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Ellipsoidal structure of copper sodium tartrate trihydrate crystal. A new copper (II) sodium (I) tartrate trihydrate with general formula of [(Na 2 Cu 2 (C 4 H 4 O 6) 3 (H 2 O) 3) 3H 2 O] (NaCuT) was synthesized and grown from the silica gel. The monoclinic structure and the space group P2 1 of the as-grown crystal are calculated and non identical with copper tartrate is found by the single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies. The presence of O H, C O, C O, C H and M O bonds were confirmed by Raman FTIR spectroscopy. The UV spectrum showed the transmittance in the Ultra-Violet region about the lower cutoff wavelength at 310.5 nm which makes the material to be suitable for UV filters. Different decomposition stages with respect to the mass loss of the copper sodium tartrate were studied by thermo gravimetric analysis. Occurrence of the improved electrical conductivity by the pi electrons of the C O and O-H----O groups of the CuNaT crystal was established by the dielectric studies. From Z-scan studies, the present sample proved its suitability for non linear optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In current trending photonic and optoelectronic devices the KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) crystal seek prime importance hence in present communication we explore the decisive impact of Ni2+ on linear-nonlinear optical, dielectric and microhardness properties of KDP crystal. The Ni2+ doped KDP bulk single crystal has been successfully grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The doping of Ni in crystal matrix of KDP has been determined by means of energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis. The powder X-ray diffraction technique has been employed to evaluate the crystalline phase and structural parameters of grown crystal. The influence of Ni2+ on linear optical transmittance of KDP crystal has been comparatively examined within 200–1100 nm by means of UV–vis analysis. The pure and Ni2+ doped KDP crystal has been subjected to Kurtz-Perry test and the remarkably enhanced SHG efficiency of Ni2+ doped KDP crystal is found to be 3.89 times higher than KDP crystal. The frequency response of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of undoped and Ni2+ doped KDP crystal has been evaluated within 50 Hz to 1 MHz. The constructive impact of Ni2+ on microhardness properties of KDP crystal has been confirmed by means of Vickers microhardness analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystals enduring strong thiourea-metal coordinated ligand demonstrate outstanding combination of dielectric and optical properties which are exclusively desirable for nonlinear optical (NLO) device applications and thus current study has been designed to investigate the semiorganic cadmium thiourea acetate (CTA) complex crystal. The pure and l -lysine (LL) influenced CTA complex crystals have been grown by commercial slow solvent evaporation technique at room temperature. The structural parameters of grown crystals have been experimentally determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The UV–vis spectral analysis has been employed within the wavelength range of 200–1100 nm to examine the effect of LL on optical transparency and extinction coefficient of CTA crystal. The enhancing effect of organic ligand of LL on second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of CTA complex crystal has been discussed and the SHG efficiency has been determined by employing the Kurtz-Perry powder test. The reliance of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of pure and LL influenced CTA crystal on temperature has been examined within the range of 35–90 °C. The compatibility of LL doped CTA crystal for distinct technological device applications have been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nanostructure of CdSe in presence of CTAB, synthesized via solvothermal process, has been reported. The structural, morphological, optical and dielectric properties of the synthesized CdSe nanostructure have been studied. The synthesized CdSe nanostructure has pure wurtzite structure with average particle diameter of 16 nm and length 160 nm as confirmed by SEM. The band gap of the observed nanostructure is found to be 2.2 eV. The photoluminescence, FTIR and dielectric properties of the prepared nanostructutre have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystal hold strong impetus in photonic industries for distinct applications therefore in current investigation slow solvent evaporation technique has been employed to grow pure and Ni 2+ ion doped ADP crystal at room temperature and emphasis was given to explore the synchronized influence of each mole concentration of dopant Ni 2+ ion on studied properties of ADP crystal. The qualitative analysis of grown crystals has been achieved by means of energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis. The grown crystals were subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the crystal structure, space group and unit cell dimensions. The UV–vis spectral analysis has been employed within wavelength range of 200–900 nm to uncover the effect of increasing concentration of Ni 2+ ion on optical transmittance of ADP crystal. The pure and Ni 2+ ion doped ADP crystals were subjected to dielectric measurements at 30 °C to assess the frequency response of dielectric constant and dielectric loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present investigation the Cu 2+ impurity has been doped in zinc thiourea chloride (ZTC) complex in order to explore the effect of metallic impurity on morphological, structural, luminescence and dielectric properties of ZTC crystal. The Cu 2+ ion doped ZTC crystal has been grown from aqueous solution at ambient temperature by slow solvent evaporation process. The morphology of grown Cu 2+ ion doped ZTC bulk single crystal has been reported. The crystalline phase and structural parameters of grown crystal has been evaluated by means of powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The photoluminescence study has been employed to investigate the color centered photoluminescence behavior of pure and doped ZTC crystals. