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Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze how there are spatiotemporal factors that can disable/enable local agency capacities in peacebuilding processes. Those local agency capacities depend on the context, which are shaped both by time and space. The traditional conception of time and space allows only a narrow understanding that reduces the possibilities of agency, and to rethink and broaden the concept of time and space I rely on History of the Present Time and Critical Geography. This paper illustrates the theoretical debate through the women’s agency capacities in the Mozambican peace process. This example demonstrates the complexities and multifaceted disabling/enabling capacity of spatiotemporal factors for the exercise of agency and provide some guidelines to identify them.

Abstract This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the evolving landscape of international politics, the challenges this scenario presents for the field of International Relations (IR) and the pivotal role played by Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional (RBPI) in shaping both academic knowledge and policy frameworks. The study aims to achieve two primary objectives. First, to contextualize the significant shifts in international politics in the last few years, such as the rise of China and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, while advocating for interdisciplinary approaches and highlighting the contributions of Latin American, particularly Brazilian, scholars to global academic debates. Second, to trace the history, evolution, and international impact of RBPI since its inception in 1958, emphasizing its role in leveraging the standards of academic publishing in Brazil and Latin America, fostering international collaborations, and influencing policy decisions. The paper proposes that RBPI serves as an indispensable platform for advancing rigorous academic inquiry and offers a more inclusive perspective on international relations, thereby having a lasting impact on both the academic and policy landscapes globally.

Abstract This paper explores the securitisation geopolitics around environmental sustainability, advocating for regional securitisation as a means to address environmental challenges that otherwise complicate traditional security challenges, which are foundational to a regional security complex approach. The global landscape lacks a unified approach to environmental practices, prompting the examination of regional contexts to influence state behaviour and apply a regional security complex model to symbolise this transformation as “Regional Environmental Sustainability Complexes” (RESC). The paper demonstrates that the South Asian Regional Security Complex (SARSC) concept by Buzan has evolved into the broader South Asian Regional Environmental Sustainability Complex (SARESC).

Abstract This paper argues that there is an increasing dispute between China and United States on international technical standards, with national security as a central element and involving emerging and critical technologies. Based on Krasner’s structural perspective on international regimes, it shows that historically, states’ powers and interests have influenced the construction of the standards principles and rules in international institutions. The current USA-China dispute is revealed by their growing international participation and influence combined with national strategies to internationalize national standards. The paper is widely supported by specialized bibliography and documents from governments and institutions that are relevant on the issue.

Abstract This article aims to provide a framework for conceptualizing the China-US rivalry. It argues that while the China-US rivalry is distorted to be an analogy to the Cold War, it must be understood as an intra-core competition between two different capitalisms. Theoretically the paper is inspired by the world system theory’s perspective on “cycles of hegemony” and the Kautsky-Lenin debate on inter-capitalism relationships. The causal nexus of the two theories explains that the China-US rivalry is in a new phase of the cycles of capital accumulation, and China’s changing competitive dynamics led by its state capitalism model have generated disadvantageous effect on the US hegemony. The paper’s conclusion is that China-US competition will shape the trajectory of world order for decades to come.

Abstract In this paper, we argue that a right-wing populist leader’s support of regional organizations depends on how domestic supporters are affected by populist engagement with them. If the regional organization does not affect groups of the populist project, then the leader enjoys latitude to question the regional institution. However, whenever undermining the regional organization damage a group, the leader does not target the regional organization, and assumes an ambivalent approach. We use the case of Bolsonaro’s Brazil engaging two regional organizations: MERCOSUR and PAHO to test our argument. Our findings reveal that right-wing populist leaders are aware of domestic costs.

Abstract Motivated by the growing phenomenon of Local Investment Promotion Agencies (IPA) and their paradiplomatic involvement in international negotiations, this paper aims to analyze the role that these agencies have been playing in Brazil and the governance model they adopt. Through the case of InvestSP, the most mature Brazilian IPA, this study examines the topic based on primary documentation and the perspective of various government representatives. As main results, a theoretical framework was proposed to help map the logic of operation of a subnational IPA, its structure, and motivators. Additionally, it was evidenced that paradiplomatic actions have advanced independently by local powers, without effective coordination from the federal government, characterizing a process of (dis) diplomatic governance and institutional inertia.

