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This paper is aimed at proposing a methodology for a textual analysis of abstracts translation of scientific papers published in the Journal of Agricultural Technical Sciences. The most frequent difficulties in the writing and translation of those abstracts were analyzed. Professionals and investigators' linguistic and communicative needs in the field of Agricultural Engineering were identified too. Researchers and/or professionals can send their papers by email from different places. It is hard to design a training plan for them in which translation, style and writing aspects can be included but it is really important to train these researchers on these topics. The advance of new technologies and the mentioned methodology as digital tools facilitate the comprehension of sources written in a foreign language as well as improve the quality of scientific papers published in the Journal of Agricultural Technical Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of knowing the mechanical response of the soil as one of the variables to be taken into account in the design of implements and machines capable of preserving the physical qualities of the soil, several constitutive models have been developed that represent the soil as a non-linear material elastic or elastoplastic. The objective of this paper was to analyze the current state of the constitutive models used in the modeling of agricultural soils in order to define which of them is the most adequate to simulate the mechanical response of agricultural soils with clay texture (Oxisol, Inceptisol and Vertisol). Constitutive models that are used in the simulation of the mechanical response of agricultural soils by means of the finite element method are analyzed critically, taking into account the properties and parameters of input, determination of these and their implementation in the softwares for simulation using the finite element method. Finally, it is concluded that the Drucker Prager Extended model as the most adequate to simulate the mechanical response of an Oxisol, prioritizing in this decision its simplicity, convenience when determining its parameters, accuracy in estimating the stress-strain relationship of the soil, and inclusion in most commercial software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the results of diagnosing the current situation of agricultural mechanization in four communities of Manabí Province in Ecuador. The methodology used in this research was based on field work. The main tool was a survey with quantitative and qualitative questions, which was applied to 239 inhabitants of four communities Bonce, El Beldaco, Mapasingue and Santa Martha, located in the Valley of Portoviejo River and that are close to the geographical boundary between the cantons of Santa Ana and Portoviejo. The results showed that agricultural areas are mechanized on an average of 39.8%. Only the soil preparation operation is mechanized, using for this purpose mainly the tractors rented to private companies (more than 60%) and very few to community associations (2%). The average surface indicator used by a tractor is 48.8 ha/tractor, in machining index is on average 2.28 hp/ha, which is high compared to the recommended 1 hp/ha (Gaytán, 2007, quoted by Sánchez-Hernández et al, 2014). High level of mechanization is due to the use of tractors with higher power than necessary, according to the surface worked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the scientific problem stated on this paper, related to the insufficiency of Agricultural Engineering graduates, the main objective is the pedagogical educative process and the professional education model of this career in the University of Ciego de Avila. There is a study plan which includes the basic and pre-professional levels by means of term papers and disciplines, as well as thesis in the professional level. This is carried out by means of the technological processes in the different engineering systems. This professional education model gives a practical significance to the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The areas under irrigation in the country show poor levels of production and are far of reaching the half of potential. This paper is aiming at analyzing different factors that influenced the irrigation systems in a zone, the paper also takes into account surveys, observations and measurements of the exploitation parameters in several Cuban agricultural enterprises, features that allow to measure the organization, operation and efficiency of irrigation techniques, the availability of the machinery, workshop and material resources, as well as the agriculture techniques applied, among others. Besides it shows a model of an organizative structure that guarantee an efficient and sustainable exploitation of the irrigated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about an experience carried out at the Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH) and in some municipal university seats (SUM) that belong to our university aimed at using some alternative didactic resources which help the students to motivate themselves towards learning mathematics in some agrarian engineering careers and in industrial engineering that is being taught in those SUM. A generalization of this experience in « Antillana de Acero» university seat that belongs to « José Antonio Echeverría» Polytechnic Superior Institute (ISPJAE) also appears in the paper. An instrument was applied to know the students' opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained using a mathematical model, to simulate different situations plugging on issuers irrigation systems micoirrigación in the cultivation of guava in two subunits irrigation the UBPC the Tezón in Ciego de Avila province. The model is that the uniformity of the emitter flow is