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Mastitis, an intramammary inflammation resulting from microbial infectious agents, continues to pose a significant challenge within the dairy sector, adversely affecting animal well-being and leading to substantial economic losses. These losses are attributed to decreased milk production, heightened culling rates, and the expenses related to diagnostics, veterinary care, medication, and labor. Moreover, additional costs emerge due to reduced forthcoming milk yields, compromised reproductive health, and increased susceptibility to various illnesses. Identifying the responsible agents is crucial for disease management and the implementation of antimicrobial treatments. Despite the prevalent use of antibiotic treatment, the pressing need for new therapeutic alternatives to combat bovine mastitis arises from limitations, including low cure rates, rising resistance, and the presence of antibiotic residues in milk. This review explores the potential application of herbal extracts and essential oils known for their antimicrobial properties as alternative options for managing pathogens in mastitis treatment. It examines various treatment methods and management strategies, particularly emphasizing the progress of herbal remedies and natural therapeutics in addressing mastitis, a significant concern in bovine populations and dairy herds., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This review investigates Mastitis, an inflammatory condition in mammary glands caused by infectious agents, posing a critical challenge in the dairy sector, impacting animal welfare and causing substantial economic losses. The exploration delves into the efficacy of botanical extracts and essential oils with antimicrobial properties as novel approaches for managing mastitis pathogens. It highlights the limitations of current antibiotic treatments and advocates for the development of novel therapeutic alternatives. By emphasizing the progression of herbal remedies and natural therapeutics, this review addresses the significant concern of mastitis in bovine populations and dairy herds, offering insights into effective management strategies. We anticipate that this review will captivate the readership of your journal due to its valuable insights and contributions to the field. We are optimistic that our research will enrich the expanding corpus of literature concerning alternative treatments, particularly focusing on natural therapeutics, as substitutes for antibiotics, alongside efficacious management tactics. There is no conflict of interests between the authors. There is no animal as well as human study used in the study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen, interacts with the host environment, immune response, and infection through outer membrane proteins, adhesins, and sialic acid binding proteins. Sialic acids provide nutrition and mask bacterial identity, hindering the complement system, facilitates tissue access and biofilm formation. Sialic acid binding protein (SAB) enable adhesion to host cells, immune evasion, and nutrient acquisition, making them potential targets for preventing Pasteurella multocida infections. In this study, in silico molecular docking assessed 11 antibiotics targeting SAB (4MMP) comparing their docking scores to Amoxicillin. As SAB (4MMP) exhibits a highly conserved sequence in various Pasteurella multocida strains, including the specific strain PMR212 studied in this article, with a 96.09% similarity score. Aztreonam and Gentamicin displayed the highest docking scores (-6.025 and -5.718), followed by a 100ns molecular dynamics simulation. Aztreonam exhibited stable simulation with protein RMSD fluctuations of 1.8-2.2 Å. The ligand initially had an RMSD of 1.6 Å, stabilizing at 4.8 Å. Antibiotic sensitivity testing confirmed Aztreonam's efficacy with the largest inhibition zone of 42 mm, while Amoxicillin and Gentamicin had inhibition zones of 32 mm and 25 mm, respectively. According to CLSI guidelines, all three antibiotics were effective against Pasteurella multocida. Aztreonam's superior efficacy positions it as a promising candidate for further investigation in targeting Pasteurella multocida., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There is no conflict of interest between the authors., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)