Abstract This paper analyses the development of European security since the end of the Cold War and how the European Union’s and Russia’s understandings of European security have diverged. The paper argues that the competing projects of the EU and Russia in the neighbourhood are a reflection of ontological insecurity which have prevented a renewed European security regime from emerging.

Abstract In recent years, U.S. government agencies have defined the Chinese presence in Latin America as a challenge, which has organized foreign policy towards the region. Departing from a neo-Gramscian approach, this paper investigates the bibliographical production of U.S. think tanks and seeks to understand the construction of consensus about the Chinese presence in Latin America. The methodology is based on content analysis and we identified two main narratives: in the first, the Chinese presence is presented as a threat to U.S. regional hegemony; in the second, the Chinese adaptation to liberal precepts is sought. There are therefore nuances in how the Chinese power is perceived, although the discourses remain restricted to the promotion of capitalism and neoliberalism under U.S. leadership.

Abstract The paper argues that the norm of sovereignty was extended to sea areas with only minor adaptations. Using an English School approach, it explores the political evolution of control over the seas, demonstrating why and how the norm of sovereignty prevailed over alternative norms and principles regulating control of the seas. The paper then compares the positions of Brazil, China and the United States on the current international regime of the ocean.

Abstract This paper analyzes the internationalization of the Brazilian agricultural sector through a “global history” approach. The goal of the paper is to understand the internationalization of agribusiness as a smaller part of a transformation in the global food regime. In tracing the trajectory of agribusiness internationalization in Brazil, the paper explores patterns of local-global interaction and the new opportunities that emerge in global food regimes as a result. Finally, the paper probes the internationalization of Brazilian agribusiness under the state-agrarian elite partnership that has taken advantage of local and global transformations in agribusiness in recent history.

This paper discusses the current challenges of the multilateral trade system, which are reflected in the WTO Doha Round deadlock. The main patterns of trade have changed due to the rise of global value chains and the globalization of the world economy, characterized by an increasing dispersion and fragmentation of industrial production. The article discusses the way these changes are challenging traditional assumptions of the multilateral trade system and the WTO Doha Round negotiations. Taking Brazil as an example, the paper argues that the mismatch between the negotiating agenda and the new world trade realities dwells in the very WTO member countries, which, at a great extent, have not yet aligned its trade policies to the new dynamics of the international trade. Finally, we argue that during the last ten years Brazil's trade policy has not properly considered the important changes in the international trade patterns brought about by global value chains and economic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with EU policies towards its eastern periphery, focusing on the Western Balkans and South Caucasus. Departing from a comparative approach, the paper argues that the establishment of a regional normative order, with clear goals of stabilization through variable geometry integration, has found clear limits. The paper flashes out these dynamics and establishes important lessons to be learned from the European approach to the Balkans and the Caucasus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education is one of the sectors negotiable under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (Gats), one of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. This paper analyzes the consequences of this liberalization. Specifically, it assesses the legal impacts of Gats obligations for the pursuance of higher education policies by WTO Members. The paper argues that despite the potential effects of Gats, the way it works can be used to nullify or mitigate its effects, in accordance with the level of liberalization sought by each Member. At the end, this paper also presents an overview of Members' positions, stressing their arguments pro and against liberalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the Brazilian foreign policy under General João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo, the last President of the military cycle started by the coup d'etat of 1964. During his presidency, Brazil went through a process of redemocratization. In this context, the Brazilian Foreign Policy became known, by part of the historiography, as 'Universalismo'. Such policy had the expansion of contacts throughout the world as one of its main characteristics and produced discourse to denounce the 'unfair' international system. Nevertheless, because of the great crisis that occurred in multiple aspects of the country, 'Universalismo' didn't establish itself as a consensus inside the Brazilian bureaucratic apparatus. There were evident manifestations against that governmental Foreign Policy leaded by the Foreign Ministry Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro. Hence the central argument is to discuss and demonstrate the contrast between 'Universalismo' and its critics. Finally, the paper seeks to better detail the Brazilian foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The following paper aims to unveil the reasons behind the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014. Based on the hypothesis that Moscow’s decision was the result of the combination of strategic and ideational drivers, the study demonstrates how President Vladimir Putin’s political project has: (i) deepened Russia’s rivalry towards the West, strengthening the threat posed by NATO’s expansion; (ii) and highlighted the role of memory in the state’s identity, putting Ukraine in a privileged position in the Kremlin’s political agenda.