affected by the hydraulic factor, manufacturing and plugging. For the preparation of the experimental data obtained with the implementation of these procedures has been developed a computational tool using an Excel 2007 worksheet that allows quickly and with a wide margin of safety obtain fundamental results of these calculations. The aim of this work is to simulate seals issuers using mathematical modeling in micro irrigation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In last years, many organizations have been given the task of collecting geographic information, which can be used in different contexts for different purposes. Consequently, locating this information becomes a priority for users who need to access it. In this paper a recovery system that manipulates spatial relations between geographic objects is presented. This proposal introduces of novel way the spatial relations to determinate semantic similarity between concepts to solve geospatial queries combining textual and spatial aspects. Another important feature of this system is to present the results in a friendly way, allowing navigate the mapping provided by the system. The indexed information can be easily accessed by users and displayed in a clear and organized to support decision-making way. This tool can be used for both characterization and geospatial location of the soil, as for the management of agricultural soils in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the methodology for determining the unit cost of the use of machinery for conservation in the Irrigation Districts. The unit cost allows establishing the shares for customer in the recovering of water resources. This cost is related to the operation, management and conservation of the various works and infrastructure such as cleaning, weeding, dredging, tracking dirty roads, repair of locks, etc., and that most of the time are made with heavy machinery mainly including backhoes, excavators, bulldozers, tractors, etc. The methodology was applied to the Irrigation District 100 Alfajayucan, Hidalgo, México. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In different areas of Mechanical Engineering: agricultural, industrial, automotive, electrical, administrative, mechatronics, mining, hydraulics, health area, etc., most machines have hoses. The industry specialized in its design and construction undergo a great challenge and each day devoted efforts to improve the production process of hoses, made from plastic to manufactured metal or other materials. In order that these materials have greater stiffness and strength (ability to withstand high loads without being deformed or destroyed), the raw material used is composed of the union of two types of materials, which include: polyamide, steel cords, fibers of different materials, rubber, among others. According to its destination, some materials of different types are winded in rolls to let them ready for the manufacturing process. Different problems are presented: 1- At the time of separating the raw material of the coating provided by the supplier, in most cases the machine does not generate the proper torque, which causes to tear the film and this can not be used; 2 - No proper tension on the roll is achieved, causing that the cut is not uniform at all points; 3 -The blades used for cutting do not have enough edge, nor are positioned at the correct angle; is difficult to remove the material from the tube due to the difference of tensions in the branches of the drive pulley. The methodology used to calculate and select the drives and power inverters is established on the principles of engineering. In this paper is proposed the improvements in the design of the machine for winding materials for the manufacture of industrial hoses, the modifying of the machine, and is automated the winding process: one main 5 hp engine and a secondary 0.5 hp, a speed variator, two encoders and one PLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to present how in the Environments of Personalized Learning for the careers of agricultural profile the information can be recovered by the application of the techniques of Mining of Processes. It is started from the identification of common aspects among the concept of unit of learning of the standard IMS-LD, the pattern of data XES and social graph ontology. Are show up the main advances in the area of the Environments of Personalized Learning as well as some elements of the didactics that base the learning in systems centered in the student. Are described some concepts defined in the ontology, which can be used to develop computer systems that support those scenarios. The vocabulary was defined reutilizing FOAF and the OpenSocial specifications. By means of the concept of Activity defined in the ontology and of their relationships, are represented the events of the social nets as those that compose a unit of learning compatible with IMS-LD. It is explained how managing the similarity among the concepts defined in IMS-LD and the pattern of XES data is possible to apply the techniques of the Mining of Processes to discover learning models, patterns of activities and to carry out social mining. By way of example it is shown how in a learning unit you can apply the technique of Alignment of Appearances to detect possible learning patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently available in public transportation the need to constantly replace brake Pasta factor mainly due to wear and for safety reasons. This paper proposes to create the basis for the overall design of a prototype machine capable of re- use and reduce the size of the brake pastas public transport that are out of use to be used as the main agent in a slurry. This paste is used as insulation material in construction, covering walls and ceilings, also in the development of solid base paving streets. To implement