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements have been carried out to examine the impact of Cu 2+ ion doping on dielectric constant and dielectric loss of ZTC crystal. The possible device application of improved quality Cu 2+ ion doped ZTC crystal has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation is aimed to grow the bulk crystal and investigate the UV-visible, photoconductivity, and dielectric properties of Cu 2+ ion doped zinc thiourea chloride (ZTC) crystal. For bulk growth, the most commercial slow solvent evaporation technique has been adopted and a 30 × 24 × 04 mm 3 bulk single crystal of Cu 2+ ion doped ZTC material has been grown by controlling the pH of aqueous solution. The doping of Cu 2+ ion in ZTC crystal has been confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopic technique. The assertive influence of Cu 2+ ion on optical transparency of ZTC crystal has been ascertained in the wavelength range of 200–900 nm. The vital optical constants such as extinction coefficient, reflectance and refractive index have been evaluated using the transmittance data. The negative photoconductivity nature of Cu 2+ ion doped ZTC crystal has been evaluated in the voltage range limited up to 100 V. The frequency and temperature effect on response of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of Cu 2+ ion doped ZTC crystal has been exclusively investigated. The obtained results were integrated to discuss the benefits and utility of grown crystal for advanced technological device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with comparative study on growth, optical (UV-visible, second harmonic generation efficiency) and dielectric properties of pure and salicylic acid (SA) doped potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDOP) crystal grown at 36 °C from slow evaporation solution growth technique. The functional groups of grown crystals have been qualitatively analyzed by means of fourier transform infrared analysis. The UV-visible studies have been carried out in the range of 200–900 nm to determine the optical transparency of grown crystals. The vital optical constants (extinction coefficient and reflectance) have been evaluated using the transmittance data to discuss the utility of grown crystal for distinct optical applications. The impact of centrosymmetric additive SA on SHG efficiency of KDOP crystal has been evaluated by means of Kurtz-Perry powder test. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of pure and SA doped KDOP crystal has been comparatively investigated in the temperature range of 35–100 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-organic single crystals of pure tris (thiourea) zinc selenate (TTZS) were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. X-ray diffraction studies inferred the orthorhombic nature and Pca2 1 space group of the title crystal. The elemental analysis has been performed to ascertain the purity and stoichiometry of TTZS crystals. UV spectral analysis has been conducted in order to figure out the values of transmittance, band gap energy, Urbach’s energy, nature of electronic transitions, reflectance, refractive index, optical and electrical conductivities, extinction coefficient and electrical susceptibility. Single oscillator parameters have also been calculated from the UV analysis. The dielectric response of the grown crystals has been thoroughly analyzed at different temperature values with varying frequencies. The ac conductivity studies are used to bring out the activation energy values of the electrical process. A theoretical approach has been adopted to unveil the solid state parameters of the crystal which include valence electron plasma energy, Penn gap, Fermi energy and polarisability. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the title crystal has been evaluated by Kurtz-Perry technique. The correlation between the spectral and electrical properties with the non linear second harmonic generating efficiency of TTZS has been successfully substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystal of l -cystine (LC) doped cadmium thiourea acetate (CTA) material has been grown by slow solution evaporation technique. The crystalline phase and structural parameters of LC doped CTA crystal has been evaluated using the powder X-ray diffraction technique. The color centered emission in grown crystal has been examined in the visible region of interest using the photoluminescence study. The thermal stability and the melting point of LC doped CTA crystal has been investigated using the simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) technique employed in the temperature range of 50–500 °C. The dielectric properties of pure and LC doped CTA crystal has been comparatively investigated at different temperatures by means of dielectric measurement study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present investigation crystal of calcium bis thiourea chloride (CBTC) material has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The grown CBTC crystal has been characterized by dielectric, laser damage threshold, thermal and photoconductivity studies. The laser damage threshold of CBTC crystal has been determined using the Nd:YAG laser operative in pulse mode at 1064 nm. The thermal stability of CBTC crystal has been determined by means of simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The CBTC crystal is found thermally stable up to 190 °C. The frequency dependent response of dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CBTC crystal has been studied by means of dielectric measurement studies. The origin of photo current and dark current in CBTC crystal has been investigated by employing photoconductivity study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present investigation is to assess the impact of l -glutamine (LG) on optical, dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties of zinc thiourea sulphate (ZTS) crystal. The crystalline phase and structural parameters of pure and LG doped ZTS crystal has been confirmed by means of powder XRD analysis. The incorporation of LG in ZTS crystal has been qualitative analyzed by means of energy dispersive spectroscopic technique. The UV–vis spectral analysis has been carried out within 200–900 nm to examine the impact of LG on optical properties of ZTS crystals. The photo excited electronic transitions in LG-ZTS crystals have been investigated under the photoluminescence study. The differential scanning calorimetric technique has been employed to ascertain the melting point of pure and doped ZTS crystal materials. Vickers microhardness analysis has been carried out to measure the substantial