Abstract This paper delves into Brazil’s attempt to mediate global conflicts to enhance its international status, focusing on the case of the Tehran Declaration. Drawing on interviews with the foreign policy community of the United Nations Security Council’s permanent members (P5), the study underscores the perception of major powers regarding Brazil’s mediation attempts. The findings suggest that while Brazil’s mediation could enhance its prestige, it is viewed as lacking significant influence in high-stake global security conflicts. The Tehran deal episode exemplifies Brazil’s overextension. These perceptions may provide lessons for the Brazilian attempt to mediate the war in Ukraine.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze the feminist foreign policy as a modern phenomenon in light of the particular features and challenges of Brazil’s reality. But first, the article contextualizes where the idea of a feminist foreign policy comes from. Even though womens make up half of the world’s population, gender parity in many spaces of power, such as diplomacy, is still not a reality. Thus, the so called feminist foreign policies aims, among others, to increase the number of female diplomats, grant them more visibility and place them in positions of power. Since this situation is happening worldwide, the paper aims to contribute on how we can think of the possibility of engendering a feminist foreign policy specific to Brazil.

Abstract This article aims to reveal how the UN’s 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially the environmental ones, are being incorporated into Mercosur. Firstly, the paper presents a brief evolution of the environmental agenda in the history of Mercosur. Then, to subsidise the analysis, using quantitative data, we discussed the gradual incorporation of the SDGs in the different Mercosur bodies. In order to understand the evolution of the environmental SDGs, the research required the collection and analysis of qualitative data within the framework of the Environment Working Subgroup (SGT-6), which revealed the main environmental issues and their interrelationship with the 2030 Agenda. Finally, Brazil’s role and the prospects for the environmental agenda in Mercosur are discussed.

Abstract How can defense cooperation with process-tracing methodology be explained? To answer this question, this paper tests the ability of process-tracing explanations in the case of the Brazilian proposal for the creation of the Union of South American Nation’s (UNASUR) South American Defense Council (CDS). Combining process-tracing methodology with a case study research design, this paper analyzes which causal pathways, mechanisms, timing of events, and policies best explain Brazilian behavior.

Abstract It is clear that Brazil seeks to enhance its international standing through an increasing engagement with peace operations. This paper argues that the more Brazil seeks to increase its engagement in the manner in which it is currently pursuing it – essentially by deploying troops – the more Brazil actively constructs its own subalternity with regards to international peace. In order to develop this argument, this paper initially delineates the Brazilian historical engagement within peace missions. Then, it critically problematizes such engagement by analysing it in light of the particular role that peace operations play within international politics.

Abstract This paper analyses the decision of the Obama administration to redirect its foreign policy towards Egypt in the wake of the Arab Spring. It attempts to highlight the issue of how governments deal with decision-making at times of crisis, and under which circumstances they take critical decisions that lead to major shifts in their foreign policy track record. It focuses on the process that led to a reassessment of US (United States) foreign policy, shifting from decades of support to the autocratic regime of Hosni Mubarak, towards backing his ouster. Specifically, the paper attempts to assess to what extent the decision to withdraw US support from a longstanding state-leader and ally in the Middle East can be seen as a foreign policy change (FPC). A relevant research question this paper pursues is: how can the withdrawal of US support to a regime considered as an ally be considered, in itself, as a radical FPC?

This paper brings a comprehensive analysis of the peacebuilding process conducted by the UN in Timor-Leste. Drawing on fieldwork, interviews, and secondary sources, the paper brings light to the main fragilities of this process. Firstly, the paper briefly outlines the scholarly debate around UN peacebuilding process. Then, the paper brings an overview of the UN missions deployed to Timor-Leste. Finally, the paper identifies the major limitations of such engagement. By highlighting the main flaws of this peacebuilding process, the paper opens the space for (re)thinking alternative ways of building peace in post-conflict scenarios.

