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• A novel metalloporphyrin-polyaniline sensor was developed for the detection of NH 3. • The study employed a simple drop-casting deposition method to prepare the NH 3 sensor. • Adding 5% TAPPCo can significantly improve the NH 3 sensing response. • The TC-P sensor has excellent sensing performance in 10–500 ppm NH 3. Aiming at the problems of low sensitivity, poor selectivity and poor stability of traditional ammonia (NH 3) sensors, a novel preparation strategy for NH 3 sensors was proposed in this study. The polymer material cobalt porphyrin-polyaniline (TAPPCo-PANI, TC-P) was prepared by adding TAPPCo during the polymerisation of aniline, and the TC-P NH 3 sensor was constructed by drop-coating the TC-P on the PET-based interdigital electrode. The TC-P sensor was tested for NH 3 sensing, and the results showed that it had a fast response time (108 s) to NH 3 , and the TC-P sensor response values showed a linear correlation in the range of NH 3 concentrations between 50 and 500 ppm. In addition, the TC-P sensor has high sensitivity, strong selectivity and good stability. The addition of TAPPCo accelerates the electron transfer rate, which gives the sensor excellent gas-sensitive performance. Therefore, TC-P is expected to be a reliable NH 3 sensor material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Response and recovery time was significantly shorten for aerosol-jet-printed sensor. • The PANI transferred from partial crystalline to amorphous form in printing process. • Arrangement of atoms in the PANI was disordered by ultrasonic in printing process. • Unsaturated atomic coordination state of the amorphous PANI has more active sites. Conductive polymer-based ammonia gas sensors show advantage in room-temperature response. Polyaniline (PANI)-based ammonia gas sensors were prepared by drop-coating and aerosol-jet printing methods and tested for their ammonia gas sensing properties. The aerosol-jet-printed sensor shows significantly shortened response and recovery time for ammonia sensing. Morphological observations were carried out to investigate the mechanism of the improvement. The crystalline form of PANI was found to transfer in the aerosol-jet printing process and play the critical rule in the ultra-fast response and recovery of the sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The doping level is critical for the efficient polymerization of polyaniline. • High conductivity of the modified cotton textiles affects the performance of TENGs. • PANI-based wearable TENGs retain the performance after 6000 cycles of operation. The production of metal-free electrodes for textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is an important strategy to preserve the intrinsic properties of unmodified textiles with good conductivity levels. Herein, polyaniline-modified cotton fibers were applied as electrodes for TENGs and a protonation-degree dependence was controlled to improve the power output of the device, which reached a maximum value of 71 μW and an open circuit voltage of 174 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First report of the use of a polyaniline/prussian blue composite for a gas sensor; • Fast response time at low ammonia concentrations; • Easy method of obtaining the composite; • Ambient sensor operating conditions. This study aims reporting the development of a gas sensor composite whose phases are Prussian blue (PB) and polyaniline (PANI). Structural characterization techniques confirmed the formation of the characteristic cubic phase of Prussian blue alone and in the composite. The morphology of the particles was uneven and the elemental analysis confirmed the characteristic constituents for PANI and Prussian blue. High-resolution images demonstrated the presence of Prussian blue in an amorphous polymer medium, indicating interaction between the phases. Sensor tests demonstrated fast response time for ammonia (∼150 s) and high sensitivity (4 ppm) under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the sensor formed in detecting ammonia even at very low concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unexpected free radical scavenging properties of the material. • Material insoluble in most solvents to be a recyclable heterogeneous free radical scavenger. • Easily prepared material free of additional oxidant. • Stable material stored under normal conditions. Reaction of aniline with KMnO 4 could produce polyaniline-supported Mn nanocomposites (Mn@PANI). In comparison with conventional method for the synthesis of PANI-supported metal nanoparticles, this reaction did not require additional oxidant. As a Mn-containing material, Mn@PANI was initially expected to be a good catalyst for oxidation reaction and its catalytic activity was tested by using the oxidative deoximation reaction. Surprisingly, instead of the expected catalytic activity, the material restrained the reaction on the contrary. It was found to be an easily removable heterogeneous free radical scavenger that could inhibit the unwanted decomposition reactions caused by free radicals so that the lifetime of the chemical products could be extended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • p -aminophenyl graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites have a cross-linking structure. • The cross-linking structure improves