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This article focuses on the book "Trade Fallacies," by Arthur Kitson. Kitson asks why the Allies have so completely failed to employ the psychological factor against the enemy, while the enemy has employed it in neutral countries with such skill and success against the Allies. What interests the reader most is the financial factor, to which Kitson devotes his second chapter. He appears to be full of admiration for the German way of financing the situation created by the First World War. Kitson assumes that if a nation has no commercial relations with the outside world it has nothing to fear from an expansive paper currency.

The article presents a profile of the German politician Georg Ledebour. Born at Hanover on March 7, 1850, Georg Ledebour received a primary and high-school education. He became interested in newspaper work and acted as editor of various democratic papers, later on becoming one of the editors of the Berlin Vorwaerts. In October, 1900, he was chosen to succeed Liebknecht the elder as representative of the sixth district of Berlin. There are few better fighters, sharper speakers, or more skilful parliamentarians in the German Socialist movement than Ledebour. During the World War I, Ledebour belonged to the Minority Socialists. On August 3 and 4, 1914, at the special meeting of the Reichstag group, called to decide what stand the party should take on the war, Ledebour was one of the three who maintained to the last that the party should vote against the war budget.

The article presents some military updates related with the First World War. One of the updates highlights that the British Admiralty announced the sinking of the German light-armored cruiser Dresden. The Dresden, was defeated off the Falkland Islands, was caught by the British cruisers Glasgow and Kent and the auxiliary cruiser Orama in the Pacific Ocean, near Juan Fernandez Island, on March 14 and surrendered after five minutes fighting. Another update says that the German submarines have renewed their activity in the "war zone," beginning on March 9 by sinking three Great Britain's vessels, with a loss of thirty-seven lives.

What Germany will be like on armistice day is something for which imagination has no precedent. This time will be radically different from last time. Germany on armistice day will be a social shambles comparable only to the anarchy of the dark ages. The German social structure of 1918 was devastated by fire. That of 1942, by the time total defeat comes, will have been blasted by dynamite, shattered not only by war but by Hitler's own hand. The elements of German social stability which persisted throughout World War I and emerged more or less intact when fighting ceased included the political parties. These, though sometimes changing their labels, continued to represent substantially the interests they had promoted in 1914.

The article presents information about the conditions prevailing in France and Germany after World War I. It is very necessary after such a destructive war that suspended production shall be started as promptly as possible. The only remedy for an economic sickness such as exists today in Europe-the only hope of the millions and the only chance for peace lies in production and more production. But war not only destroys the products of industry-it disarranges the entire industrial machinery. Hence, each nation must reconstruct its productive system as quickly as possible under pain of social and political degeneration if it fails. A survey of European conditions and especially of the progress made toward industrial revival by the European nations will be greatly simplified if one concentrates the examination on France and Germany.

The article focuses on several issues related to the First World War. Nothing more salutary has happened for a long time in high governmental circles than the sentencing of six Bulgarian war ministers to life imprisonment at hard labor, in addition to which they were assessed the tidy fine of 32,700,000,000 lira, some of the war damage done to their country when they put it into the World War on the side of Germany. There are hitches and double hitches about the liquidation of the wartime entanglements of China. The Washington agreements brought about the abandonment of the British-Japanese alliance, which was a relief to China, but the business of getting Great Britain out of Wei-hai-wei and Japan out of Kiao-ehau has moved more slowly.

With the war in western Europe practically at an end, certain questions only indirectly related to the beginning of hostilities and the subsequent development of the world struggle become once more of international importance. The Schleswig-Holstein question is of this sort. The settlement of the status of the Kiel Canal is already foreshadowed as a military necessity by the Allies, and doubtless will be so regarded by the peace conference. The prevailing sentiment in Schleswig at the present time regarding the extent of the territory whose return to Denmark may rightfully be claimed is indicated in a recent speech in the German Reischstag by H. P. Hanssen, the representative since 1906 of North Schleswig.

Immediately after the declaration of World War I the whole Czecho-Slovak nation arraigned itself against Austria-Hungary and Germany on the side of the Allies. An open opposition to the war and to Austria was begun by the Czecho-Slovak soldiers. The Czecho-Slovak army in Russia, France, and Italy has been formed of prisoners of war who were set free by the Russian Government, and who entered the army as free Czecho-Slovak citizens. The Czecho-Slovak state will be an effective barrier against Germany.