The paper reviews the characteristics of the international economical insertion process that Brazil is historically coming through describing the economic diplomacy performance and the challenges faced nowadays. The starting point is the agro-exportation diplomacy, then the industrialization diplomacy as a second stage of analysis ending up in the terciary diplomacy. The paper explores the Brazilian process of economical insertion not just as an exporter but as an industrialized partner prepared to accept the costs of interdependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union's (EU) decision to include aviation into the Emissions Trade Scheme was heatedly contested. Countries around the world, but mainly the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa group (BRICS) and the US, denounced the EU's initiate as illegal and unilateral. Following a decade of frustrated negotiations at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), this paper interrogates why such measure, in principle climate-friendly, inspired so much global resentment. I argue that concerns with competitiveness and risks of legal inconsistency are important, but insufficient elements to explain the core of the conflict. The paper suggests that the EU was strongly criticized because third countries perceived this action as an imposed solution, which fostered an environment of distrust. Therefore, I claim that the problem has more to do with a normative divide than with a substantive divergence on what should be done regarding aviation emissions. My analysis is informed by the present literature on the links between trade and climate change, but gives particular weight to first-hand information through interviews with key stakeholders. The paper is divided in three parts. First, it presents the scope of the EU directive in historical perspective. Second, it explores the EU's measure through three different angles: legal, economical and political. The final part explores some possible solutions to overcome these divergences.

Neste artigo se analisa a política externa do Brasil na gestão do general João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo, último presidente do ciclo militar iniciado com o Golpe de 1964. O Brasil viveu, neste período, processo de abertura política e de recondução do país ao regime democrático. Neste contexto, a Política Exterior da nação conhecida por parte da historiografia como Universalismo caracterizou-se pela aproximação comercial com diversos países nos quatro cantos do mundo e pelo discurso de denúncia das desigualdades existentes no sistema internacional. Entretanto, devido à crise manifestada, no período, em várias dimensões da vida nacional, o Universalismo não se estabeleceu em bases consensuais no aparato burocrático do Estado brasileiro. Houve claras manifestações de descontentamento em relação àquela política externa capitaneada pelo chanceler Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro. Assim, o argumento centra-se na discussão e demonstração do contraste entre o Universalismo e seus críticos, buscando contribuir para o melhor detalhamento da política exterior do Brasil.This paper analyzes the Brazilian foreign policy under General João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo, the last President of the military cycle started by the coup d'etat of 1964. During his presidency, Brazil went through a process of redemocratization. In this context, the Brazilian Foreign Policy became known, by part of the historiography, as 'Universalismo'. Such policy had the expansion of contacts throughout the world as one of its main characteristics and produced discourse to denounce the 'unfair' international system. Nevertheless, because of the great crisis that occurred in multiple aspects of the country, 'Universalismo' didn't establish itself as a consensus inside the Brazilian bureaucratic apparatus. There were evident manifestations against that governmental Foreign Policy leaded by the Foreign Ministry Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro. Hence the central argument is to discuss and demonstrate the contrast between 'Universalismo' and its critics. Finally, the paper seeks to better detail the Brazilian foreign policy.

A educação superior faz parte dos setores de serviços negociáveis no Acordo Geral sobre Comércio de Serviços (Gats), um dos tratados de liberalização existente na Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC). Neste artigo se busca analisar as conseqüências desta liberalização. Em específico, os impactos jurídicos das obrigações do Gats na conduta das políticas de educação superior de seus Membros. Entende-se que embora o Gats possua a potencialidade de gerar efeitos relevantes, seu modo de operação pode ser utilizado para anular ou minimizar seus efeitos, de acordo com o grau de liberalização pretendido por cada Membro. Por fim, o artigo apresenta um panorama sobre as posições dos Membros, destacando os argumentos pró e contra a liberalização da educação superior.Higher education is one of the sectors negotiable under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (Gats), one of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. This paper analyzes the consequences of this liberalization. Specifically, it assesses the legal impacts of Gats obligations for the pursuance of higher education policies by WTO Members. The paper argues that despite the potential effects of Gats, the way it works can be used to nullify or mitigate its effects, in accordance with the level of liberalization sought by each Member. At the end, this paper also presents an overview of Members' positions, stressing their arguments pro and against liberalization.

Abstract Brazil experienced the opening-up and democratization of its foreign policymaking in the last decades, but since 2016 a wave of bureaucratic reforms sought to reverse that process. This paper contributes to understanding this phenomenon by looking at the agri-food dimension of Brazilian foreign policy. Through the analysis of official documental and discursive data, we discuss successive symbolic-discursive, as well as policy-institutional governmental efforts to close-off foreign policymaking to peasant family farmers and their interests. The study reveals changing patterns in state-society interfaces, and contributes to bridging the fields of Foreign Policy Analysis, Policy Dismantling and Social Participation.