the electrochemical performance. • The electrode displays a large specific capacitance of 1092.3 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Abstract The purpose of this study is to report an effective approach to improve the electrochemical performance of polyaniline electrode by fabricating para-aminophenyl graphene/polyaniline cross-linking nanocomposites (PAG/PANI). The chemical graft between PAG and PANI, and the electrostatic incorporation between PANI inter-chains could provide the stable structural foundation for the improvement of cyclic stability. HCl and 1,5-naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA) were both used as dopants to guarantee high doping level of PANI. The PAG/PANI electrode had a high specific capacitance of 1092.3 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1, and also showed a high cyclic stability after 3000 cycles. These results indicated that the PAG/PANI electrode would have a broad application prospect in energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • PANI/C-ACs were synthesized by an economical in-situ polymerization method. • PANI nanorods uniformly grew onto C-ACs skeletons forming a 3D porous structure. • PANI/C-ACs exhibit good capacitive properties by synergistically reinforcing effect. Abstract Polyaniline/cellulous-derived highly porous activated carbons (PANI/C-ACs) composites have been synthesized for high-performance supercapacitors via a simple and economical method. The obtained three-dimensional and hierarchical porous structure of PANI/C-ACs, not only exhibited high specific surface area and electron conductivity, but also promoted electrolyte ion transportation, facilitated fast and stable surface redox reactions, hence synergistically improved the overall capacitive performance. The as-designed PANI/C-ACs composites exhibited a specific capacitance of 765 F/g at 1 A/g and capacitance retention of two-electrode cell was as high as 91% after 5000 cycles. Moreover, evident pseudocapacitive behavior can be well maintained at high current densities, indicating superior rate capability for these hierarchically structured composites, making them promising electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • First report on the synthesis of cheap metal nanoparticles on PANI via an environment-friendly method. • Low cost of the materials fabrication. • Green procedures free of the generation of solid waste. • Highly dispersed copper nanoparticles on PANI support. • Overwhelmingly better catalytic activities in C N coupling reactions than the materials prepared via conventional method. Abstract Cheap metals, such as Cu, can not catalyze aerobic oxidative polymerization of anilines because of insufficient electric potential differences between their high and low valent ions. Therefore, conventionally, preparation of cheap metal nanoparticles supported on polyanilines (nano M@PANIs) inevitablly requires chemical oxidants such as (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 that generate solid wastes. In this work, we found that, by using H 2 O 2 as the green oxidant, nano Cu@PANI could be easily prepared without solid waste generation. In the material, copper nanoparticles highly dispersed on the waxberry-like nano PANI support and possessed overwhelmingly better catalytic activities in C-N coupling reactions than Cu@PANIs prepared via (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 oxidation method. This should be the first example for the synthesis of cheap metal nanoparticles on PANI via an environment-friendly method and might be a breakthrough in the field of nano M@PANIs investigation to expand the application scopes of these materials for low cost and green features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The rPANI/rGO was doped by fluorinated acid for tailoring its surface polarity. • The PFOA-rPANI/rGO exhibited superior compatibility with PVDF matrix. • The nanocomposites showed high dielectric constant with low dielectric loss. Abstract In this report, we provided a method to fabricate perfluorooctanoic acid doped reduced polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide/poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PFOA-rPANI/rGO/PVDF) nanocomposite with enhanced dielectric properties. The PFOA-rPANI modification not only prevented the agglomeration of rGO nanosheets, but also improved the affinity of rGO nanosheets to PVDF matrix. The as-fabricated PFOA-rPANI/rGO/PVDF nanocomposites exhibited high dielectric constant while they maintained low dielectric loss. The highest dielectric constant of nanocomposites could reach 1754 at a low filler volume fraction of 0.