enhancement in mechanical strength of ZTS crystal later to addition of LG. The temperature dependent dielectric measurements confirmed the lower dielectric properties of LG-ZTS crystal. The enhancement in second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of LG doped ZTS crystal has been confirmed by means of standard kurtz-perry powder analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current study doping of glycine (G) in potassium thiourea chloride (PTC) crystal has been firstly achieved and glycine doped PTC (G-PTC) crystal has been grown by slow solution evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters of crystals have been determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The functional groups of pure and G-PTC crystal have been identified using Fourier transform infrared analysis. In UV–visible studies, the increased optical transparency of G-PTC crystal has been measured within 200–900 nm and the optical constants have been determined using the transmittance data. The Kurtz and Perry test has been performed to confirm the enhancement in second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of G-PTC crystal as compared to KDP and PTC crystal. The temperature dependent dielectric analysis has been carried out to investigate the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of grown crystal. The thermal stability of the grown crystal has been determined using the thermogravimetric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystals of pure and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O doped Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate) crystals are grown from solution at room temperature. The thermal studies such as TGA (thermo gravimetric analysis) shows that there are four stages of decomposition which is confirmed through the four endothermic peaks found in the DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) curve for both pure and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O doped Rochelle salt crystals. The magnetic susceptibility of the pure and doped crystals were found out to be 42.483 × 10 −6 and 40.29 × 10 −6 emu, respectively. Similarly, the magnetic moment of pure and doped crystals have been found out to be 3.19 BM and 3.10 BM, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of Pure and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O doped Rochelle salt crystals for various concentrations are explained in detail. The dielectric constant of pure and doped crystal decreases as the frequency of applied field increases at the end it gives diminishing value of dielectric constant. The dielectric nature of pure and doped crystals have been compared. The antimicrobial activity of pure and doped crystals shows the inhibition zone diameter for various concentrations with respect to E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of l -histidinium p -toluenesulfonate [LHPT], an organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, have been grown by slow evaporation solution method at room temperature. The crystal system was confirmed from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional groups were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. UV–visible spectrum shows that the cut-off wavelength of LHPT occurs at 275 nm. Photoluminescence studies conforms the violet fluorescence emission peak at 375 nm. Thermal properties, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of LHPT were examined using TG/DTA and dielectric analysis respectively. The SHG efficiency of grown LHPT was measured by employing Kurtz and Perry powder technique for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisthiourea nickel bromide (BTNB) single crystal has been grown by solution growth technique at room temperature. The crystal structure and lattice parameters were determined for the grown crystal by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Optical constants like band gap, refractive index, reflectance, extinction coefficient and electric susceptibility were determined from UV–vis-NIR spectrum. Nonlinear optical property was discussed to confirm the SHG efficiency of the grown crystal. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was analyzed using Vickers microhardness tester. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of bisthiourea nickel bromide are measured in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz at different temperatures. The ac conductivity studies were carried out on bisthiourea nickel bromide crystals. In order to investigate the growth mechanism and surface features, etching studies are carried out for the crystal. Photoconductivity studies were carried out on bisthiourea nickel bromide crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Single crystals of a nonlinear optical material, zinc thiourea chloride were grown by the slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure and lattice parameters of the grown crystal were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The single crystal XRD revealed that the material crystallized in a orthorhombic crystal system. Optical studies were carried out and it was found that the tendency of transmission observed from the specimen, with respect to the wavelength of light, is practically more suitable for opto-electronic applications. The optical band gap is found to be 4.30eV. Optical constants such as the band gap, refractive index, reflectance, extinction coefficient and real (ɛ r ) and imaginary (ɛ i ) components of the dielectric constant and electric susceptibility were determined from the UV–vis–NIR spectrum. