Beyond conventional antibiotics approaches: Global perspectives on alternative therapeutics including herbal prevention, and proactive management strategies in bovine mastitis.

Mastitis, an intramammary inflammation resulting from microbial infectious agents, continues to pose a significant challenge within the dairy sector, adversely affecting animal well-being and leading to substantial economic losses. These losses are attributed to decreased milk production, heightened culling rates, and the expenses related to diagnostics, veterinary care, medication, and labor. Moreover, additional costs emerge due to reduced forthcoming milk yields, compromised reproductive health, and increased susceptibility to various illnesses. Identifying the responsible agents is crucial for disease management and the implementation of antimicrobial treatments. Despite the prevalent use of antibiotic treatment, the pressing need for new therapeutic alternatives to combat bovine mastitis arises from limitations, including low cure rates, rising resistance, and the presence of antibiotic residues in milk. This review explores the potential application of herbal extracts and essential oils known for their antimicrobial properties as alternative options for managing pathogens in mastitis treatment. It examines various treatment methods and management strategies, particularly emphasizing the progress of herbal remedies and natural therapeutics in addressing mastitis, a significant concern in bovine populations and dairy herds.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This review investigates Mastitis, an inflammatory condition in mammary glands caused by infectious agents, posing a critical challenge in the dairy sector, impacting animal welfare and causing substantial economic losses. The exploration delves into the efficacy of botanical extracts and essential oils with antimicrobial properties as novel approaches for managing mastitis pathogens. It highlights the limitations of current antibiotic treatments and advocates for the development of novel therapeutic alternatives. By emphasizing the progression of herbal remedies and natural therapeutics, this review addresses the significant concern of mastitis in bovine populations and dairy herds, offering insights into effective management strategies. We anticipate that this review will captivate the readership of your journal due to its valuable insights and contributions to the field. We are optimistic that our research will enrich the expanding corpus of literature concerning alternative treatments, particularly focusing on natural therapeutics, as substitutes for antibiotics, alongside efficacious management tactics. There is no conflict of interests between the authors. There is no animal as well as human study used in the study.
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