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Objective: scientific substantiation of the new methodology for estimation of passport doses of the settlements which belong to Zone of Unconditional (obligatory) Resettlement, or 2nd zone and Zone of Granted Voluntary Resettlement, or 3rd zone in the framework of dosimetric passportization in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine. Materials and methods. 37 years after the accident, radioactive contamination of the environment has significantly decreased. However, it is still necessary to carry out ecological and dosimetric monitoring and apply countermeasures in certain territories of Ukraine affected by the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant: restriction of the consumption of locally produced milk, forest products, etc. The methodology, which was since 1996 used to estimate the passport doses of Ukrainian settlements, no longer corresponds to the current level of scientific knowledge about radioactive contamination of environment. The new methods of passport doses calculating presented in the work involves the use of a model whose parameters are determined by the types, quality and completeness of radioecological and dosimetric monitoring carried out on the radioactively contaminated territories in 1986-2013. The methodology takes into account the specific of radioactive contamination of each settlement. The passport dose of external exposure is reconstructed only from 137Cs radionuclide, because the contributions of other Chornobyl radionuclides influence the radiation dose only in the first years after the accident. The passport dose of internal exposure is formed as a result of the consumption of 137Cs contaminated food products. It is calculated depending on the availability in the settlement in the current year of the results of measurements of the 137Cs radionuclide activity incorporated in the human body using a whole body counter (WBC) and the activity of 137Cs in the private milk. At the same time, priority is given precisely to the results of WBC measurements of 137Cs. Results and conclusions. A new methodology (Methodology-2023) for passport doses calculation of Ukrainian settlements was substantiated. A comparison of passport doses based on the results of radioecological and dosimetric monitoring in 2011 calculated by Methodology-2023 and passport doses calculated by Methodology-96 was made. Passport doses calculated by Methodology-2023 increased by 40 % on average compared to doses calculated by Methodology-96. At the same time, passport doses of internal radiation calculated by the new methodology increased by 1.5 times, and passport doses of external radiation increased by 1.7 times. The passport dose of 2011, calculated by Methodology-2023, exceeds the legally established limit of 1 mSv in 71 settlements, most of which are located in Korostenkyi raion of Zhytomyr Oblast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the long-term oncological consequences after the Chornobyl accident show a significant impact of radiation exposure on the cancer incidence rate in affected population in Ukraine. This is supported by the increased radiation risk of leukaemia in liquidators, which exceeds national population rates, and its value is comparable to the data on hibakushi, who were subjected to A-bombings. For the first time in the clean-up workers cohort the radiation dependence of chronic lymphoid leukaemia was established. There are radiation associated risks of leukemia in children who have been exposed to radiation from the Chornobyl accident. There has been registered an increase of thyroid cancer incidence in children and adults (liquidators, evacuees from the 30-km exclusion zone and residents of the most contaminated territories). There is an excess of breast cancer in female liquidators. The frequency of all forms of malignant neoplasms decreases over time but still exceeds national rates. Further monitoring of malignant neoplasms in the groups of affected population will allow evaluating the radiation risks of cancer forms whose radiation-associated manifestation is already known from previous studies or can be expected in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate the parameters of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the remote period after the influence of the Chornobyl accident factors. Materials and methods. Eighty two patients with NAFLD who had been exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the Chornobyl accident and have concomitant cardiovascular pathology were examined. Hematological parameters and the level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined, and the content of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins was evaluated. Results. Activation of the processes of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins was observed in most patients with NAFLD. According to the level of hsCRP, the presence of subclinical inflammation and the risk of developing complicated cardiovascular pathology was found in 58 % of patients with NAFLD. The neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio correlates positively with hsCRP and can be used as an available routine clinical marker for selection among patients with NAFLD persons with increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Conclusions. HsCRP, oxidative