this proposal using the method of Bond blocks in order to estimate the initial size of the mill and the necessary power through the creation of a BM- Crush numerical program, thus avoiding pilots to build mills where this is possible. The main results obtained are the general methodology for calculating the mechanical power and the necessary dimensions of the mill based on any changes in the initial conditions of operation, as well as the distribution of the grinding media and their sizing. Critical velocity is estimated on this basis established the optimal speed at which to rotate the ball mill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper propose a theoretical model for determining the optimal moment to replace the kit of sprinkler irrigation and pressure regulators in a pivot. The model is based that the wear on the pressure regulators and nozzles make the decrease of the Irrigation Uniformity and this causes the yield loss. To compensate these losses an increase of irrigation depth is required to make up the deficit that occurs in areas of low delivery which generates in increased operating costs. Are considered in the model: costs for additional consumption of water and energy, maintenance and labor, and yield losses associated with areas with insufficient irrigation and over irrigation. The set of all these components is compared with the cost of the purchase and installation of a new sprinkler module, which allows the farmer to decide the right moment to make substitutions based on economic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide spraying by air-assisted sprayers bases its efficiency in air flow, which carries the pesticide to the tree, keeping in mind that it carries out its work in different environmental management systems and wind speed. In this work the interaction of the wind speed and direction were studied with the air flow through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Sprayers normally work in environmental conditions where the wind speed reaches up to 5 m⋅s-1, ant the knowledge of the aerodynamics of the airflow will provide elements for proper regulation of these in different working conditions. This paper show an analysis of the aerodynamics of the airflow before entering the spray to the foliage of the plant for wind speeds of 0, 1, 3 and 5 m⋅s-1 and wind directions at angles of 45°, 90°, 135° and 180°. The velocity distribution of the air spray TEYME ASS-800 model used in orchards is taken as experimental model. The work was done in a horizontal plane passing through the center of the fan to define the variation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the air flow produced by the fan. Both the speed and direction of wind changed the flow to the center of the wind direction and the maximum flow rate decreased with increasing wind speed of 38.6 to 34.3 m⋅s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present paper was determining the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) for development phases of the coffee (Coffea arabica, L) variety Red Caturra of 12 years old, irrigated with surface drip irrigation system. The experiment was carried out in San Andrés region, Pinar del Río province, during four years on a Yellow alític soil of typical high loamy activity. The ETc was determined starting from soil water balance until 60 cm depth and the Kc divided into ETc of the irrigated plants all the year when the humidity descended until 85% of the soil Field Capacity and the Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) of the area. As a result, it was obtained that the highest water demand is produced in the flowering-fructification phase, the annual daily evapotranspiration average was 3.24 mm⋅day-1 and the global crop coefficient 0.86. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is required of methods to evaluate water productivity for the best economic and social use of it, in order to make better decisions as for political and strategies of use in a sustainable way. Water irrigation user need to identify tendencies in the use patterns and levels of efficiency with a view to state goals and to improve the productivity for unit of used volume and/or consumed. The objective of this paper was to present the indicators of water productivity of 17 crops starting from the information obtained in more than 100 field experiments available in the database on water requirements of the Research Institute on Agricultural Engineering (IAgric). The maximum and minimum yields and their respective values of consumption, irrigation water applied and the irrigation water productivity for these crops were determined. Cultivations like the beans, corn, sweet potato and bananas obtain superior yield increments to 100% when the required water is applied to satisfy its water requirement, while cassava obtained values smaller than 50%. The high values obtained of productivity based on the irrigation water applied are not a good indicator of the efficient use of the water for the plants for the conditions of the study area, where they are informed for the analyzed years, percentages of profitable rain of until 41%, replacing this an important part of the needs of the agricultural crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of indexes to value the water quality facilitates its communication and understanding by specialists and public in general. One of the mostusedis the index proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment(known as CCME_WQI) for its flexibility in the selection of the variables to be considered. In this paper the CCME_WQI was used to evaluate the water quality for irrigation of superficial and groundwater sources of Naranjoriver watershed, Las Tunas province, Cuba. FAO directives and recommendations of the Institute of Agricultural Engineering of Cuba were used to define the desirable