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Polyaniline and P(An- co -PoPD) electrodes were synthesized via electropolymerization. • Polyaniline nanofibers and P(An- co -PoPD) nanoflakes were indicated via SEM. • EIS and CV analysis indicate superior electrical and redox properties of P(An- co -PoPD). • Films of P(An- co -PoPD) nanoflakes outperform PAn nanofibers in amperometric glucose biosensors. Abstract Fabrication of conductive polyaniline nanofibers (PAnNFs) and poly(aniline- co - N -phenyl- o -phenylenediamine) nanoflakes [P(An- co -PoPD)] can promote a high surface area which influences rapid ion exchange and hence improved sensitivity in biosensor applications. Here, fabrication of two conductive films of PAnNFs from aniline monomer and a mixture of aniline/ N -phenyl- o -phenylenediamine (oPD) monomers through cyclic voltammetry (potentiodynamic electropolymerization) technique was performed. The electrochemical features of aniline monomer generate polyaniline nanofibers compared to aniline with addition of oPD monomer that generate nano-flakes. Electro-fabricated electrodes were characterized by SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). A molecular recognition layer of glucose oxidase within chitosan (GOx:CHI) was applied to the electrode-supported polymer and produced chronoamperometry dose–responses to different glucose molar concentrations with sensitivities that were larger for P(An- co -PoPD) compared to PAnNFs electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • All-organic composite of COF and PANI was prepared. • TpPa-COF@PANI-based supercapacitor showed high capacitance. • TpPa-COF@PANI-based supercapacitor showed great long-term cycling performance. Abstract A novel all-organic composite of covalent organic framework (COF) and polyaniline (PANI) was successfully designed and prepared. By combining the highly porous and redox active TpPa-COF and conductive PANI, TpPa-COF@PANI composite electrodes showed greatly improved performance in supercapacitor application. After 30,000 cycles, the capacity retention rate of the battery is as high as 83%, which indicates that the electrode has great cycling stability. The strategy reported in this work may shed light on the design of new redox active COFs based faradaic supercapacitors and have a great potential for other electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • First report on synthesis of nano Ru@PANIs via aerobic oxidative polymerization method. • Peculiar properties of nano Ru@PANIs to the analogues of Pd. • Materials fabricated with cheaper metal Ru instead of Pd. • A convenient access to the low cost materials of Ru nanoparticles. Abstract Polyanilines (PANIs)-supported Ru nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized. The materials may be much more practical for the utilization of low cost Ru instead of the scarce Pd. In contrast to the PANIs-supported Pd NPs (nano Pd@PANIs), the electron-withdrawing groups on PANIs support could enhance the catalytic activities of the nano Ru@PANIs. This is the first report on synthesis of nano Ru@PANIs via Ru-catalyzed aerobic oxidative polymerization of anilines as well as their peculiar properties to the analogues of Pd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We report a method to synthesize stable CNT hybrids covered with ferroferric oxide. • The ferroferric oxide particles are attached to the CNTs using polyaniline binder. • The hybrid combines dielectric properties and magnetic properties. • We prepare an EM absorption hybrids with high reflection loss and broad bandwidth. Abstract A novel coaxial double-layer-coated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) was synthesized to obtain excellent electromagnetic-wave-absorbing materials. Hydrochloric-acid-doped polyaniline (PANI) served as the first shell via in situ redox polymerization using FeCl 3 as the oxidizing agent. The introduction of PANI effectively solved the problem in which ferroferric oxide (Fe 3 O 4)-coated carbon nanotubes had poor integrity and easily fell off in the previous experiment. After the reaction, the oxidizing agent directly provided Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions for the second Fe 3 O 4 shell, which was deposited on the surface of hydrochloric-acid-doped PANI interlayer via coprecipitation. The hybrid fully combined MWCNTs with prominent dielectric properties and Fe 3 O 4 with outstanding magnetic properties and showed excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with high reflection loss (−15.65 dB at 15.45 GHz) and broad effective bandwidth (←−10 dB) of 3.5 GHz (14–17.5 GHz) at lowest thickness (1.5 mm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline/TiO 2 nanotube arrays composite electrodes were achieved by depositing polyaniline onto TiO 2 nanotube arrays through cyclic voltammetry method. Neutral sodium sulfate aqueous solution was used as a testing electrolyte and the effects of monomer solvent on the electrode performance were studied. Results show that the sample prepared in ethanol solution has much better capacitance performance than that in acetone or aqueous solutions. The potential window of the electrode could be enlarged to 2 V (−0.2–1.8 V) and the highest energy density of the active material reached 727.3 J/g. The composite electrode also has excellent rate and cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping is of key importance in enhancing the electrical transport properties of conducting polymers. Recently, several strategies were employed to optimize the carrier concentration to maximize the power factor of conducting polymers based thermoelectric (TE) materials. Here, we adopted thermal treatment on polyaniline/Te nanorod hybrid films to study the temperature dependent changes in molecular structure, crystallinity, and electrical transport behaviors. The results unambiguously indicated that the carrier concentration would be effectively tuned, and the TE performance was further enhanced via thermal treatment solely. Finally, a 20% increment in power factor has been achieved for the