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of zinc thiourea chloride were measured in the different frequency range from 50Hz to 5MHz at different temperatures. Further, electronic properties, such as valence electron plasma energy, Penn gap, Fermi energy and electronic polarizability of the grown crystal have been estimated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new NLO organic crystal of salicylideneaniline (SAN) was synthesized and SAN bulk crystal was grown along <412> plane using uniaxial crystal growth method of Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy with a new modification in the growth assembly. The crystal was grown with a growth rate of 2mm/day upto a dimension of 4cm in length and 6cm in diameter having a cylindrical morphology within 30 days. The powder XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline perfection. The presence of C N bond with intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the protonation of ions were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The range of optical absorbance was ascertained by recording UV–vis–NIR spectrum. The 1H1 and C13 NMR spectrum confirms the molecular structure. Dielectric studies were carried out to estimate the dielectric parameters of the grown crystal in the frequency range from 100Hz to 100KHz. The existence of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal was observed using Nd:YAG laser with the fundamental wavelength of 1064nm. Phase matching parameters of the grown crystal confirms that salicylideneaniline is a promising candidate for LASER applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystals of 2-furoic acid were grown by slow evaporation method within a period of 5 weeks at room temperature. The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV–vis-NIR analysis, dielectric and surface analysis. The band gap energy is also calculated from UV studies. Theoretical calculations for polarizability which are useful for device fabrication are also made using Clausius–Mosotti equation and Penn analysis and their results are compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single crystals of α-hopeite exhibiting high transparency were grown by single diffusion gel growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal belongs to orthorhombic system. The values of several structural and physical parameters have been determined for the grown crystal. The optical absorption study reveals the transparency of the crystal and is noticed in the entire visible region and the cut-off wavelength was found to be 230nm. The optical band gap found to be at 3.25eV. The dependence of extinction co-efficient (k) and the refractive index (n) on the wavelength was also shown. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystal was studied as a function of frequency and temperature. Transport properties of the grown crystal have been studied from the Cole–Cole plot. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Single crystals of l -histidine monohydrochloride phosphate (LHP), semi organic crystal were grown by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were subjected to various studies such as single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dielectric properties such as frequency variation, temperature variation & activation energy of the grown crystal were found. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the crystal belongto orthorhombic crystallographic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Doping of Zn enhanced the optical transparency of KDP crystal by 9%. • The enhanced SHG efficiency of Zn-KDP crystal is 1.55 × KDP. • Doping of Zn tunes the nonlinear refraction of KDP crystal from positive to negative. • The χ3 of 6 × 10−4 esu infer high charge delocalization ability of Zn-KDP crystal. • Zn reduced dielectrics of KDP crystal vital for optoelectronics device applications. Pure (KH 2 PO 4 , KDP) and zinc (Zn2+) influenced KH 2 PO 4 (Zn-KDP) crystal have been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The structural details of grown crystals were determined by means of powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The incorporation of Zn2+ in KDP crystal has been qualitatively analyzed by virtue of energy dispersive spectroscopy. The paramount linear optical constant of pure and Zn-KDP crystals have been illustrated using the transmission data from UV–vis spectral analysis recorded within range 200−900 nm. Kurtz–Perry test reveals the enhancement of 1.55 times in SHG efficiency of Zn-KDP crystal with reference to KDP. First ever, third order nonlinear optical (TONLO) parameters of Zn-KDP crystal has been investigated using Z-scan technique. Laser withstanding limit of Zn-KDP crystal has been determined by laser damage threshold (LDT) study. The dielectric response of pure and Zn-KDP crystals has been investigated at different temperatures. Microscopic etching study was employed to evaluate the crystal quality of grown crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Succinonitrile as a high dielectric component has been introduced to the N-Phthaloylchitosan (PhCh) based gel polymer electrolyte to enhance its electrical property. Gel electrolytes comprising (PhCh-PEO-TPAI-EC-Iodine-SN) have been prepared by varying 0−10 wt.% Succinonitrile (SN). High dielectric constant and charge mobility of SN resulted in enhanced conductivity value of 1.30 × 10−2 S cm-1 at 2 wt. % as compared to that of 7.84 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 0 wt.% at 25 °C. Relationship between conductivity and temperature of gel electrolyte having additive as SN obeys Arrhenius law. Dielectric studies were also studied to analyse the electrical phenomenon of the gel polymer electrolyte. The highest conductive gel polymer electrolyte was implied in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which showed an overall efficiency of 4.82% with open circuit voltage, V oc of 0.63 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LT-BTZA bulk crystal of 5 cm has been grown. • Optical transparency of LT-BTZA crystal is 21 % higher than BTZA. • SHG efficiency of LT-BTZA is 1.59 times BTZA while it is 1.45 times KDP crystal. • Dielectric constant of LT-BTZA crystal is lower than BTZA. • LT-BTZA crystal is thermally stable up to 137 °C. In present research article the single crystal has been grown and change in traits of BTZA crystal has been evaluated by comparative approach. The single crystal X-ray diffraction technique has been utilized to determine the structural configurations of pure and LT influenced BTZA crystal. LT influenced BTZA sample has been subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopic technique to find out the chemical composition. The UV–vis spectral analysis has been carried out within 200−900 nm to explore rise in transmittance of BTZA crystal due to LT. The prominent increase in frequency doubling efficiency of LT influenced BTZA crystal has been confirmed by means of Kurtz-Perry test. The temperature dependence of electrical parameters of pure and LT influenced BTZA crystal has been comparatively evaluated confined to 30−100 °C range. The thermal stability of LT influenced BTZA crystal has been performed within 40−400 °C by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]