values. The results show that the waters are classified as Poor for irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the application of blurred or diffuse logic, to identify the types of soils most affected in an agro-system, by the Central Mechanism of Soil's Overuse Syndrome, taking as a case study: the presence of the syndrome symptoms and the degree in which they affect the agro-system: Finca "La Esperanza", in the province of Camagüey, where the Big6 model was used. Besides, twelve types of soils are identified, which are the most affected by the aforementioned syndrome and symptoms with far-reaching effect on these soils. The rigorous execution of the different steps of the applied blurred method admitted having selected the most affected soils by the twelve signs of the Central Mechanism of Soil's Overuse Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of self-evaluation in the Angolan higher education institutions is in its initial phase of structuring. Certain autonomy to define their evaluation stage according to their organizational specificities, as long as that competence should be exercised without excluding the reference patterns of the national, regional and international system of evaluation. For such a reason, the present paper proposes a system of variables and indicators for the institutional self-evaluation of the university processes of the Higher Polytechnic Institute of Kwanza Sul, resulting from the documental analysis, the theoretical triangulation and the valuation of the members of the Scientific Council of the Higher Polytechnic Institute of Kwanza Sul, as well as of the executives of the Ministry of Higher Education of the Republic of Angola, by means of the method of group discussion or focal group. It was composed by 8 variables and 21 indicators characterized by a systemic, holistic and contextual approach that contributes to the continuous and systematic improvement of the Higher Education of the Republic of Angola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

King Grass production as food for livestock is a priority of the Cuban agriculture at present. Among clones to be developed, the Pennisetum Cuba CT -169 requires a technological package that includes the use of fertilizers and water for an appropriate development of the crop with productions that satisfy requirements of more than 20 animals. The objective of this paper are to determine the productive potential of the forage, to evaluate the number of animals which are able to keep King Grass production with the application of water through stationary and semi-stationary sprinkling irrigation systems in small areas of cooperatives. This low intensity irrigation technique has been selected for delivering irrigation standard to the crop during its vegetative cycle with an irrigation interval of 7 to 10 days allowing cuts to the King Grass starting from 45 days. The irrigation systems designed for 1 ha, response to the outlined needs and the production of them has as premise that the pieces and parts of stationary semi systems contain 76% of components of national production, while the stationary ones only have 40%. The efficiency of water application is evaluated in both cases; as well as yields of green. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refers to the results of the determination of the physical-mechanical properties on the sugar cane process juice extraction for the panela production. By means of compression test obtain the coefficients of lateral expansion strength and plasticity. These are obtained in function of the different geometric biological places and diameters on the cane stalks for three cane varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained from the aspects related to management and operation of Microirrigation systems. The procedures developed by Merriam and Keller (2002) have been applied. This procedure consists of selecting irrigation units representing all irrigation systems, evaluating the uniformity of water distribution and other management parameters. For the preparation of the experimental data obtained with the implementation of these procedures, a computational tool using an Excel 2007 spreadsheet has been developed. This tool enables to obtain the fundamental results of these calculations quickly and with a large margin of safety. The objective of this study is to evaluate the management parameters of microirrigation systems by Merriam and Keller's criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive corn production in semiarid areas is mainly based on water and nitrogen fertilization in order to increase the income for producers and to reduce the pollution of the waters which belong to agricultural areas. This paper is aimed at determining the water use efficiency and the optimal dose of nitrogen through the use of four doses of nitrogen in corn. The experiment was carried out in Sinaloa, Mexico. The experimental design was a randomize block with four repetitions. There were several treatments as control (0), 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg of N·ha-1. The evaluated variables were water use efficiency (WUE), harvest index (HI), and grain yield. In doses of 300 kg and 450kg of N·ha-1 there was a positive effect as to WUE, HI and grain yield. The optimal dose of N was 477 kg N·ha-1, which caused a maximum yield of 9, 89 Mg·ha-11. The optimal economic dose was 341 kg N·ha-1, with a yield of 9, 44 Mg·ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected crops consist of the use of the so called "tropical greenhouses" that allow the production of vegetables during the whole year, mainly in the hottest months. This productive system is important, because is aimed to guarantee the supply of fresh vegetables of great quality for export, tourism and population. Today, protected crops are recognized in the world as an advanced