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A series of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port numbers that appeared in the March 2007 issue of "Network Dictionary" are presented.

An encyclopedia entry for "Ungermann-Bass Net/One" (UB Net/One) is presented. It is a routing protocol developed by UB Networks which uses hello packets and a path-delay metric, with end nodes communicating using the Xerox Network Services (XNS) protocol. It states that there are a number of differences between the manner in which Net/One uses the XNS protocol and the usage common among other XNS nodes.

A definition of the term "Wellfleet Source Routing Bridging" (Wellfleet SRB) is presented. It refers to the proprietary header of Bay Networks, now part of Nortel, that processes Token Ring information over Wide Area Network (WAN) lines.

An encyclopedia entry about "X.25" is presented. It refers to an ISO and ITU-T protocol for wide area network (WAN) communications which defines the exchange of data as well as the control of information between a user device called Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and a network node called Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE).

A definition of the term "Wavelength Routing Protocol" (WaRP) is presented. It refers to a protocol that enables the provisioning, routing, protection and restoration of virtual wavelength paths (VWP) through an optical network based on intelligent communication between Cisco 15900 Series Wavelength Routers.

A definition of the term "Virtual Path Identifier (VPI)" is presented. It refers to a routing label used in the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) header. The VPI identifies the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series of ATM switches on its way to its destination. It is noted that a VPI field has eight to twelve bits.

A definition of the term "Traceroute" in computer networking is presented. Originally written by Van Jacobson in 1988, traceroute is a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) utility which allows the user to determine the route packets taken to reach a particular host. The term also refers to both a utility and the output of the utility.

An encyclopedia entry for "Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol" (TAP) is presented. It is a simple protocol that involves the forwarding of alphanumeric pages. This protocol may co-exist with Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP). It may be used to forward binary data to radio frequency-linked computers if input is formatted and processed.

An encyclopedia entry for "Spatial Reuse Protocol" is presented. This is the underpinning of Cisco's proprietary metropolitan IP offerings, and will be a key component of the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR).

A dictionary entry for the term "Source Specific Multicast (SSM)" is presented. SSM is a datagram delivery model that supports one-to-many applications, also known as broadcast applications. It is intended to provide unambiguous semantics to the designers of the protocols and host interfaces used in conjunction with source-specific multicast.

A definition of the term "SMB Signing" is presented. It refers to a secure version of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol.

An encyclopedia entry for "Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) version 2," is presented. It has exactly the same Get, GetNext and Set operations used in SNMP version 1. However, the Trap operation of the version 2 of SNMP uses a different message format although it serves the same function as that used in version 1.

A definition of the term "Secondary Ring" is presented. It refers to one or two rings that compose the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) or copper distributed data interface (CDDI) ring. If the primary ring fails, the secondary ring will take its place.

An definition of the term "Routing Information Protocol for the IPv6" is presented. It is based on protocols and algorithms used extensively in the IPv4 Internet. The routing protocol used within an Autonomous Systems is referred to as an Interior Gateway Protocol. While an Exterior Gateway Protocol is a separate protocol used to transfer routing information among the Autonomous Systems.

A definition of the term "remote monitoring (RMON) is presented. It refers to a standard monitoring specification that enables various network monitors and console systems to exchange network-monitoring data. It provides network administrators with more freedom in selecting network-monitoring probes and consoles with features that meet their specific networking needs.

A definition of the term "Protocol Data Unit" is presented. It refers to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) term for packet, which is the data unit formatted to be transferred over the network layer. It consists of the layer's Header, Trailer and Data encapsulated.

A definition of the term "Pre-IKE Credential (PIC) Provisioning Protocol" in relation to security system is presented. This protocol is the proposed replacement for the Internet Key exchange (IKE) protocol. A method for developing the Internet Protocol security (IPsec) authentication through an Authentication Server (AS) and legacy user authentication is being ran by PIC.

A definition of the term "PPP Multilink Protocol" is presented. It refers to a method for splitting, recombining and sequencing datagrams across multiple logical data links. It is based on an LCP password recovery tool option negotiation that allows a system to indicate that it is capable of combining multiple physical links into a "bundle."