modification products of lipids and proteins, ESR, and leukograms should be used to assess the degree of systemic inflammation in people affected by the Chornobyl accident, suffering NAFLD with con& comitant cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of research is to improve the electronic database of WBC measurements dated 1986 by inputting of new information from paper carriers, reconstruction of information gaps, verification and analysis of new entered data, revision of internal exposure doses that are based on results of WBC measurements dated 1986. Materials and methods. In 2013–2015 during a revision of databases (DB) of WBC measurements results dated 1986–2014, it was discovered a great amount of paper carriers with information about WBC measurements, includ& ing the ones dated 1986, that were not inputted to the electronic DB. The paper carriers were systematized and ordered by the following indicators: place of residence of a person and place of WBC measurement, institution and operator that made the measurement, measurement device and date of measurement. For a comfortable inputting of the information to the electronic DB, it was additionally created a form which exists as an option in existing pro& gram complex Silbody (Version 19.0.9). In the revised DB of WBC measurements dated 1986 internal exposure doses from radio-cesium of Chornobyl origin were computed based on an ecological and dosimetric model for radio-cesium migration in environment and a model for radio-cesium metabolism in human body. In the work, mathematical and statistical methods of research were used. Results. In 2019–2021 additionally 35,319 notes were inputted to the electronic DB of WBC measurement dated 1986, and as a result its volume increased in 2.2 times. Mostly those are data on results concerning residents of Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Cherkasy, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Rivne Oblasts. It was established the information on measurement devices and respectively on the minimal detected activity (MDA) for 27,119 notes (76.7 % of all new entered). Information is reconstructed about the body mass of all persons under investigation. Evaluation is made for values of intake of incorporated radionuclides 137Cs and 134Cs for all new entered to DB. Quality of reconstructed information was analyzed. To group 1, «qualitative», it was classified 18,598 notes (53 % of all new entered), measurements in 1986 (including new entered). Dose not exceeding 1 mSv was obtained by 80 % of adults (older than 20), as well as 73 % of persons younger than 20. Conclusion. To DB of WBC measurements, it was additionally inputted 35,319 notes on results of measurements dated 1986. New entered information is verified and distributed by the quality groups. Individual exposure doses evaluated based on those data can be used for further scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Radiation Medicine & Radiobiology is the property of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Radiation Medicine & Radiobiology is the property of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems of Radiation Medicine & Radiobiology is the property of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. The objective was to study the relationship between functional status of bronchopulmonary system and telomere length in clean-up workers of Chornobyl NPP accident in a remote post-accident period. Materials and methods. A study was performed in 113 clean-up workers of Chornobyl NPP accident. Individual documented doses of irradiation in clean-up workers ranged from 1,0 to 880 mSv (330.4 ± 317.7 (M ± SD)). The average age of the Chornobyl NPP participants was (62.21 ± 6.99) years. A complex of functional pulmonary tests (spirometry, body plethysmography, examination of lung diffusion capacity) was performed. Relative telomere length (RTL) was analysed by flow-FISH. Results. There was a tendency to decrease the relative telomere length in clean-up workers with COPD I-II stage and COPD III-IV, compared with patients with the absence of bronchopulmonary diseases (RTL 15,2 ± 2,7). Significantly shorter telomeres were observed in patients with COPD who were exposed to radiation at a dose of more than 500 mSv (13.6 ± 2.5) compared with COPD patients who were exposed at a dose <10 mSv (RTL 15.3 ± 2.3). When analyzing the correlation relationships of the studied indicators, no significant associations were found with the relative telomere length. At this stage of the study no association of relative telomere length with age, body mass index, and functional criteria (FEV1 (l), intrathoracic pressure (ITGV), total lung capacity (TLC), diffusion lung capacity (DLCO)) was detected. Conclusions. The analyzed telomere length relationship from liquidators of the Chernobyl found no direct association with indicators of lung function tests, however, showed a trend towards reducing the relative telomere length in clean-up workers who suffer from COPD and exposed to doses from 100 to 500 mSv and above 500 mSv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clinical case of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is presented in this paper - Mycosis fungoides, a tumorous stage that developed in a patient who suffered as a result of the Chornobyl accident. The most likely development of this disease