agricultural technology. It's a relative new system, and being its characteristics are different from the production in open areas, there are no suitable implements, machines and technologies in Cuba to perform cropping activities due to the widely use of tractors of medium and high power. The objective of this paper is to determine the fulfillment of technical and agro technical requirements, including economical-managing and technological indicators of low power tractors to develop different labors such as deep tillage, ploughing, clods crushing, crossing, and soil bed forming. The experimental area chosen for this research was a covered cropping installation model BK-2 widely used in Cuba, and as an energetic source were used the Carraro and MTZ-321 tractors. The house was designed to get yields of approximately 60 ton/ha of vegetables and consists of tunnel's modules of 540 m² placed in 1 ha with the objective of making a better management of the irrigation system, machinery and electric power. A methodology was prepared for the experiment, based in the Technical normative for this kind of research. The tractors used were the non-articulated ones and for they was calculated a strip for turn off of 3,84 to 4,96 m, needed in the covered cropping houses. As results was determined that the productivity obtained by both tractors are similar with the implements used. There are no important differences between the annual labor expenses, but as regard as the transferred expenses the MTZ-321 exceed the Carraro in 33% to 50%, due to higher fuel consumption. All of them fulfilled the agrotechnical exigencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper me propose the use of a three dimensional virtual environment (EV3D) in the Technical Sciences Faculty of the Agrarian University of Habana, Where you can organize better the information about 3D models created by students, professors and researchers, and also avoiding the loss of this information, too. It explains the main and greatest demand functions by users of EV3D as texture, color and transparency, to customize each model according the use the will make of themin the teaching learning process on research. In this article it can show the easy use that can be made by the uses to apply the EV3D in the different subjectsin Agricultural Engineering and the facilities of management that gives the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper is shownen an study about the different substances that exhaust the motors Diesel, the factors that increase the different levels of atmospheric contamination and the influence of the filters in the engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about a study to obtain biocide extract from the leanes of Lonchocarpus nicou. The phytochemical study reveals the presence of flavonoids, saponins, coumarins and others in the various extracts analyzed as well as in root barbasco leaf. The determining factors such as temperature, time, agitation speed and drying method significantly influence the production of secondary metabolites. Toxicity testing is done to the product in the laboratory with Anopheles sp larvae, assessing the percentage of mortality. A procedure for obtaining the extract from barbasco foliage is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last two decades have been expressing a clear trend in the development of hypermedia systems in the digital space known as internet. The content developed for deployment in this environment are an interwoven network of nodes linked by both form and content, giving particular relevance to those systems focused on multimedia content delivery such as video on demand, paving the way for hypervideo resources as one of the emerging web 2.0 and are transforming the way we distribute the media. This trend is also manifested in the development of educational resources, keeping in mind issues such as reuse and interoperability that necessarily in the paradigm of learning objects and the design of these repositories as one of the major technopedagogics solutions late twentieth century and so far this century. This paper proposes a system for automatically generating hypervideo based learning objects that help enrich, between teachers and students of Agricultural Engineering of the Agrarian University of Havana (UNAH), to experience the teaching-learning process mediated by technology, forming professionals with skills in the use of ICT. This is the first experience related to automatically generating hypervideo based learning object repositories, and is implemented in the virtual campus of the Agrarian University of Havana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we show a group of real examples from various agricultural research, with the goal of exposing the use of mathematical tools applied to them. Also highlights the fundamental basic problems that arise in the agricultural sciences, which can be solved using the tools of Applied Mathematics and existing software according to the complexities of the problem at hand. Finally, are some of the models that most often occur in the various disciplines of agricultural specialties and the basic core of mathematics that can be applied in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays it is necessary to have sound knowledge in the use of advanced statistical methods due to their leading role in research. In spite of all this, as a whole there are difficulties in learning this subject internationally, and there is lack of a good preparation in Statistics of professionals from other fields. The aim of this paper is to show the new strategies carried out by groups of experts in biometrics, in order to raise the quality of the teaching learning process of Statistics in undergraduate and postgraduate courses at Latin American universities; as well as to show some ways to strengthen the upgrading of human