hybrid film treated at 180 °C compared with as-prepared film. The study provides a facile route for optimizing TE properties of polymer-based hybrid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, different morphologies of polyaniline (PAni) nanostructures were obtained via interfacial polymerization. The influence of the time and temperature of polymerization on morphology was investigated. At room temperature the growth of nanosheets and nanoflowers with long polymerization time (1–5 days) was observed. In the syntheses carried out at 50 °C the same nanostructures were obtained with only a few hours of polymerization, which illustrates that the increase in temperature considerably reduced the synthesis time and also provided the growth of nanofibers, morphology not found in the syntheses performed at room temperature. The characterization by XRD indicated the presence of diffraction peaks characteristic of PAni nanostructures with high crystallinity. As the conductivity of PAni is directly related to its crystallinity, it is expected that the nanostructures obtained have high conductivity, which may represent a greater potential for diverse applications. It can be concluded that the proposed synthesis presents a simple alternative for obtaining PAni nanostructures with different morphologies and high crystallinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial grafting was combined with aniline polymerization to modify nylon fibers for high and endurable conductivity. A large amount of acrylic acid grafted to the surfaces of nylon66 fibers. The grafted polyacrylic acid further promoted in situ polymerization of aniline within the interfacial layer of nylon fibers. The electric conductivity of the final nylon fibers reached an unprecedentedly value of 1.1 S/cm. The presence of strong adhesion between polyaniline layer and nylon fibers further significantly promoted the rub resistance and water resistance of conductive fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient method for synthesis of polyaniline wrapped graphene aerogel/silver nanoparticles (PANi/rGA/AgNPs) has been successfully developed via a facile in situ one-pot hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect of the large surface area of rGA simultaneously with the high redox reaction of AgNPs and PANi, constituting a unique micro-nano framework structure, possesses the beneficial to rate capability and cycle stability. The assembled solid-state supercapacitors of PANi wrapped rGA/AgNPs can endow the specific capacitance of 365.14 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and a high capacity retention of 88% after 4000 cycles at 1 A g −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To control the dielectric loss of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, we developed coaxial double-layer coated CNTs to form a diminishing conductive gradient from the CNT center to its outside through a dual-functional polyaniline (PANI) interlayer. The conductive multiwalled CNTs were covered with a semiconductive PANI first shell through in situ redox polymerization with ferric chloride as the oxidizing agent; moreover, this agent is the precursor of the second iron hydroxide shell. The inorganic outer layer of iron hydroxides was directly coated on the PANI interlayer surface through in situ deposition method to obtain an insulating property. Depending on the conductivity that decreases from the inside to the outside of the core-shell structured CNT hybrids, the epoxy resin-based composites showed gradually reduced dielectric losses because the double-coating layers hindered the reunion and connection of conductive CNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tb(TTA) 3 (TPPO) 2 /PANI/PVP conductive-luminescence composite nanofibers have been successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique. The morphologies and properties of the final nanofibers were investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL) and broadband dielectric spectrometer measurement. The results show that the bifunctional composite nanofibers possess both good electrical conductivity properties and excellent luminescent properties. The luminescence and electrical conductivity of the composite nanofibers can be tuned by adjusting the amount of Tb complex and PANI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3D mat-like electroactive hydrogel for application as electrode material for supercapacitor was fabricated by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the solution containing two dopants: organic copolymer of acrylamide with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid and inorganic HCl. Electrochemical tests revealed that utilization of two dopants gave a high areal capacitance 8.1 F cm −2 at current density 5.1 mA cm −2 . Prepared electrode material retains 47% of initial capacitance after applying of 5000 charge-discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we synthesized a core-shell conductive filler of carbon nanotubes covered with polyaniline (PANi@CNTs), which showed good dispersibility to prepare highly flexible and foldable dielectric PMCs (PANi@CNTs/PU). The dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties of the PANi@CNTs/PU composites were investigated. The mechanical flexible and foldable PANi@CNTs/PU composites could be promising dielectric