The article presents several developments related to the world politics. The U.S. Secretary of the Treasury made an announcement that banks of the country will be expected to subscribe, between February 1918 and the middle of March 1918 for $500,000,000 short-term Treasury certificates fortnightly. England put out no funded war loan between the $2,900,000,000 issue of June 1915, and the $5,000,000,000 issue of January 1917. The article also discusses impact of German raids on Italy during the first World War.

This article focuses on neutral stand taken by Belgium during World War I. When German armies suddenly entered Belgium, the Imperial Chancellor confessed that it was a violation of international law but pleaded ultimate necessity and desperate need. There is, however, one plea which may deserve consideration and that is the plea that Germany violated no obligation which constrained her to respect the neutrality of Belgium because no obligation bound her; the treaties containing the guarantee having been signed by Prussia before she entered the North German Union and the German Empire.

Presents letters to the editor related to the World War I. Responsibility of Germany for the war; State of affairs in Europe; Information on Germany's holy war.

In the third year of the war Germany's economic position is beginning to resemble strongly its position in the third year of World War I, when belts had to be drawn ever tighter and war weariness began to set in. In contrast to Britain and the United States, production in Germany has not been increased during the war, since unemployment had previously been virtually wiped out. Yet despite the stabilization of production the national income of Greater Germany has risen sharply. In 1940, when Germany was waging war against France, the German army numbered from six to six and a half million men. Already during the first two years of the war Germany could not feed its population from its own soil, and only considerable food imports from various European countries prevented a rapid deterioration of the food situation.

This article presents extracts from the diary of Irish nationalist Roger Casement. Casement was accused of spying during the World War I. He was declared as a traitor and executed in 1916. The actions of Casement. in visiting Germany having been taken openly, is incumbent on him to deal as publicly as lies in his power with the reasons that induced him to take that step and the circumstances attending the journey. The British Foreign Office has already published certain statements reflecting on his action.

This article presents information on rules governing the alien property rights, in the U.S., after the World War I. There are many cases pending in various courts of the U.S., regarding the property rights of German people in the U.S. The advice given to their clients by the American banker and the American lawyers was sound. It was based upon international law; it expressed a sense of national honor and a far-reaching sense of moral obligations in the U.S. The creation of an Alien Property Custodian Act in the U.S., is a novelty and is in line with an effort toward equity.

The only practical step toward a reduction of armaments since the end of the World War was taken at Washington in 1921 at the initiative of a U.S. President. The situation is curious. The First World war ended satisfactorily for the British in this at least: Germany was put out of action as a naval Power. In spite of war additions to the British fleet and the comparatively small loss suffered in capital ships, the naval building program of the U.S. was so formidable as to threaten Great Britain's sea supremacy. The French admirals were able to make out a strong case after the armistice for a large building program for the French navy.

This article presents the vies of Georg Brandes, the 83-year-old Danish philosopher. The German press is among the best in the world. Never politically keen politically, it is culturally further advanced than that of the other countries. The German press contributed little or nothing to the outbreak of the First World War but without the press of all countries, the World War would have been impossible. One of the saddest consequences of the World War is the mediocrity which denies all greatness and clarity and deifies a rickety religiosity and sterility. Science is discredited. Instinct is lauded by those who have no instinct. The people cherish that which they do not understand.

This article reports on various political and military developments in the world. The passage of the Hay Army bill in the U.S. House seemed virtually assured by the test vote on the Kahn amendment. This amendment would have made the strength of the regular army equal to that contemplated in the Chamberlain bill in the Senate. Signs accumulate that Germany is looking forward to peace. It does not mean peace next week, `or next month, or necessarily this year, yet peace as soon as it can be brought about. Whatever the other explanations of the dropping of Alfred von Tirpitz and of the preparations for full and free debate on the war and on the terms of peace in the Reichstag this week, one fact stands, out clear the German Government is preparing for what must come when the fighting ceases. I

The article presents some military and political updates. It reports on the resignation letter given by U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan. The disappearance of Bryan from official life does not really mean any serious division of forces in the face of the enemy. It is believed that resigning of Bryan has really strengthened the hands of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. The news will undoubtedly greatly flutter the dovecotes of Berlin, Germany where, it is understood that Bryan's ascendancy is over.