resources in developing teaching and research. The information has been processed from several projects: “Tengo unos datos Que puedo hacer?” still at the University of Granada since 2005; “Metodos y Modelacion Estadestico-Matematico de procesos Biologicos” carried out in Cuba and “Estadistica Aplicada y su contribución a la docencia, investigación y transferencia de conocimiento” developed by Cuba and Argentina (2006-2009) approved by Fondo Argentino de Cooperacion Horizontal (FOAR). The results have been applied in undergraduate courses and postgraduate upgrading at higher education institutions and they are potentially transferred to other universities in Cuba and Latin America. The group of experts in biometrics has been working for more than 20 years, solving problems in university teaching and scientific research in the agricultural sector, responding to the policies and strategic lines of development of the three participant countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study of the state of stress-strain Analysis of shredder grinder parallelogram mechanism for Cuban sugar cane harvester CCA-5000. Was used the curve of variation of the extreme loads acting on the shredder, from experimental evaluation of the harvester model KTP-2M with the strain gauge over an obstacle, where dynamic coefficients that occur in the center of mass of this body were determined. Was used the Finite Element Method and through linear dynamic analysis was determined the causes of the plastic deformations appeared in the lower tube of shredder parallelogram mechanism in harvesting testing of the new harvester to be tensions 219.3 MPa in the same, being the elastic limit of the steel used 220 MPa. It checks the amendments made to the structure, giving a safety factor of 1.36 for the new model with a rectangular section lower tube, which ensures a reliable behavior of the same during the occurrence of the extreme loads during machine work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture is a key state variable in the dynamics of dissimilar processes and natural phenomena. This, together with the development of new methods of estimation of this variable at different scales in space- time, has led to the use of assimilation techniques to improve their estimates. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential of such tools in the estimation of soil moisture profiles from the assimilation of surface moisture values in a simulation model. To this end is performed a synthetic study based on the use of Richards's equation for modeling the movement of water flow in the soil. The use of assimilation technique significantly reduces the error estimated profiles with respect to the real ones, and with it avoiding the possible divergence of the solution. In particular the technique Kalman Filter assimilation obtained superior results, in less time, with respect to the technique of Direct Insertion assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology constitutes one of the strong points to guarantee the successful development of a country. Cuba, being a blockaded country, with financial limitations has not the access to the necessary technology to make its products competitive in the national and international market. The production of scales for the weighing of the cattle constitutes a need for the economy since it has undergone a remarkable damage. Cuba imports the components at very high prices and assembles them. By order of the Area of Livestock of the Ministry of Agriculture since 1998, the task of making electronic scales for the weighing of the cattle was assigned. It is conservatively estimated a national demand of no less than a thousand necessary units to satisfy the need of the genetic enterprises of the country. CEMA worked in the production of several types of scales, which hugely satisfies the national demand. This paper aims at carrying out a research on marketing for the trading of the CEMA TED-1000 V type of scale for the weighing of the cattle. This allows proving that its production is secure for the country, and therefore it is recommended its trading after the approval of the necessary financing for its extension, according to the national demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses the level of uncertainty in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration in Cuba, by quantifying the errors propagated in numerical models and spatial interpolation using stochastic and probabilistic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refers to the results of the compression process on the sugar cane juice extraction for the panela production. Such compression process was tested on three different areas by using a universal test machine. Load values depend on the sugar deformation. The different process stages are identified and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management and accessibility to information on water regime of the main agricultural crops is of great economic and social impact since it allows the definition of the role of water yield and water productivity as efficient tools in the planning, design and operation of supply water to crops. This paper is aimed at obtaining from the collection and tabulation of experimental results available at the IAgric, a database on water requirements of some crops of agricultural interest. The database includes the experimental data from 1971 to 2009, more than 22 crops, five soil types, different irrigation techniques and a wide range of irrigation treatments. And the variables: evaporation, water consumption, yields, amounts of irrigations, water applied per irrigation, rainfall reported, usable rain. This database will determine later in crops of interest potential production, agricultural productivity and water yield response factor as an expression of water-yield performance, contributing