material for preparing thin film capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PANI is a substitute for the harmful chromate-based additives for a greener and sustainable coating. • Altering the aniline/acid ratio produces different morphology of PANI. • The high surface area of tubular PANI improved the corrosion inhibition properties of the coating. Currently available anticorrosion additives for metals consist of chromates that present safety concerns due to their toxicity. Thereby, this study investigated an environmentally friendly substitute coating additive of particulate and tubular polyaniline (PANI) in the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coating. The PANIs were analysed by TEM, FT-IR and BET surface area analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarisation analyses were conducted to evaluate the coating performance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 30 days. The higher surface area of tubular PANI successfully inhibits the corrosion of mild steel by having the lowest corrosion rate at (5.730 ± 0.819) × 10−4 mm/year compared to particulate PANI as an anticorrosion additive in the PVB coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel emulsion polymerization-extraction method. • Significantly enhanced solubility of PANIs. • Preparing the PANIs solution directly. • Xylene as the low-polar and compatible solvent. • Good conductivities of the as-prepared PANIs/SEBS films. A novel emulsion polymerization-extraction method was developed to synthesize polyanilines (PANIs). Compared with reported works, this method could prepare the xylene solution of PANIs directly with significantly enhanced concentration (24.08–64.50 g/L in this work vs. 3.83 g/L in reference), facilitating the preparation of uniform PANIs/poly(styrene-ethylene-butadienestyrene) (SEBS) mixtures to make the PANIs/SEBS conductive films. The as-prepared PANIs/SEBS films possessed as good conductivities as the reference reports (4.9 × 10−5–9.3 × 10−2 S/cm in this work vs. 10−5–10−4 S/cm in reference), and might be widely applied as flexible conductive materials in fabrication of some critical components (e.g. wearable devices) in electronic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The limit of detection of the flexible sensor is 3.5 ppb at room temperature. • CTAB improves the sensing performance of the flexible sensor for NH 3. • The flexible sensor with excellent stability. A highly selective and sensitive flexible room temperature ammonia (NH 3) sensor was produced by in situ polymerizations of polyaniline (PANI) with modulation of Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB) on a porous Polyvinylidene fluoride film (PVDF). CTAB allows the PANI nanoparticles to grow uniformly on the surface and in the internal pores of the PVDF film, which increases the sensor's response to the NH 3. As a result, the sensor's response values to 5 ppm NH 3 and 0.01 ppm NH 3 are 81.3 % and 4.6 % at 20 °C, respectively. The sensor also shows excellent selectivity for NH 3 and maintains superior stability. Such a highly responsive and sensitive sensor is expected to be applied to detect chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The PANI decorated activated carbon nanofibers (PANI/CNF-A) were prepared. • The symmetric supercapacitor device was fabricated using PANI/CNF-A. • The fabricated device showed a good energy density of 13.3 Wh kg−1. • The device showed a remarkable cyclic stability of nearly 100% after 5,000 cycles. Polyaniline (PANI) decorated salt-activated phenolic resin (PR)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofibers (PANI/CNFs) were fabricated by the consecutive solution electrospinning, salt activation and PANI electrodeposition methods for supercapacitor applications. The electrochemical energy storage properties of the PANI-decorated activated PANI/CNFs (activated PAN: CNF-A, activated PR/PAN28 (weight ratio of PR and PAN is 2:8): CNF28-A) were evaluated by assembling the electrodes into a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device. The specific capacitance of the device was ca. 336F g−1 at the current density of 1 A/g. The device possessed an energy density of 13.33 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 200 W kg−1 with a retention life of nearly 100 % after 5,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardanol is a well-known natural phenol bearing a long aliphatic chain. It is obtained from cashew nut shell liquid, a cheap and abundant by-product of the cashew industry. From the viewpoint of conserving the environment and searching for an alternative to petroleum, it represents one of the most promising renewable resources that could be used to replace petro-based phenolic compounds in many applications. Moreover, acidic properties of cardanol broadens the spectrum of its benefits. In this work, the potential of cardanol as a primary dopant to synthesize conductive polyaniline and substitute for conventional acids such as HCl or DBSA to achieve an environmentally friendly alternative was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrostrictive polyurethane (PU) modified with three different polyaniline (PANI) loadings was demonstrated to overcome the limited actuated strains at low electric fields. The neat PU and all the composites were simply fabricated by solution casting. The experimental results show that high actuated strains (10.8%) at low electric fields (4.5 kV/mm) were observed for the modified PU/PANI-ES-HCl composite. In addition, the electrostrictive coefficient of the modified polymer increased by 20-fold compared to the neat PU. The modified PU/PANI-ES-HCl composites presented clearly a homogenous dispersion of filler in the polymeric matrix, and provided increased dielectric constant, high electromechanical response and low Young’s modulus. Consequently, this PU/PANI-ES-HCl composite is potentially a useful flexible material for actuators in low electric fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (MWCNT/PANI) composites were prepared by the in situ polymerization at room temperature and in ice-water bath, respectively. