, Wang, Aihui, Wang, Xin, Wang, Jian, Wei, Ming-Hui, Wides, Ron, Xiao, Chunlin, Yan, Chunhua, Yao, Alison, Ye, Jane, Zhan, Ming, Zhang, Weiqing, Zhang, Hongyu, Zhao, Qi, Zheng, Liansheng, Zhong, Fei, Zhong, Wenyan, Zhu, Shiaoping C., Zhao, Shaying, Gilbert, Dennis, Baumhueter, Suzanna, Spier, Gene, Carter, Christine, Cravchik, Anibal, Woodage, Trevor, Ali, Feroze, An, Huijin, Awe, Aderonke, Baldwin, Danita, Baden, Holly, Barnstead, Mary, Barrow, Ian, Beeson, Karen, Busam, Dana, Carver, Amy, Center, Angela, Cheng, Ming Lai, Curry, Liz, Danaher, Steve, Davenport, Lionel, Desilets, Raymond, Dietz, Susanne, Dodson, Kristina, Doup, Lisa, Ferriera, Steven, Garg, Neha, Gluecksmann, Andres, Hart, Brit, Haynes, Jason, Haynes, Charles, Heiner, Cheryl, Hladun, Suzanne, Hostin, Damon, Houck, Jarrett, Howland, Timothy, Ibegwam, Chinyere, Johnson, Jeffery, Kalush, Francis, Kline, Lesley, Koduru, Shashi, Love, Amy, Mann, Felecia, May, David, McCawley, Steven, McIntosh, Tina, McMullen, Ivy, Moy, Mee, Moy, Linda, Murphy, Brian, Nelson, Keith, Pfannkoch, Cynthia, Pratts, Eric, Puri, Vinita, Qureshi, Hina, Reardon, Matthew, Rodriguez, Robert, Rogers, Yu-Hui, Romblad, Deanna, Ruhfel, Bob, Scott, Richard, Sitter, Cynthia, Smallwood, Michelle, Stewart, Erin, Strong, Renee, Suh, Ellen, Thomas, Reginald, Tint, Ni Ni, Tse, Sukyee, Vech, Claire, Wang, Gary, Wetter, Jeremy, Williams, Sherita, Williams, Monica, Windsor, Sandra, Winn-Deen, Emily, Wolfe, Keriellen, Zaveri, Jayshree, Zaveri, Karena, Abril, Josep F., Guigo, Roderic, Campbell, Michael J., Sjolander, Kimmen V., Karlak, Brian, Kejariwal, Anish, Mi, Huaiyu, Lazareva, Betty, Hatton, Thomas, Narechania, Apurva, Diemer, Karen, Muruganujan, Anushya, Guo, Nan, Sato, Shinji, Bafna, Vineet, Istrail, Sorin, Lippert, Ross, Schwartz, Russell, Walenz, Brian, Yooseph, Shibu, Allen, David, Basu, Anand, Baxendale, James, Blick, Louis, Caminha, Marcelo, Carnes-Stine, John, Caulk, Parris, Chiang, Yen-Hui, Coyne, My, Dahlke, Carl, Mays, Anne Deslattes, Dombroski, Maria, Donnelly, Michael, Ely, Dale, Esparham, Shiva, Fosler, Carl, Gire, Harold, Glanowski, Stephen, Glasser, Kenneth, Glodek, Anna, Gorokhov, Mark, Graham, Ken, Gropman, Barry, Harris, Michael, Heil, Jeremy, Henderson, Scott, Hoover, Jeffrey, Jennings, Donald, Jordan, Catherine, Jordan, James, Kasha, John, Kagan, Leonid, Kraft, Cheryl, Levitsky, Alexander, Lewis, Mark, Liu, Xiangjun, Lopez, John, Ma, Daniel, Majoros, William, McDaniel, Joe, Murphy, Sean, Newman, Matthew, Nguyen, Trung, Nguyen, Ngoc, Nodell, Marc, Pan, Sue, Peck, Jim, Peterson, Marshall, Rowe, William, Sanders, Robert, Scott, John, Simpson, Michael, Smith, Thomas, Sprague, Arlan, Stockwell, Timothy, Turner, Russell, Venter, Eli, Wang, Mei, Wen, Meiyuan, Wu, David, Wu, Mitchell, Xia, Ashley, Zandieh, Ali, and Zhu, Xiaohong

Subjects
Human genetics -- Research, Chromosome mapping -- Research, Science and technology, Research
Abstract