to the development of strategies that respond to problem of water scarcity and food security to a lower environmental cost. The database will be placed IAgric website as part of the Advising Irrigator System all interest for users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is on a mathematical model to determine the main parameters in the sugar cane juice extraction process by using cylindrical rollers. The main characteristic of such a process is the sugar cane compression, which makes it different from other models to extract juice. Rotation speed, roller geometry sugar cane physical mechanical characteristics involved in the process are included in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the use of non-immersive virtual reality in the engineering field today widely used by universities and research centers to develop their research and application in teaching. The work focuses on how virtual reality is used by computer specialists who do not have any knowledge of programming, where they develop a methodology to create virtual world without using programming techniques and how easy to use development tools well known in the field of engineering such as CAD / CAE systems while not mentioning important aspects on Web and VRML that are necessary for a better understanding of the methodology and special considerations to be taken into account to create virtual world or virtual scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors make an analysis of the efficiency and promotion results in the teaching - learning process of the Mathematics Discipline, during the period 2003-2010, for the first and second year of Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Engineering careers, in which the discipline is almost taught entirely, as it is also analyzed the results of the optional subject Experimental Design, in third year, Agricultural Engineering. It is also discussed the strengths and weaknesses that the Discipline has had throughout the period under review, and some of the mistakes made by the students in first and second years are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is part of an investigation carried out by the Center of Agrarian and Rural Development Study, which belongs to the Agrarian University of Havana. This paper's aim is contributing to the socioeconomic sustainability analysis on the cattle sector, San Jose de Las Lajas municipality, by using a statistical-mathematical model. Some information on the social and economic dimensions of sustainability was collected from 2006 to 2010 at the Valle del Peru Company. Different socioeconomic indexes for each of these years were obtained. According to the results of these indexes, the best model was the quadratic tendency to which the relative sustainability rate was calculated. From a practical point of view, this investigation is an important tool for the decision making on the cattle sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio economic development of many semi-arid areas depends on the presence and usage of groundwater, which at times is the only source of freshwater available. More than 15% of Guatemala's surface is conformed by zones of semi-arid areas in which quality and quantities of groundwater are of vital importance. Even though the major processes and mechanisms of aquifer recharge are well known, obtaining reliable estimates of natural recharge is difficult to obtain. These methods are based on the spatial and temporal weather variable distributions and the existence and spatial distribution of factors that determine frequency, magnitude and quality of the recharge. It follows that most of these methods produce results with high uncertainly levels. This paper presents an analysis of the applicability of recharge evaluation, at the basin with in an area of 105 km², with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrologic studies in Coro river's basin haven't taken into account spillway's overflow neither reservoir dam "El Isiro" collapse. This reservoir, located at Coro river's basin, serves as a source for supplying drinking water to Coro city in Venezuela. Downstream of this dam is the river's floodplain, which has been under an urbanization process. Also currently, there is a developing agricultural project to exploit plain's advantages in that sense. Therefore, this work is held to incorporate the sub-basin that drains into the reservoir "El Isiro" and to take into account the possibility of dam breaking by using software HEC-HMS and HEC-GEOHMS, which allow the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to optimize the formulation of the basin's conceptual model. According to the results, a high impact in residential and agricultural areas (in terms of peak flows and runoff volumes) by considering reservoir dam "El Isiro" breaking can be appreciated. This paper represents a valuable contribution to flood risk management in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cuban concept of the responsibility of the State in the performing of tasks related to the agricultural mechanization, on the basis of a structure of support for this activity as a part of a social service, did not exist in Venezuela. This paper presents the results of the active participation of Cuban specialists in the introduction of their experience in the creation and set in function of Territorial Stations for Services of Mechanization, being inaugurated in only two years 16 Stations located in 13 states, with definitively or provisional installations. Having Venezuela different modes of property over the land in regard to Cuba, it is necessary that the Stations were organized not as in our country with machinery of the existing Productive Entities, but with the creation of an independent national enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the effect of the vibration mode and forward