This article studies the impact of the First World War on England and Germany. One of the larger organizations busied with the employment of women in England is the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. The three basic principles of the Union in the task of finding employment for women are equal pay for equal work, the obtaining of proper conditions in housing and working premises and the adequate training of women for remunerative occupations. One sure result of the conflict of nations is the challenge made to German "invincible" science. Ceaseless iteration of its all-conclusiveness had ended by awing the incapable nine-tenths of the world into silent acceptance and the capable tenth had something else to do than to reduce its extreme claims to fit bounds.

The article focuses on international diplomacy, related to Germany, England and the U.S. Within the last few days a notable change has taken place in the attitude of Germany against the civilized world. The object of her bitterest enmity, her most venomous threats, has been England. It is pleasant to turn for a moment from the cruel war devastating wide tracts of the continent to contemplate about of mimic warfare taking place at home. The speeches of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the First Lord of the Admiralty, delivered on Monday in an exceptionally crowded British House of Commons, were notable among other things for the quiet assurance of the ultimate success of the Allied arms that ran through them, an unbroken chord.

The article presents some figures, which were published by the British Admiralty on March 8, which demonstrate how futile have been the results of the German blockade by submarines of the British coast, amidst the First World War. In the six weeks, 4519 vessels have arrived at, and 4,095 have sailed from, ports of Great Britain. Of these, fifteen have been torpedoed and twenty-nine lives have been lost. It is worth remarking, moreover, that, of the fifteen ships torpedoed, eight, according to the Admiralty report, were lost previous to February 18, the day on which the "blockade" came into force.

It is a good thing that the U.S. gives out its cheers to German officers who were, ten years ago, foemen of the U.S., in the field, during the World War I. But the author thinks this rather striking fact deserves some mulling over. In 1918, every German was a villain of deep-dyed hue, and worst of all were those who flew in airplanes and dropped bombs upon big cities. Aviators of the U.S., were more careful and managed, through some magic or the holiness of their cause, never to kill or maim non-combatants. Americans never did hate the Germans with any truly deep-seated venom. The passions of that period were fostered during same curious aberration.

This article presents developments related to world politics. Negotiations over the Sussex and other vessels recently attacked by submarines in which the United States is interested appear to be taking their normal course. While German officials continue to protest their tenderness towards neutrals and their reverence for the rights of humanity, destruction of vessels, neutral and belligerent, presumably by some uncanny form of spontaneous combustion, goes on merrily. Successive German assaults around Verdun have led to the capture of Haucourt and the retirement of the French from the salient at Bethincourt.

This article presents information about political developments around the world during the World War I. The United States' note to Austria on the torpedoing of the Ancona was dispatched to Vienna on December 8. President Woodrow Wilson spoke on December 8 at a luncheon at the White House to members of the Democratic National Committee. The American liner Carolina, of the New York & Porto Rico Line, was last week stopped, when just outside the three-mile limit, by the French cruiser Descartes, which took off her a German chief steward.

It was natural that the news, last Thursday afternoon, of the destruction of the Arabic by a German submarine, with loss of American lives, should have instantly affected the Stock Exchange. Wall Street recalled the break of 10 to 30 points, In stocks which had previously been a focus of speculation, when the news of the Lusitania arrived on the 7th of May. Prices for these very stocks had gone still higher, during the intervening time.

This article focuses on World War I. The German plan of attack was to make a quick and decisive stroke at France through Belgium, and so to crush the enemy on the southwestern frontier before Soviet Union on the northeast was ready to strike. In numbers the allied troops opposing the German advance are probably not inferior to the enemy. Considerable mystery has surrounded the movements of the British expeditionary force. Beyond an isolated dispatch two weeks ago telling of the landing of a force of 22,000 in France and the announcement of the arrival of Sir John French, the British commander-in-chief in Paris on August 14, 1914 no news on this point had reached when it was officially stated that the British force had landed at French ports.