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Two new diterpenoids, penicichrysogene A (1) and penicichrysogene B (2), were isolated from the solid substrate fermentation cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum MT-12, an endophytic fungus isolated from the medicinal plant of Huperzia serrata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned on the basis of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity on ATP release of thrombin-activated platelets with IC50 = 42.7 ± 3.5 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new polyketides, penicilloxalones A (1) and B (2), together with 13 known compounds (3–15), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the solid substrate fermentation cultures of the fungus Penicillium oxalicum MHZ153. The structures of the isolates were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their spectroscopic and physicochemical data with the literature values. Compounds 7 and 11 showed inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values of 0.9 ± 0.2 μM and 87.9 ± 0.7 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new dimeric furanocoumarins, dahuribiethrins H–J (1–3), and a new ester coumarin, dahurinol A (4), were isolated from the roots ofAngelica dahurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds2and3exhibited inhibition of nitric oxide production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with IC50values of 8.7 ± 0.6 and 27.3 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new furofuran lignan glucosides, cannabilignin (1) and isocannabilignin (2), together with four known compounds (3–6), were isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data. Compound 3 exhibited weak inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 value of 69.1 ± 5.8 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new dihydroisocoumarin (1) and a new coumarin (2), along with eight known metabolites (3–10), were isolated from the solid substrate fermentation cultures of the fungus Penicillium purpurogenum MHZ 111. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their spectroscopic and physicochemical data with the literature values. Compounds 2 and 8 showed inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values of 26.5 and 52.7 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]