speed in the reduction of the draft force in the vibrating scarifiers. To complete this objective the experimental research was develop in the areas of production of Agroindustrial Complex Sugar "Boris Luis Santa Coloma", belonging to the town of Madruga, Mayabeque province, where they analyzed the effects of self and forced vibrations (factor A) in the tensile strength of a prototype vibrating scarifiers. (Bayamo 81M). Also analyzed the effects of the forward speed (Factor B) in the draft force demand. The results showed that of these factors, the type of vibration exerted a significant influence on the variability of draft force, the forward speed effects was not found significant, as well as the interaction between both factors. Although was not significant the effects of speed, when exhibit values of 4,5 km/h the effects on the variability of draft force were higher than for the speed range of 1,044 to 3,96 km/h. Similarly it was found that the use of forced vibrations in scarification depth allows a reduction in draft force by nine percent, compared with the use of self vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil Channel experimentation, applying the theory of models and the similarity and the dimensions for the evaluation of soil preparation bodies, requires the use of sensors of the forces that arise during the tests related to the rest of the parameters involved in the experimental design previously developed. This paper presents the preparation of the arms of an implement for soil preparation, so that they can be used as dynamometers gauges during tests run of the organs of an attachment for that purpose in agriculture conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coro river's floodplain, state of Falcón, Venezuela, has been under an urbanization process during the last 30 years. In addition, in a part of this zone an agricultural project is been developed at the moment. In this period, material damages have been generated by flooding, impacting negatively over the life quality of the communities living in these urbanisms. The urbanization process has increased the vulnerability and consequently the flood risk has also been increased, which is defined as the probability that damages can happen because of this phenomenon. Similarly, the agricultural project must take into account the problem, since it evolves with a high level of vulnerability. This situation forces to take necessary measures to reduce the flood risk. In order to take these measures it is necessary to know the risk from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. In this paper, the probability of damages occurrence in monetary terms was estimated, in the residential infrastructure located on the right border of Coro river's and in the area of the agricultural project, due to flooding. This estimation represents a contribution to risk managers in this zone, because it also contributes to optimize the process of decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba the biogas installations are an important alternative for the processing of organic wastes in agricultural farms, and so reducing the contaminants and improving its quality as fertilizer, obtaining a renewable energy, the biogas. This combustible gas can be used for food cooking, water heating, the generation of electricity and domestic lighting. In the implementation of the strategy for facing climatic change drew up by the Ministry of Agriculture of Cuba it is considered a measure for the reduction of carbon emission consisting in "Reduce the consumption of combustibles of fossil origin using renewable sources of energy". The paper shows a methodology for make easy the analysis and calculation of the parameters for the construction of ixed dome biodigesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the development of software for the intelligent control of a six degree of freedom robot manipulator, with artificial vision techniques for the intelligent identification of objects by means of pattern recognition using an artificial neural network. A method of images segmentation, based on regions growth by pixels grouping, was implemented for the objects detection. a mathematical model, based on an alternative trigonometric method, was developed to solve the inverse kinematic problem of this robot. The system was tested on a satisfactory way; identifying different kinds of objects with a high percent of certainty and determining their location in the workspace of robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the guava lies in its being the economic support of some regions in Mexico. It is presently harvested in areas which have a certain type of conditions in Mexico similar to those in areas such as Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and Michoacán. Several problems related to mechanical damage, such as those that happen during harvesting, transporting and storage appear during its commercialization. Damage accelerates the guava fruit physiological, which translates into an economic loss due to the reduced shelf life of the fruit. The objective of this paper was to determinate the behavior of the guava fruits (psidium guajava L.) subjected to impact that happens during the crop and the following operations of manipulation when a fruit is hit against a surface, its relationship with the physiologic, and lost processes of weight. Guava fruits of the Calvillo and "Criolla" variety were exposed to impact on plastic and wood surfaces. The production of ethylene and CO2 were measured, and found to be significant. With regards to impact, the most noticeable differences appeared when the position changed from horizontal to vertical finding more deformation in the "Criolla" fruits. Variables were measured during the 4 days, finding weight loss of up to 9% for impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]