A 2.91-billion base pair (bp) consensus sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome was generated by the whole-genome shotgun sequencing method. The 14.8-billion bp DNA sequence was generated over 9 months from 27,271,853 high-quality sequence reads (5.11-fold coverage of the genome) from both ends of plasmid clones made from the DNA of five individuals. Two assembly strategies--a whole-genome assembly and a regional chromosome assembly--were used, each combining sequence data from Celera and the publicly funded genome effort. The public data were shredded into 550-bp segments to create a 2.9-fold coverage of those genome regions that had been sequenced, without including biases inherent in the cloning and assembly procedure used by the publicly funded group. This brought the effective coverage in the assemblies to eightfold, reducing the number and size of gaps in the final assembly over what would be obtained with 5.11-fold coverage. The two assembly strategies yielded very similar results that largely agree with independent mapping data. The assemblies effectively cover the euchromatic regions of the human chromosomes. More than 90% of the genome is in scaffold assemblies of 100,000 bp or more, and 25% of the genome is in scaffolds of 10 million bp or larger. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed 26,588 protein-encoding transcripts for which there was strong corroborating evidence and an additional ~12,000 computationally derived genes with mouse matches or other weak supporting evidence. Although gene-dense clusters are obvious, almost haft the genes are dispersed in low G+C sequence separated by large tracts of apparently noncoding sequence. Only 1.1% of the genome is spanned by exons, whereas 24% is in introns, with 75% of the genome being intergenic DNA. Duplications of segmental blocks, ranging in size up to chromosomal lengths, are abundant throughout the genome and reveal a complex evolutionary history. Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems. DNA sequence comparisons between the consensus sequence and publicly funded genome data provided locations of 2.1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A random pair of human haploid genomes differed at a rate of 1 bp per 1250 on average, but there was marked heterogeneity in the level of polymorphism across the genome. Less than 1% of all SNPs resulted in variation in proteins, but the task of determining which SNPs have functional consequences remains an open challenge., Decoding of the DNA that constitutes the human genome has been widely anticipated for the contribution it will make toward understanding human evolution, the causation of disease, and the interplay [...]

Published
2001

22. An open letter to Elias Zerhouni

Author

Altman, Sidney, Bassler, Bonnie L., Beckwith, Jon, Belfort, Marlene, Berg, Howard C., Bloom, Barry, Brenchley, Jean E., Campbell, Allan, Collier, R. John, Connell, Nancy, Cozzarelli, Nicholas R., Craig, Nancy L., Darst, Seth, Ebright, Richard H., Elledge, Stephen J., Falkow, Stanley, Galan, Jorge E., Gottesman, Max, Gourse, Richard, Grindley, Nigel D.F., Gross, Carol A., Grossman, Alan, Hochschild, Ann, Howe, Martha, Hurwitz, Jerard, Isberg, Ralph R., Kaplan, Samuel, Kornberg, Arthur, Kustu, Sydney G., Landick, Robert C., Landy, Arthur, Levy, Stuart B., Losick, Richard, Long, Sharon R., Maloy, Stanley R., Mekalanos, John J., Neidhardt, Frederick C., Pace, Norman R., Ptashne, Mark, Roberts, Jeffrey W., Roth, John R., Rothman-Denes, Lucia B., Salyers, Abigail, Schaechter, Moselio, Shapiro, Lucy, Silhavy, Thomas J., Simon, Melvin I., Walker, Graham, Yanofsky, Charles, and Zinder, Norton

Subjects
Science and technology
Abstract

THE NIH PEER-REVIEW PROCESS AND NIH investments in research on microbial physiology, genetics, and pathogenesis have made possible remarkable advances in science and public health and have underpinned the development [...]

Published
2005

24. PNAS Paper: Rules and Standard Practice

Author

Abelson, John, Atkinson, Richard C., Davidson, Richard L., Dulbecco, Renato, Friedkin, Morris E., Palade, George E., Seegmiller, J. Edwin, Simon, Melvin I., and Steinberg, Daniel

Published
1990

27. PNASPaper: Rules and Standard Practice

Author

Abelson, John, primary, Atkinson, Richard C., additional, Davidson, Richard L., additional, Dulbecco, Renato, additional, Friedkin, Morris E., additional, Palade, George E., additional, Seegmiller, J. Edwin, additional, Simon, Melvin I., additional, and Steinberg, Daniel, additional

Published
1990
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