A definition of the term "Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)" is presented. It refers to the protocol used in UMTS 3G network to map higher-level protocol characteristics onto the characteristics of the underlying radio-interface protocols. It is added that PDCP provides protocol control information compression.

A definition of the term "Object Exchange" is presented. It refers to a communication protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices. Object Exchange is maintained by the Infrared Data Association but has also been by adopted by the Bluetooth Specialist Interest Group and the SyncML wing of the OMA. One of its applications was in the Palm III personal digital assistant.

An encyclopedia entry for "Multiple Instances Spanning Tree Protocol" is presented. Multiple Instances Spanning Tree Protocol (MISTP) is a Cisco standard that allows several virtual local area networks (VLAN) to be mapped to a reduced number of spanning-tree instances. The Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Protocol was based on MISTP.

An encyclopedia entry for "MaxAge Timer" is presented. It refers to a Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) timer that defines how long a bridge or switch should wait after the last received hello message before believing that the network topology has changed, and it can no longer hear the hello messages sent by the root bridge or switch.

A definition of the term "linear access procedure for frame mode services" (LAPF) is presented. In the context of networking and protocol, this refers to an enhanced Link-Access Protocol-D with congestion control capabilities for frame mode services in the frame relay network. In the User Plane, data link service data units between DL-service users are conveyed by LAPF.

A definition of the term "Label Imposition" is presented. It refers to the act of putting the first label or tag on a packet, which is a necessary procedure in a Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network for tunnel establishment.

An encyclopedia entry for "ISO Transport Protocol" is presented. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Transport layer protocol (ISO-TP or TP) manages end-to-end control and error checking to ensure complete data transfer. Among the tasks it performs are transporting address to network address mapping, making multiplexing and splitting of transport connections and providing functions such as Sequencing, Flow Control and Error detection and recover.

A definition of the term "ICMP attack" is presented. It refers to the attack using the weakness of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). ICMP is utilized by the Internet protocol (IP) layer to send one-way informational messages to a host. Since there is no authentication in ICMP, attacks using ICMP can result in a denial of service.

A reference entry for "hot swapping" is presented. The term refers to the process of replacing a hub module without bringing down the network. Hot swapping occurs by sliding an active module into a fully powered up concentrator, replacing a failed module.

A reference entry for "Home Subscriber Service" (HSS) is presented. HSS is a key component in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which refers to a system including the master user database and software that supports IMS network entities that handle calls and sessions. It contains user profiles, performs authentication and authorization of the user, and can provide information about the physical location of user.

A definition of the term "hello" is presented. It refers to a process used by some protocols as the handshaking method to establish and maintain relationships. For example, the open shortest path first (OSPF) systems uses Hello to establish and maintain neighbor relationships. It is used in the STP Hello BPDU message in a spanning tree.

A definition of the term "GPRS Mobility Management" is presented. It refers to a GPRS signaling protocol that handles mobility issues including roaming, authentication and selection of encryption algorithms. Together with Session Management (GMM/SM) protocol, it supports the mobility or user terminal.

An encyclopedia entry for the term "Frame-based User-to-Network Interface" is presented. Abbreviated as FUNI, it has the capability to connect between ATM networks and existing frame-based equipment such as routers and switches. FUNI enables users to take advantage of ATM infrastructures in a cost-effective manner.

A reference entry for the "File Transfer Access and Management (FTAM)" protocol is presented. It refers to an application protocol that provides file transfer services between client and server systems in an open environment. Access to files and management of files on diverse systems is also provided by FTAM. In the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) environment, FTAM is similar to both the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Network File System (NFS).

A reference entry for "fiber distributed data interface" (FDDI) is presented. It refers to a set of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) protocols for transmitting digital data over fiber optic cable. It is also known as a backbone technology that can support high bandwidth and great distance. Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI) is a related specification similar to FDDI protocols.

A definition of the term "Fast Link Pulse" is presented. It refers to a type of link pulse that encodes information used in the Auto-Negotiation protocol.

An encyclopedia entry for "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over local area network (LAN)" is presented. It provides an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network. It is a standard for passing EAP over a wired or wireless LAN. A way is also described in 802.1X for the access point and the wireless user to share and change encryption keys and adds some messages to help smooth operations over wireless.