Abstract The paper examines how investor-State dispute settlement mechanisms -included in international investment agreements- are able to condition national policy space, even when foreign investors question measures regarding human rights, public health, or environmental protection. It also intends to identify and explain the new trends in international investment agreements that illustrate different ways out the investor-State dispute settlement labyrinth. In order to achieve the objectives, a qualitative documentary research was conducted, based on secondary sources. The new trends in international investment agreements cartography show the emergence of a new concept of sovereignty rooted in the defense of policy space -“regulatory sovereignty”.

The prioritization of the South-South axis during the Lula da Silva government is consensual among analysts of Brazilian Foreign Policy regarding its international insertion, as well as the prominent role given to the African continent. In order to provide empirical analysis to the reprioritization of relations between Brazil and Africa, this paper aims at comparing the technical cooperation provided by Brazil to African countries during FHC (1995-2002) and Lula da Silva (2003-2010) administrations. Its primary source of analyzed data, little explored by the Brazilian academic literature yet, was the databank of the Department of International Acts of the Ministry of External Relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper analyzes credit rating agencies’ actions in Brazilian presidential transitions in the light of what is understood as financialization. It argues that the agencies, from their position in the international financial system, express and promote the financialization process during presidential transitions. To that end, they resort to forms of political activism in favor of the orthodox agenda defended by financial markets enthusiasts. The methodology draws on the case study of Brazil, with reference to the five presidential transitions that took place there between 2002 and 2018. The analysis is based mainly on the Brazilian sovereign ratings issued by S&P Global, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings, and on the country reports published by these agencies.

This paper identifies and analyzes the different types of revisionist politics, and its levels, developed by progressive governments in South America toward the United States over the past 13 years. For such, it uses as starting points concepts that are fundamental for better understanding the behavior of South American countries in relation with the great power: "peripheral revisionism," by Cesar Guimarães, and "autonomous confrontation" and "antagonistic confrontation," both by Helio Jaguaribe. From the developments of these concepts, a theoretical model was developed with different types of peripheral revisionisms, which allowed for fine-tuning the classifications of foreign policies in the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the National Defense Strategies of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in order to verify how the four countries evaluate the strategic landscape of this century, especially regarding the balance of power between the Great Powers, their immediate geographical surroundings and their relationship with the US. This work addresses specifically the similarities and differences among them and how these differences reflect in their respective defense policies. Among the four cases, the Brazilian one will be in especial focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the interactions of regional and international pressure on the Pan-Amazon, a region considered strategic for Brazil. Its importance lies in multiple fields, with emphasis on the environment and the economy. Two perspectives, although not incompatible, reveal themselves difficult to harmonize, especially when it converges to the exploitation of natural resources in the Pan-Amazon and the exercise of national sovereignty over their territories. But the thematic scope of the article is even wider, since one of the main objectives of the study is to try to articulate the environmental and economic issues related to the Pan-Amazon with policy issues related to regional security and national levels around the Brazilian Amazon, assuming that the issue is even more complex when contemplated in its regional dimension. Finally, we carried out an exercise on scenarios involving the Pan-Amazon at both the regional and the international levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper aims to: (i) investigate whether Republican legislatures were more inclined than Democratic ones to uphold laws of national sovereignty and whether Democratic legislatures were more likely than Republican ones to prioritise bills linked to the post-national perspective; (ii) assess the US migration laws by considering how state-level legal systems affect migrants’ lives. Using data from the National Conference of State Legislatures and Legiscan and techniques like clustering, statistical, and geospatial analysis, we found that bills sponsored by the Democratic Party are indeed more likely to belong to the post-national category than bills by the Republican Party.