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the molecular conformation and the degree of order of PANI were greatly affected by the synthesis temperature. In low temperature condition, quinoid units converted into benzenoid in PANI and meanwhile, the chain segments of MWCNT/PANI arranged in a more orderly arrangement, which resulted in a change of the conducting behavior from semiconductor to metallic and almost twice increase in conductivity. Power factor (PF) of both composites increased with the increase of MWCNTs content, and 66.7% higher PF value was obtained in metallic-like composite with 80 wt% MWCNTs loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(aniline- co -1,3-phenylenediamine) cryogels were prepared by a simple one-step approach involving oxidative cryopolymerization of respective comonomers in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) stabilizer. Resulting cryogels were characterized by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, conductivity and tensile measurements. The addition of small amounts (1 mol%) of 1,3-phenylenediamine into copolymerization with aniline allows for the significant increase of cryogel pore sizes without substantial change in conductivity and mechanical stability. This is the important parameter for future use of such composites cryogels in biomedicine and electrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using H 2 O 2 as clean oxidant instead of air in previous fabrication process, a new nano palladium catalyst supported on polyaniline (nano Pd@PANI) with low Pd loading can be smoothly achieved by oxidative polymerization of the aniline with a reduced amount of PdCl 2 (currently 0.12% Pd only vs. previously 2.5% Pd). Although this new catalyst contains much less amount of Pd in comparison with the old nano Pd@PANI catalyst (currently only 0.75% Pd vs. previously 10.0% Pd), it is still found to be an effective catalyst for the Suzuki coupling of aryl halides and aryl boric acids, affording biphenyl products in excellent yields with dramatically enhanced turnover numbers (TON, 4.7 × 10 3 vs. 880). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WO 3 nanoparticles was synthesized by hydrothermal method with rectangular platelet structure. • The constructed PANI-WO 3 nanocomposite for electrochemical sensor for dopamine. • The sensitivity range from 20 to 300 μmol/L with the lowest detection limit to be 0.139 μmol/L. In this work, an enhanced electrochemical sensor for dopamine (DA) is constructed based on the tungsten nanoparticles with a polyaniline nanocomposite (PANI-WO 3) coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The obtained PANI-WO 3 /GCE film displayed a notable enhancement of electrocatalytic activity for DA with significant redox property. The PANI-WO 3 /GCE sensors displayed excellent detection for DA with a detection limit of 0.139 μmol/L revealed a good linear relationship with concentration from 20 − 300 µM (S/N = 3). PANI and WO 3 composite shows significant electrochemical oxidation of DA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel MAX Phase/Polyaniline nanocomposites as a photocatalyst for the degradation of industrial dyes. • Facile and one pot synthesis of MAX phase/polyaniline nanocomposite. • Introduction of the MAX phase into the polymer matrix resulted in enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. • The development of cost-effective and highly efficient catalyst. Among various treatment methods photocatalysis is considered the most efficient method owing to the high efficiency and use of abundant sunlight. The use of photocatalysts not only removes harmful bacteria but also degrades toxic organic pollutants. From TiO 2 by Fujiyama and Honda (1972) as photocatalyst, the materials studies have been evolved, chemically, and morphologically modified for higher competency. It is known that the preparation of nanocomposites and hybrid materials leads to enhanced performance over pristine materials. Therefore, this paper reports preparation of MAX phase-polyaniline nanocomposite as an excellent photocatalyst for degradation of pollutant model dye, methyl orange (MO). The photocatalysts' performance was measured through the degradation of MO dye under solar light irradiation. It was found that the nanocomposites exhibits better performance than the pure polymer and MAX phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pani can be polymerized on PC surface through host–guest interactions. • Ordered polymerization of Pani on PC is achieved by cyclodextrin polymer. • The products exhibit good specific surface area and