An encyclopedia entry on "Dual Attachment Station" (DAS) is presented. Also called a Class A station, DAS refers to a device attached to both the primary and the secondary fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) rings. In case of a failure of the primary ring, the primary ring is wrapped to the secondary ring, isolating the failure and retaining ring integrity.

A definition of the term "Dial Peer" is presented. It is also known as addressable call endpoint, a device that can originate or receive a call in a telephone network. When it comes to voice over IP (VoIP) network, dial peers include VoIP-capable computers, routers and gateways within a particular network.

An encyclopedia entry for Bridge Protocol Data Unit is presented. It refers to some of hello packets of the spanning tree protocol sent out at intervals to exchange information among the network's bridges. It also helps describe and identify a switch port's attributes and enables for switches to obtain information about each other.

An encyclopedia entry for the term "Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol" (BEEP) is presented. It refers to a framework for creating network application protocols, that is intended to abstract out the common features that have traditionally been duplicated in each protocol implementation. It is also a generic application protocol kernel for connection-oriented, asynchronous interactions. BEEP supports both textual and binary messages by permitting simultaneous user-identity.

A dictionary entry for the Banyan Virtual Integrated Network Service (VINES) Control Protocol is presented. The protocol is responsible for configuring, enabling and disabling the VINES protocol modules on both ends of the point-to-point (PPP) link. In order to establish communications over a point-to-point link, each end of the PPP link must first send LCP packets to configure and test the data link.

A definition of the term "Automated Packet Recognition" (APR) is presented. It refers to a technology that allows a server to be attached to CDDI or FDDI without requiring the reconfiguration of applications or network protocols. Also known as Automated Packet Recognition/Translation, it recognizes specific data link layer encapsulation packet types and, when these packet types are transferred from one medium to another, translates them into the native format of the destination device.

An encyclopedia entry for the term "AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP) Tunnel" is presented. The term refers to a connection created in an AURP WAN that functions as a single, virtual data link between AppleTalk internetworks physically separated by a foreign network. AURP tunnels may be point-to-point tunnels, which connects only two exterior routers, or multi-point tunnels, which connects three or more exterior routers.

A definition of the term "APPN+" is presented. It refers to the next-generation Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) that replaces the label-swapping routing algorithm with source routing. APPN+ has been renamed as High Performance Routing (HPR) or APPN-HPR. IBM designed APPN+ to provide the same internetworking functionality as TCP/IP.

A definition of the term "AppleTalk Transaction Protocol" is presented. It is a transport-level protocol that provides a loss-free transaction service between sockets and is said to be built on top of Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP). It allows exchanges between two socket clients in which one requests the other to perform a particular task.

An encyclopedia entry for "Rapid Transport Protocol" (RTP) is presented. This protocol provides pacing and error recovery for IBM Advanced Peer-to-Peer Network (AAPN) data as it crosses the APPN network. With the protocol, error recovery and flow control are done end-to-end rather than at every node. It prevents congestion rather than reacts to it.

An encyclopedia entry for "Simple Network Management Protocol" (SNMP) is presented. It is the standard protocol developed to manage nodes on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It enables network administrators to manage network performance, find, solve network problems and plan for network growth. It states that network management systems learn of problems by receiving traps or change notices from network devices implementing this protocol.

An encyclopedia entry for "Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol" (BACP) is presented. It is the associated control protocol for Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) that provides Muiltilink point-to-point protocol (PPP) peers with the ability to govern link utilization. According to the article, once peers have successfully negotiated using BACP, they can use the BAP to negotiate bandwidth allocation.

A definition of the term "Zone Multicast Address" is presented. It refers to a data-link-dependent multicast address within the AppleTalk computer network protocol suite at which a node receives the Name Binding Protocol (NBP) broadcasts directed to its zone.

An encyclopedia entry for "Zone Information Protocol (ZIP)" is presented. It is an AppleTalk session layer protocol that manages the relationship between network numbers and zone names. It is used by Name Binding Protocol (NBP) to determine which networks contain nodes that belong to a zone.

An encyclopedia entry for "zone" is presented. A concept in AppleTalk network, a zone refers to a logic group of network devices that is defined when the network administrator configures the network. It states that the nodes or networks need not be physically contiguous to belong to the same zone. It is equivalent to a local Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) subnet.