The literature about refugees has explored the link between refugees and human rights in the host countries – a fundamental aspect of the international refugee regime – in a predominantly descriptive perspective. Highlighting the importance of analytical approaches about the theme, this paper analyzes how the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has expressed itself with regard to the refugee human rights in their host countries, signalizing the influence of the international politics in this context. Once understood the regime and its relation to the human rights, it is believed that the latter represents the parameter to analyze the way the international protection is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work looks at the Brazilian submission to an extended continental shelf to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). First, the paper presents the evolution of the Brazilian sea limits until nowadays. Afterwards it analyzes the legal concept of the continental shelf on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the role played by the CLCS in the delimitation of the outer limits of this maritime zone. Finally, it examines the implications of the “final and binding" recommendations of this international institution over the Brazilian interests in the extended continental shelf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the questions on the European citizenship and the democratic debt of the supranational institutions. In this sense it addresses the institution of the European Provider of Justice. It is about an individual appointed by the European Parliament with the task of, either by its own initiative or based on complaints presented by European citizens and inhabitants, investigating and proceeding to investigation about irregularities on the actuation of the communitarian organs, as well as to emit recommendations with the aim of correcting the cases of bad administration and violation of the human rights detected by it. The object of actuation of the European Provider of Justice is the enforcement of political activity and the providing of public services in a communitarian set. It is an access channel for the citizenship to the organs of political power, controlling the bad actuation of the institutions or communitarian organisms and the violation of rights, with broad powers of supervision with the aim of the enforcement of the fundamental right to a good administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the pursuit of joint environmental positions within Mercosur considering the evolution of the regional process. Based on social constructivism it seeks to identify contributions of epistemic communities and civil society to define an environmental agenda for Brazil and Argentina and outlines some perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to outline what is the function performed by the Mercosur Parliament (Parlasur) in Mercosur. Firstly, the paper discusses the European experience of empowering the parliamentary structure. Then, it analyzes in which way the acts produced by the members of the Parlasur influence the institution-strengthening strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that economic factors were subordinated to the realist rationale in the subfield of security studies in almost the entire period of its existence. After the end of the Cold War, the realist shielding that hindered the treatment of economic factors per se in traditional approaches was breached by approaches that considered the individual, and not the State, as the subject of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induced by a structural change in international society's dynamics, many municipalities, through the practice of the so-called paradiplomacy or federative diplomacy, have been elaborating municipal management tools towards getting resources through International Technical Cooperation's (ITC) experience. In this context, this paper purports to map the concept of the ITC phenomena, aiming at facilitating its comprehension and its practical consequences to Brazilian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Brazil is becoming a global power and, at the same time, it is often considered as the regional leader. In this paper, we tackle with the growing role of Brazil in the international arena while tensions among neighbors are also increasing. What are Brazilian foreign policy priorities: regional bonds or global affairs? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the transformation of UN peacekeeping operations after the Cold War, based on the Liberian case. The aim is to show the consolidation of a nexus between security and development, which would be related to a process of normalization of international relations, informed by a liberal-democratic vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the evolution of the bilateral relations between Brazil and Suriname during the 1980s, especially with the so-called Venturini mission to Suriname. The text uses original documents from two Brazilian archives. The article shows that the main goals of Figueiredo's administration with respect to Suriname were fulfilled, especially concerning the avoidance of an East-West conflict in the sensitive north frontier of the country and in the Amazon region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to delimit the definition of both concepts and levels of coverage of each policy in the Defense area and civil and military participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between Colombia and United States, with emphasis on the Uribe Government. For this purpose, the internationalization strategy of the Colombian armed conflict and the aspects of the U.S. intervention under Plan Colombia were examined. In the final analysis, this paper suggests that recent political changes in the United States have impacted the guidance for U.S. - Colombia relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the functioning of the Centro de Informações do Exterior (CIEX), an agency linked to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Itamaraty) and National Intelligence Service (SNI), which was charged with spying political opponents of the Brazilian military regime exiled in neighboring countries. The study aims at examining one component of the repressive system set by the Brazilian dictatorship that had a relative degree of interaction with other military dictatorships in the region of the Southern Cone. The article demonstrates that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs cooperated intensively with the Brazilian military regime.Intelligence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the policies of protection for indigenous people and the environmentalist manifesto for the excluded in Amazonian countries. It addresses the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People and the resolution of the General Assembly that qualifies the effects of climate change as threats to international security. Both lead to cognitive constructions for social justice. The paper reminds us of the invasion of lands by disorderly immigration. More importantly, it unveils the analytical potential offered by the study of international relations to clarify the perspectives of both the mitigation of climate change through the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the excluded majority that lives alongside the protected indigenous minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]