high specific capacitance. Ordered polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) on porous carbon (PC) was achieved using cyclodextrin polymer (CDP)-functionalization (CDP/PC) on PC. PANI can be polymerized on PC surface through host–guest interactions between aniline monomers and the CDP to form the CDP-PANI/PC composite. CD modification induced the ordered polymerization of aniline monomers. So CDP-PANI/PC exhibited remarkable specific capacitance (739.2 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1) and high rate capability (516 F·g−1 at 10 A·g−1, retaining 69.8% of its original capacitance) in a three-electrode system. A symmetrical supercapacitor device assembled from CDP-PANI/PC electrodes retained over 81 % of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 5 A·g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and foldable supercapacitor electrodes fabricated by an in situ chemical polymerization method coating PANI on the surface and inside network of the CNFs (cellulose nanofibers)/MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) films are reported. Due to the porous 3D network structure of the aerogel-like CNFs/MWCNTs films made by an ethanol replacement treatment method, the CNFs/MWCNTs/PANI (polyaniline) electrodes get more PANI nanofibers inside of the porous CNFs/MWCNTs films and obtain a low charge transfer resistance (6.31 Ω) and a excellent specific capacitance (249.7 F/g at 10 mV/s). The low-cost, light-weight and flexible electrode materials may be potential applications for the high-performance flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of narrow absorption band and small absorption strength of dielectric loss material polyanline (PANI), this work turns non-magnetic PANI into organic magnet PANI (M-PANI) to increase the strength of the magnetic loss and the impedance matching by changing the morphology of PANI. The effects of dimer on PANI morphology, magnetic and absorbing performance are studied. This paper also proposes possible magnetization mechanisms of M-PANI. The mechanism of magnetism is may be generated by spin-polarized carriers in helical structure PANI. The enhanced microwave absorbing ability of M-PANI is related to its magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PANI/ferrocene/C-dots nanocomposite with a prominent microwave absorption property was synthesized by in situ polymerization of PANI/ferrocene and then incorporation of C-dots. The results of 1 H NMR and fluorescence spectra indicate that ferrocene has doped into backbone of PANI while C-dots combined with PANI and ferrocene via π-π interactions. The microwave absorption of PANI/ferrocene/C-dots is remarkably enhanced compared to those of PANI and PANI/ferrocene due to the inclusion of C-dots with very small size and thus high ratio of surface atomic and interfacial polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present investigation deals with the formation of ultra-long hairy polyaniline (PANI) nanowire synthesized via mechanochemical (solid state) polymerization method using ammonium peroxydisulphate (APS) as an oxidant and citric acid as a dopant. Solid state synthesis method is a simple mechanochemical route for synthesis of PANI. Granular nanostructure is observed for undoped PANI, whereas doping with citric acid facilitates the formation of nanowire structure. This is the first ever report of nanowire structure of PANI using mechanochemical route. Undoped PANI granules agglomerate directionally or arbitrarily to form rods or clusters. PANI nanowires agglomerate to form irregular structures. FTIR spectra prove successful formation of PANI. Smaller PANI nanoparticles are joined end-to-end by dopant to form ultra-long hairy nanowire. Citric acid doped PANI nanowire exhibits less thermal degradation and superior supercapacitative performance compared to undoped PANI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sandwich-structured nanosulfur@polyaniline/graphene (nanoS@PANI/G) composite was synthesized through a facile method: polyaniline is polymerized in-situ on graphene sheets and sulfur nanoparticles are deposited into polyaniline layer simultaneously. Such a hierarchical framework combines multiple advantageous features, including a continuous electrically conducting polyaniline@graphene network binding with sulfur nanoparticles, high flexibility accommodating volume expansion and porous space for adsorbing the polysulfides. The resulting composite delivers a high initial capacity of 1625 mA h g-1, remaining a reversible capacity of ~600 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles, making it a promising cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries with high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoporous TiO2 films were prepared on Ti foil by an electrochemical anodic oxidation method, and then deposited polyaniline (PANI) on the surface of TiO2 by cyclic voltammetry (CV). A chemical interaction between PANI and TiO2 was evidenced by several characterization techniques. After the deposition of PANI, the photocurrent enhanced from 3.18×10−5 A/cm2 to 8.15×10−5 A/cm2, and the composite films exhibited good stability over 3 months. The enhanced photocurrent can be attributed to the synergic effect between PANI and TiO2 which promoted the charge separation efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]