11 results
Search Results
2. O risco não percepcionado para as zonas costeiras da Europa: Os tsunamis e a vulnerabilidade de Cádis, Espanha
- Author
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Jörn Birkmann, Korinna von Teichman, Torsten Welle, Mauricio González, and Maitane Olabarrieta
- Subjects
Bay of Cadiz – Spain ,natural disasters ,natural risks ,rapid warning systems ,risk factors ,social vulnerability ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The development of appropriate risk and vulnerability reduction strategies to cope with tsunami risks is a major challenge for countries, regions, and cities exposed to potential tsunamis. European coastal cities such as Cadiz are exposed to tsunami risks. However, most official risk reduction strategies as well as the local population are not aware of the probability of such a phenomenon and the potential threat that tsunami waves could pose to their littoral. This paper outlines how tsunami risks, and particularly tsunami vulnerability, could be assessed and measured. To achieve this, a vulnerability assessment framework was applied focusing on the city of Cadiz as a case study in order to highlight the practical use and the challenges and gaps such an assessment has to deal with. The findings yield important information that could assist with the systematic improvement of societal response capacities of cities and their inhabitants to potential tsunami risks. Hazard and vulnerability maps were developed, and qualitative data was obtained through, for example, focused group discussions. The findings of the paper are based on research conducted within the framework of the European Commission funded project TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk and Strategies For the European Region), a project that aims to improve the understanding of tsunami processes in the Euro-Mediterranean region, to develop methods and tools to assess vulnerability and risk, and to identify strategies for the reduction of tsunami risks.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A vulnerabilidade social aos perigos naturais e tecnológicos em Portugal.
- Author
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Mendes, José Manuel, Tavares, Alexandre Oliveira, Cunha, Lúcio, and Freiria, Susana
- Subjects
RISK exposure ,NATURAL disasters ,TECHNOLOGICAL risk assessment ,POPULATION ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A ciência da vulnerabilidade: Modelos, métodos e indicadores.
- Author
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Cutter, Susan L.
- Subjects
RISK exposure ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,METHODOLOGY ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment ,SOCIAL sciences ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
5. Complexidade, processos de vulnerabilização e justiça ambiental: Um ensaio de epistemologia política.
- Author
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De Souza Porto, Marcelo Firpo
- Subjects
THEORY of knowledge ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice ,SOCIAL justice ,SOCIOLOGY of risk ,RISK exposure ,ENVIRONMENTAL disasters - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
6. Modelos de vulnerabilidade social a desastres.
- Author
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Alexander, David
- Subjects
L'AQUILA Earthquake, Italy, 2009 ,NATURAL disasters ,RISK assessment ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,SOCIAL factors - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
7. O risco não percepcionado para as zonas costeiras da Europa: Os tsunamis e a vulnerabilidade de Cádis, Espanha*
- Author
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Mauricio González, Torsten Welle, Korinna von Teichman, Jörn Birkmann, and Maitane Olabarrieta
- Subjects
catastrophes naturelles ,risques naturels ,natural risks ,vulnérabilité sociale ,Sistemas de Alerta Rápida ,rapid warning systems ,fatores de risco ,riscos naturais ,Baía de Cádis – Espanha ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,natural disasters ,Bay of Cadiz – Spain ,Systèmes d’Alerte Rapide ,risk factors ,lcsh:H1-99 ,vulnerabilidade social ,desastres naturais ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Baie de Cadix – Espagne ,social vulnerability ,facteurs de risque ,tsunamis - Abstract
O desenvolvimento de estratégias apropriadas de redução de riscos e de vulnerabilidades para lidar com os riscos de tsunamis é um desafio importante para países, regiões e cidades a eles expostos. Este artigo descreve a forma como os riscos da ocorrência de tsunamis e, em particular, a vulnerabilidade a esses riscos podem ser avaliados e medidos. Com este objectivo, aplicou‑se um quadro de avaliação de vulnerabilidade à cidade de Cádis, o estudo de caso, de modo a destacar o uso prático e os desafios e as lacunas com que uma avaliação deste tipo tem de lidar. Os resultados revelam informações importantes para a melhoria sistemática da capacidade de resposta societal das cidades e dos seus habitantes a riscos potenciais de tsunamis. Elaboraram‑se mapas de perigos e vulnerabilidades, assim como dados qualitativos obtidos, por exemplo, através de discussões de grupo. Estes mapas e inquéritos são fundamentais quando se destinam ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de alerta e resposta rápida centrado nas populações. As conclusões deste artigo têm por base investigação levada a cabo no quadro do projecto TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk and Strategies for the European Region), financiado pela Comissão Europeia, que tem por objectivo contribuir para melhorar o conhecimento dos processos envolvidos nos tsunamis na região Euro‑Mediterrânica, desenvolver métodos e ferramentas para avaliar a vulnerabilidade e o risco e identificar estratégias para a redução dos riscos de tsunami. The development of appropriate risk and vulnerability reduction strategies to cope with tsunami risks is a major challenge for countries, regions, and cities exposed to potential tsunamis. European coastal cities such as Cadiz are exposed to tsunami risks. However, most official risk reduction strategies as well as the local population are not aware of the probability of such a phenomenon and the potential threat that tsunami waves could pose to their littoral. This paper outlines how tsunami risks, and particularly tsunami vulnerability, could be assessed and measured. To achieve this, a vulnerability assessment framework was applied focusing on the city of Cadiz as a case study in order to highlight the practical use and the challenges and gaps such an assessment has to deal with. The findings yield important information that could assist with the systematic improvement of societal response capacities of cities and their inhabitants to potential tsunami risks. Hazard and vulnerability maps were developed, and qualitative data was obtained through, for example, focused group discussions. The findings of the paper are based on research conducted within the framework of the European Commission funded project TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk and Strategies For the European Region), a project that aims to improve the understanding of tsunami processes in the