is due to the influence of the radiation factor, which led to the affection of lymphoid cells. This disease has characteristic staging with a typical morphological pattern only in later stages, therefore, the diagnosis usually occurs in evident clinical and histological changes of the mycotic and tumorous stages, when treatment is ineffective. The features of the disease and treatment are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Determine of the influence of adverse environmental factors, including irradiation, on the survival of children with acute leukemia in the long-term period after the Chornobyl accident (2008-2017). Materials and methods. Examined 74 children with acute leukemia (AL): 64 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); 10 - acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The influence of negative environmental factors was assessed by the degree of integrated pollution of the atmospheric air, surface waters and soils with pesticides, heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Fe) and cesium isotope 137Cs. These regions were ranked on a moderately polluted (1), polluted (2), very (3) and extremely (4) polluted territories. Took into account the age of children, blood test, immunophenotypic of variant the acute leukemia, survival of patients and place of residence (city / village), serum ferritin level (SF). Results. Exposure doses of children were in the range from 0.4 mSv to 35.0 mSv (average values were (4.25 ± 0.63 mSv) and did not affect the prognosis and variants of AL. 52 children lived in moderately and polluted territories (30 were residents of cities, 22 - villages). 22 patients were lived in very and extremely polluted territories (4 were residents of cities, 18 - villages). Of 74 patients with ALL and AML 24 children died (32.4%). The smallest number of children, who died, were patients with «general type» В-ALL (18.7%), most of all children with pro-B-ALL (8 out of 10) and Т-ALL (3 of 4). Of the 52 patients, the inhabitants of moderately and polluted regions, 13 patients died (25%), while out of 22 patients, who lived in very and extremely polluted areas, 11 childre n died (50% share) (rs = 0.39; p < 0.05). Of the 10 patients with AML, 4 children died. Most often, children died, who were residents of villages. Moreover, the level of SF was significantly higher in children over 6 years, the inhabitants of villages - (406.8 ± 40.6) ng/ml, compared to younger patients - (211.2 ± 32.1) ng/ml) and residents of of cities: up to 6 years - (297.4 ± 52.3) ng/ml; over 6 years - (275.6 ± 29.8) ng/ml. Conclusions. The obtained data testify to the negative influence of environmental factors, including iron, and can be the basis for understanding the mechanisms of potentiating influence of metals and their compounds on the development of malignant diseases of the blood system in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objective of this study was to estimate the thyroid cancer radiation risks - excess absolute risk (EAR), excess relative risk (ERR) and attributable fraction of risk (AR) in the cohort of 150,813 Ukrainian male clean-up workers during the 1986-2012 period (more than 25 years after the Chornobyl accident). Materials and methods. The cohort under study of 150,813 Ukrainian men who participated emergency and clean-up work in 1986-1990 was formed based on the data of the Ukrainian State Register of persons affected due to Chornobyl accident (SRU). The identification of thyroid cancer cases (216) was carried out by linking the SRU database with the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine (NCRU) data. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated comparing thyroid cancer incidence in the cohort with the corresponding national indices. Excess absolute risk (EAR), excess relative risk (ERR) and attributable fraction of risk (AR) were calculated accounting for the alternative dose estimates. The following sources of the average dose values for Ukrainian liquidators were used: official total external dose records according to UNSCEAR 2008 report and results of external red bone marrow dose reconstruction by the RADRUE method for the cohort sample. For the radiation risk evaluation, these estimates were conversed to the average external thyroid dose. Results. Results of the long term study (1986-2012) of thyroid cancer risks in a cohort of 150813 Chornobyl clean-up workers («liquidators») from Ukraine are presented. Two options for the average thyroid dose estimates were used for radiation risks evaluation. According to the SRU and NCRU 216 incident thyroid cancers were diagnosed in 1986-2012 within the studied cohort with an overall SIR of 3.