1. Galaxy interactions trigger rapid black hole growth: An unprecedented view from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey.
- Author
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GOULDING, Andy D., GREENE, Jenny E., BEZANSON, Rachel, GRECO, Johnny, JOHNSON, Sean, LEAUTHAUD, Alexie, Yoshiki MATSUOKA, MEDEZINSKI, Elinor, and PRICE-WHELAN, Adrian M.
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SUPERMASSIVE black holes , *GALAXY formation , *STAR formation , *ASTRONOMICAL surveys , *ASTRONOMICAL catalogs , *ACTIVE galactic nuclei , *STELLAR mass , *MACHINE learning - Abstract
Collisions and interactions between gas-rich galaxies are thought to be pivotal stages in their formation and evolution, causing the rapid production of new stars, and possibly serving as a mechanism for fueling supermassive black holes (BH). Harnessing the exquisite spatial resolution (~0.5 arcsec) afforded by the first ~170 deg2 of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey, we present our new constraints on the importance of galaxy-galaxy major mergers (1:4) in growing BHs throughout the last ~8 Gyrs. Utilizing mid-infrared observations in the WISE All-Sky survey, we robustly select active galactic nuclei (AGN) and mass-matched control galaxy samples, totaling ~140,000 spectroscopically confirmed systems at i<22 mag. We identify galaxy interaction signatures using a novel machine-learning random forest decision tree technique allowing us to select statistically significant samples of major-mergers, minor-mergers/irregular-systems, and non-interacting galaxies. We use these samples to show that galaxies undergoing mergers are a factor ~2-7 more likely to contain luminous obscured AGN than non-interacting galaxies, and this is independent of both stellar mass and redshift to z < 0.9. Furthermore, based on our comparison of AGN fractions in mass-matched samples, we determine that the most luminous AGN population (LAGN > 1045 erg/s) systematically reside in merging systems over non-interacting galaxies. Our findings show that galaxy-galaxy interactions do, on average, trigger luminous AGN activity substantially more often than in secularly evolving non-interacting galaxies, and we further suggest that the BH growth rate may be closely tied to the dynamical time of the merger system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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