Euro-Mediterranean region, to develop methods and tools to assess vulnerability and risk, and to identify strategies for the reduction of tsunami risks. Le développement de stratégies appropriées de réduction des risques et des vulnérabilités pour faire face aux risques de tsunamis est un défi majeur pour les pays, régions et villes qui y sont exposés. Cet article décrit comment les risques de survenue de tsunamis et, en particulier, la vulnérabilité à ces risques peuvent être évalués et mesurés. Avec cet objectif en vue, nous avons appliqué un cadre d’évaluation de la vulnérabilité de la ville de Cadix, l’étude de cas, afin de mettre en évidence l’utilisation pratique et les défis et les lacunes avec lesquels une évaluation de ce type doit faire face. Les résultats révèlent d’importantes informations pour l’amélioration systématique de la capacité de réponse sociale des villes et de leurs habitants face à de potentiels risques de tsunamis. Des cartes des dangers et des vulnérabilités ont été élaborées, ainsi qu’obtenues des données qualitatives à travers, par exemple, de discussions de groupe. Ces cartes et ces enquêtes sont essentielles pour développer un système d’alerte et une intervention rapide centrés sur les populations. Les conclusions de cet article sont fondées sur des recherches effectuées au titre du projet TRANSFER (Tsunami Risk and Strategies for the European Region), financé par la Commission européenne, qui vise à contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des processus impliqués en cas de tsunamis dans la région euro-méditerranéenne, à développer des méthodes et des outils pour évaluer la vulnérabilité et le risque et à identifier des stratégies pour réduire les risques de tsunami.
- Published
- 2011
8. A ciência da vulnerabilidade: modelos, métodos e indicadores
- Author
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Susan L. Cutter
- Subjects
earthquakes ,factors of risk ,hurricane Katrina ,natural disasters ,social vulnerability ,sociology of risk ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Vulnerability science is the multi-disciplinary integration of social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering in understanding those circumstances that place people and places at risk from hazards and those factors that enhance or reduce the ability of the population, physical systems, or infrastructure to respond to and recover from environmental threats. To integrate the perspectives requires place-based analyses using geospatial tools and technologies. This paper describes tools and methods for measuring and mapping exposure (termed physical vulnerability); measuring and mapping the sensitivity of populations to hazards (termed social vulnerability); and the intersection of the two to create the place-based analyses. The intersection of physical vulnerability and social vulnerability creates the hazardscape, which in turn helps researchers understand the differential impacts of hazards and disasters on local places and the people who live there.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Modelos de vulnerabilidade social a desastres
- Author
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David Alexander
- Subjects
L’Aquila earthquake (2009) ,factors of risk ,natural disasters ,resilience ,social vulnerability ,sociology of risk ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper discusses the bases of theory in the evaluation of social vulnerability to disasters. Vulnerability is shown to be the vital component of risk and the principal element of disaster impacts. Perception is a key process in decision making in disasters. It is affected by culture and symbolism, which are analyzed in the context of disaster risk. A model of cultural metamorphosis is used to explain changes and discrepancies in attitudes to disaster and recovery processes. The response to the L’Aquila (central Italy) earthquake of 6 April 2009 is discussed as an illustration of processes of cultural metamorphosis and symbolic interpretation of disasters. The response was influenced by both modern and inherited cultural traits, which can be identified and analyzed in order to explain public reactions to the event. A new model is proposed in which culture and history combine with physical hazards to influence vulnerability.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Complexidade, processos de vulnerabilização e justiça ambiental: um ensaio de epistemologia política
- Author
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Marcelo Firpo de Souza Porto
- Subjects
complexity ,environmental justice ,epistemology ,post-normal science ,risk ,social vulnerability ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper, in the form of an essay, discusses the potentialities and limits of the concept of vulnerability concerning the integrated analysis of social and environmental problems. It focuses on two perspectives. The first one derives from post-normal science, considered as a new epistemological and methodological basis for the analysis and management of complex environmental problems. For this purpose, we analyze the concept of vulnerability within the context of four phenomenal worlds, each with increasing levels of complexity: the world of the physicalist sciences, the world of biological life, the world of life from the perspective of biomedicine and public health, and finally, the emerging and reflective human world. The second perspective includes contributions by authors involved in both theoretical discussion and activism related to environmental justice movements, especially within the Brazilian Network for Environmental Justice.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A vulnerabilidade social aos perigos naturais e tecnológicos em Portugal
- Author
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José Manuel Mendes, Alexandre Oliveira Tavares, Lúcio Cunha, and Susana Freiria
- Subjects
natural disasters ,evaluation scales ,factors of risk ,resilience ,natural and technological hazards ,social vulnerability ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper presents a new model of analysis of social vulnerability to natural and technological hazards. The index used in this analysis allows us to structure vulnerability assessment in two dimensions: the vulnerabilities of populations and communities (criticality), and territorial vulnerability (support capacity), which reflect the biophysical exposure or vulnerability, social resilience, and infrastructural support capacity. This new social vulnerability index is applied within the territorial system of mainland Portugal, based on the municipal and sub-municipal scale, considering the social resilience of individuals, groups, and communities to extreme events.The obtained results highlight the decisive role of the used scale in the analysis of processes related to social vulnerability. We suggest that mapping the more vulnerable areas and groups, as well as identifying triggering factors, can be a relevant contribution for land-use development and planning programs designed to mitigate territorial risks and vulnerabilities.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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