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.51-3.80). The SIR estimates were elevated throughout the entire follow-up period. Investigation of a contribution of the external exposure (according to the alternative values) showed the elevated dose associated thyroid cancer rates in the studied cohort. Alternatively estimated EAR/104 PY-Gy were of 1.86 (95% CI 0.47-3.24) and 2.07 (95% CI 0.53-3.62); ERR/Gy - 2.38 (95% CI 0.60-4.15) and 2.66 (95% CI 0.68-4.64) and AR % (Gy) 70.4% and 72.7% Gy. Conclusions. Obtained results prove the dose dependent increase of thyroid cancer incidence among Ukrainian Chornobyl clean-up workers. These conclusions are consistent with those received for combined cohort of Belarus, Russia and Baltic States liquidators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Development of methodology for reconstruction of individualized exposure doses for persons residing at radioactively contaminated after Chornobyl accident territories. Materials and methods of research. The methodology is based on the data of radio-ecological (ground, meal) and dosimetric (WBC measurements) monitoring held in Ukraine in 1986-2013, the results of which are saved in data bases of Central Ecological and Dosimetric Register of Radiological Protection Laboratory of NRCRM. It is presented four levels of individualization of exposure doses. Each subsequent level of the model is based on the previous one and takes into account additional parameters, and as a result a model of the next level comprises more number of exposure situations and provides more accurate estimates. Using the methodology it is necessary to select a model of such level that enables to solve in the best way the assignments posed before a researcher. For the population of radioactively contaminated territories, two main ways of exposure are considered: (a) external gamma-exposure from radionuclides in the ground, and (b) internal exposure from consumption of radioactively contaminated meal. The dose is evaluated from all the main radionuclides of radioactive accident deposition, and in case of internal exposure after 1986 - only from radio-isotopes of cesium (134Cs and 137Cs). Results. Individualized doses are evaluated for different age groups of population residing in 10 raions of the most contaminated after Chornobyl accident Oblasts of Ukraine: Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne and Chernihiv Oblasts. Dose estimates are presented weighted by the number of residents in settlements of specific raions. Among them are: the dose for 1986, doses accumulated during the first 15 years after the accident (1986-2000), and during the period of 32 years after the accident (1986-2017). Conclusions. Average raion dose reconstructed for adult residents of the most radioactively contaminated Narodychy Raion of Zhytomyr Oblast in 1986 was 18 mSv, and accumulated during the whole period after the accident was 51 mSv. The lowest doses among abovementioned 10 raions were obtained by persons residing at the territory of Kozelets and Ripky Raions of Chernihiv Oblast. Average dose for them in 1986 constituted 1.3 and 1.7 mSv, and the one accumulated during 32 years was 6.1 and 6.2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: revision, analysis, and significant improvement of quality of the database of WBC measurements made in 1986-2014 at radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine by the use of renewal of informational gaps and improvement of the model for assessment of internal exposure doses. Materials and methods. Inthe period from 1986 to 2014 experts of the Whole Body Counters Laboratory of NRCRM accumulated about 1.5 million results of WBC measurementsof radio-cesium incorporated in the body of persons residing at the territories which are radioactively contaminated due to Chornobyl accident. Most of measurements (~64%) were made during the first 15 years after the accident. The most of measurements were made in Kyiv (~23%), Zhytomyr (~36%), Rivne (~20%) and Chernihiv (~5%) Oblasts. Works on revision of database of WBC measurements included: transformation of data saved in paper format into electronic form, checking for correctness and correspondence of information, renewal of lacking information at the fields of database, improvement of the model for evaluation of internal exposure doses by the data of WBC measurements. In the model for evaluation of revised doses, it is assumed uniform content of radio-cesium during a year. Reference values are used of metabolism parameters and anthropometric human parameters recommended in publications of ICRP. Results. Revised doses have been reconstructed for 1,386,585 records of data base of WBC measurements that fit specially elaborated criterions for estimation of quality of results. Among them 604,215 records are WBC measurements of children and adolescents younger than 18, and 782,370 records correspond to adult inhabitants of Ukraine, most of which reside in Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne and Chenihiv Oblasts. Conclusions. Obtained results serve as a ground for further works on improvement of models for evaluation of passport doses and individualized exposure doses of subjects registered in Ukrainian State Register - of persons that affected due to Chornobyl accident. Evaluated doses can be used for epidemiological, clinical and other research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cohort epidemiological study of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) was conducted in population evacuated from the 30-km zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) been adult at the time of the accident (age 18-60). Study period was 1988-2016. Review of the specific CVD link with internal thyroid radiation dose from 131I has been made. Objective. Establishing the time pattern of CVD morbidity in population evacuated from the ChNPP exclusion zone been adult at the time of the accident, depending on age, sex, time after the accident and internal thyroid radiation dose from 131I. Materials and methods. Data of the State Register of Ukraine on persons who survived after the ChNPP accident (SRU). The time pattern of morbidity was studied according to the observation periods (1988-1992; 1993-1997; 1998-2002; 2003-2007; 2008-2012 and 2013-2016), taking into account age, sex and thyroid radiation dose. The research cohort included 42,982 people with 18,133 men and 24,849 women among them. Data on the thyroid radiation doses in the SRU are seriously limited. Personal data on the radiation dose are available only in 957 people who just were included in the especially studied cohort. Dose intervals 0-0.3, 0.31-0.75, 0.76-2.0 Gy were adopted to review the influence of radiation factor on the CVD development. The data analysis was conducted on a mixed cohort of two age groups under the emergence of radiation effects (the «early» stage, covering the first 6 years from the moment of the accident, the «remote» stage - from 1998 to 2007, the «late» stage - 2008-2016). Results. Study results indicate that the post-accident period is characterized by an increase in the level of CVD. The incidence rate increase occurred in the second observation period (1993-1997), that is, 6 years after the accident, regardless of sex and age at the time of the accident. The peak of the incidence occurs in the third and fourth periods (1998-2002 and 2003-2007) of observation. Since 2008 there is a gradual decrease in morbidity. In all periods of observation the higher levels of CVD were registered in older people, i.e. 40-60 years at the time of an accident. In the first 11 post-accidental years the higher levels of CVD incidence were observed in women, but in a later period after an accident (12-26 years) in men. At a dose interval of 0.31-0.75 Gy a reliable link was established between the level of CVD with the with internal thyroid radiation dose from 131I. In other dose intervals the dose-dependent effects are unstable. Conclusions. The post-accident period was marked by a significant increase in the level of CVD morbidity in the adult evacuees from the 30-km zone of the ChNPP. The incidence rate increase occurred since the 7th till the 21st year after the ChNPP accident with the peak of morbidity from 12th to 21st years upon the accident. In the period that covered 22-30 years a decrease in the incidence rate was established. Connection of the specific forms of CVD with internal thyroid radiation dose from 131I has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study objective. To elaborate an ecological&dosimetric model of reconstruction individualized exposure doses of subjects from the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) - of persons, affected due to Chornobyl accident and reside at the radioactive contaminated territory of Korosten raion of Zhytomyr Oblast, and to calculate exposure doses for those persons. Materials and methods. In the paper, an ecological&dosimetric model is presented which is elaborated in order to individualize exposure doses of people who reside in Korosten raion of Zhytomyr Oblast and are registered in SRU. The model is based on the results of radio&ecological and dosimetric monitoring held in the period of 1986-2013 at the territory of northern oblasts of Ukraine. Annual dose over each post&accidental year consists of the two compo& nents: (a) annual effective dose of external gamma exposure (due to radioactive fallout on the ground), and (b) internal exposure of the whole body (due to consumption of meal contaminated by radioactive isotopes). For 1986, the dose of internal exposure is evaluated out of all main radionuclides of radioactive accidental fallout, and after 1987 only for radioisotopes of caesium (134Cs and 137Cs). The parameterization of the model is based on the pre& vious experience in working out a complex of ecological&dosimetric models for estimation of referent exposure doses of Ukrainian population. Results and conclusions. Individualized doses of external and internal exposure (annual and accumulated) are estimated for the population of various age groups that resides in the settlements of Korosten raion (totally about 100 settlements). Separately the doses are presented for rural settlements of the raion and for the city of Korosten for each year of the post&accidental period of 1986-2016. Estimates of doses are given that were accumulated: (a) during 15 years just after the accident, (b) for the period of 2000-2016, and (c) for 30 year period after the acci& dent. Mean dose accumulated for 30 years after the Chornobyl accident by residents of rural settlements of Korosten raion is estimated as 19.8 mSv, and for inhabitants of the Korosten city as 20.9 mSv. On condition of permanent res& idence in the raion, residents of about 66% settlements of Korosten raion accumulated the doses in the interval 5& 20 mSv during 30 years after the accident. For the residents of about 25% settlements the accumulated dose is in the interval 20-50 mSv, and for 7% of settlements it exceeds 50 mSv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Explore hemomicrocirculation changes after radiation exposure depending of irradiation dose in dynam-ics. Materials and methods. The research conducted on 470 clean&up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident. After 10-15 years after radiation exposure examined 450 Chornobyl clean&up workers in age of 28 to 65 years. The con& trol group consisted of 110 industrial workers who had not a contact of IR. In 22 years after radiation exposure sep& arately examined 20 randomly selected Chornobyl clean&up workers accident. The microcirculation state examine by the vessels biomicroscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva. The statistical analysis of the results of the study included the determination of the t coefficient (Student's), correlation coefficient and its error. Results. The research of the state of microcirculation in the conjunctiva revealed the presence of significant irreg& ularities in exposure persons in the period of 10-15 years after radiation exposure. The dependence educed of the degree and frequency of pathology of the microvessels of dose accumulation. In 22 years after radiation exposure hemomicrocirculation violations remained widespread, a large proportion was vascular and perivascular changes. Established that the dose dependences for changes of the microcirculation in the remote period in participants work at Chornobyl in 1986 save. Conclusions. It is shown that the appearance of the significant violations of microcirculation state in the conjunc& tiva observed in exposed persons in the period from 10 to 15 years after radiation exposure. In 22 years after radi& ation exposure dose dependence hemomicrocirculation violations remained widespread, and clinical features are preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The study was aimed at evaluating features of brain information processes and cognitive functioning in the remote period after irradiation due to the Chornobyl accident by using cognitive evoked potentials P300. Materials and Methods. The study included 128 people, 112 male Chornobyl clean&up workers in 1986-1987 with the records of radiation doses available in Clinical and Epidemiological Registry (CER) of State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM) (study group) and 16 unexposed persons due to the Chornobyl disaster (control group). At the time of the survey the average age of clean&up workers (M ± SD) was (57.3 ± 5.9) years, range 44-65 years, and of unex& posed persons was (57.3 ± 6.5) years, range 44-65 years. Radiation doses were within the range 0.0002-1.23 Gy, with the arithmetic mean dose (M ± SD) of (0.2 ± 0.2) Gy and the geometric mean dose of 0.1 Gy. Results. The radiocerebral effect in the projection of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) proportionally to the radiation dose with the possible threshold of 0.05 Gy of total irradiation was revealed, with increasing radiation dose cognitive component P300 amplitude reduces and its latency period (LP) increases, espe& cially at doses > 0.3-0.5 Gy. At doses > 0.5 Gy the functional relationship with the radiation dose for LP P300 increase in the projection of Wernicke's area (r = 0.9; p = 0.027) has been found. Conclusions. The neurophysiological features detected are fully consistent with hypotheses both on radiosensitiv& ity of human central nervous system and accelerated aging of the brain under the influence of small doses of ioniz& ing radiation, and have questioned the feasibility of long&term manned space flights (including Mars) until the development of adequate radiation hygiene standardization for space crews and invention of means for radiation protection of space flights. Further dynamic clinical and neurophysiological monitoring of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation is necessary. To identify the neurophysiological biological markers of ionizing radiation further international researches with adequate dosimetry support are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Assess the risk of macular degeneration development in persons exposed in utero as a result of Chornobyl NPP accident. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the state of the macular area of the retina of 84 individuals exposed in utero as a result of the Chornobyl disaster. They were surveyed at the age of 14-30. The results of stan& dardized ophthalmic examinations conducted between 2000 and 2016 were used. The control group consisted of 165 persons who have not undergone prenatal exposure and were examined at the same age as the core group. All patients were examined according to the formalized ophthalmic protocol procedure, examination included ophthal& moscopy and fundus&camera photography (VISUCAM lite Digital Camera, Zeiss). Statistical analysis of the survey results was carried out using the free trial version of «Open Epi 2.2.1» software package. Results. It is shown that the prevalence of macular degeneration of the retina at the age of 14-30 for persons exposed in utero was 95.23 ± 32.03 in 1000 and compared with control age (17.86 ± 10.31 in 1000) was significant& ly higher (χ2 = 7.827, p = 0.0026). Conclusions. In the under 30 age group of the antenatally exposed there already appear macular degenerations whose clinical picture resembles age&related macular degeneration. It is proved that the prevalence of macular degeneration was significantly higher in the group of antenatally exposed as compared with non&irradiated control at the same age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally recognized that the Chornobyl nuclear accident caused strong psychosocial stress affecting the entire population of Ukraine, primarily people involved in recovery operations. But what are the reasons? What is the struc& ture of stressors? What are their social, medical and biological consequences, what are strategy and preventive meas& ures? Issues that require special research and development. Objective. To study social and psychological state of the Chornobyl cleanup workers 1986-1987, and to determine regularities of changes and dangerous risk factors. Materials and Methods. On the basis of Polyclinic of Radiation Registry, NRCRM, we conducted sample epidemiolog& ical study of social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean&up workers 1986-1987. We used method of inter& viewing based on «questionnaire», specially developed for this purpose. The study was conducted in October 2013 - May 2015. The sample numbered 235 males aged 18-50 at the time of the accident. Their average age was (31.3 ± 5.3) years at the time of the accident and (58.9 ± 5.3) at the time of survey. Results. The results revealed that the Chornobyl nuclear accident and its consequences caused strong social and psychological stress among clean&up workers 1986-1987. We have identified a set of factors closely related to the Chornobyl accident, they have caused a sustainable development of mental syndrome - «Anxiety about their own health and the health of family members, especially children». The other set of stressors which are not closely relat& ed to the Chornobyl accident but are the result of the social and economic, social and political situation in the coun& try. However the former was found to be the cause of such a psychological state as «dissatisfaction with the com& pleteness and quality of life». Conclusions. Social and psychological state of the Chornobyl clean&up workers 1986-1987 is estimated as «poor» and it integrally can be characterized as a state of chronic psychosocial stress. Mental syndrome «Anxiety about per& sonal health and the health of family members» and psychological syndrome «Dissatisfaction with living condi& tions» are main consequences of this state. We identified the main stressors closely related to the consequences of the Chornobyl accident as well as those that are not related to the accident but affect profoundly the level of men& tal, social and physical well&being. Results of the research are of great importance in organization and provision of social, medical and antiradiation protection of population under emergency situations involving radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of implementation risks of malignant tumors in some small areas of Ukraine in the pre- and post-accident period. Materials and methods. The study population group - the population of the Malyn rayon, Zhytomyr region. The period of observation covered 1980-2014. There was investigated the incidence of malignant tumors in general and individual nosological forms (thyroid cancer, breast cancer, tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid system). Methods of variation statistics and descriptive epidemiology were used. Results. Characteristics of ionizing radiation influence on the population of Malyn rayon indicate the potential for negative effects, especially for thyroid cancer. Besides the fact that the average total effective radiation dose whole body by radioactive cesium in Malyn rayon population (5.9 mSv) are at medium level in Zhytomyr region and is significantly lower in comparison with those of other areas of the northern part of the oblast, the exposure of thyroid 236 mGy, is significantly higher than the regional figures - 81 mGy. Although the level of morbidity Malyn rayon of malignant tumors in general was about at the national level for 1999-2003 and lower it in the 2012-2014, exceed- ing the figures of Zhytomyr region, the incidence of thyroid cancer in the 2012-2014 in Malin area was 1.7 times higher in comparison with data for Ukraine and in 1.9 times in comparison with the data in Zhytomyr region. As in most northern areas that fell under radioactive iodine fallouts, there is the realization of increased radiation risk of cancer of this organ. The incidence of breast cancer in female population Malyn rayon is the lowest in comparison with Ukraine and Zhitomir regions. However, the rate of increase in this area is the highest. Conclusions. The results indicate the need for further monitoring of occurrence of cancer cases in the population of not only Ukraine as a whole, or large administrative units, but also among the population in small areas, taking into account the probability of the realization of risks of radiation-associated disease cases according to local environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review deals with the latest information concerning the studies of the effect of the Chornobyl accident on the mental health of different population groups of Belarus. Observed the pathogenesis of mental disorders, developing in individuals living in the contaminated territories. Reviewed different factors affecting the mental health of such population group as the liquidators. Disclosed is a phenomenon of squatters ("samosely") - people who voluntarily returned to their homes in the exclusion zone after the forced relocation. The data studies, including its own, mental disorders in children, exposed to radioactive exposure in different periods of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]