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This paper suggests a new business model based on modern technology for retail. In the age of digitalization, stationary retail is losing market shares to online retail. Therefore, there is an obvious need for change in businesses. The concept developed in this paper combines the strengths of online and stationary retail to benefit stationary retail. In the approach taken in this paper, the basis for change is modern technology. Finding innovative ways to use technologies like NFC, AI, and robotics is regarded as the key factor to sustainable success. As the implementation of modern technologies entails a particular investment, the customers’ opinion on structural changes like these has been included in the consideration. Therefore, a survey has been conducted to find out which level of innovation current customers are willing to accept thus emphasizing the need for certain changes and dissuading specific others. The result of this paper is the modern showroom concept which takes the customers’ opinion into account while implementing the right amount of technology that should pave the way to a sustainable future for stationary retail.

Performance management of employees is a significant function of modern human resource management practices. This paper tried to measure the effectiveness of the performance management system (PMS) of some selected Readymade Garment (RMG) factories with the aim to develop a tailored PMS for the management employees. Opinions of 266 employees were considered in this study and one-sample "t-test” was used to test twenty-four hypotheses developed through an extensive literature review. The study found efficiency of the RMGs in attaining the projected outcome of PMS. This paper is one of the pioneers in regards to RMG sector of Bangladesh and the research outcome of which will contribute to enriching the existing body of knowledge of employee performance management in this sector.

The stability of pension fund is very important for social welfare in general and for a sustainable economic development in particular. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the perception of employees on the mandatory pension savings in the case of Kosovo. Examining local and international literature, the method used in this study is the online questionnaire with a sample of 300 respondents employed in the private and public sector. The collected data were processed and tested through the IBM SPSS program where the descriptive analysis, frequencies, the cross-tabulation tables, Pearson correlation and Chi-Square test are used and presented in the study. The paper concludes that employees, regardless of age, the level of education and the sector in which they work, do not have any perception related mandatory pension savings in general. The result of Chi-Square Test also proves that the variables under analysis respondents' level of education and their perception to the right of the state to compulsory pension are not related to each other. The paper comes with some others conclusions and recommendations based on research findings.

In this growing competitive market, packaging has become a vital part of the selling process for communication and branding. However, due to the changes in consumer's lifestyle and increasing self-service usage, the packaging is considered a salient salesman for tangible products. So, there is a gap to explore how different combination of packaging elements can impact the buying decision process of FMCG products. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the influence of different visual and verbal elements on the purchase decision-making of Dhaka city consumers in the context of bar soap. The quantitative research method was adopted using data obtained from 243 residents from three different areas of Dhaka city.Data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with smartPLS version3.The paper concludes that packaging color and background image are significantly related to soap users' purchase decision-making. However, font style, shape, printed information, and materials are found insignificant in this study. Based on these findings, important implications and guidance are provided for the marketers.

The increase in the number of consumers who choose to focus on sustainable consumption has led companies to develop a series of solutions to match their needs and desires. Developing a brand that integrates the green philosophy of the organization can result in a heightened attachment to the brand from receptive consumers to the ecological principles. In this context, the concept of green brand has begun to attract the attention of many brand management practitioners and academics. However, at the organizational level, the decision to associate a series of green values with a brand is not a sufficient measure to classify the brand as a green brand. For this reason, it is necessary to define the concept of green brand, starting from the opinions expressed by the specialists in the field. Therefore, this paper follows an exploratory approach in terms of defining the green brand and highlighting its specific features. Additionally, the dimensions of brand equity will be customized for a green brand. At the practical level, companies have the possibility to create a new green brand or they can resort to a brand extension. These alternatives are presented in the paper.

This paper examines governance practices and their impact on the performance of selected Nepalese cooperatives. In order to address the objectives of the study, 400 sample members from eighteen primary cooperatives in provinces 3 and 6 of Nepal have been identified by stratified random sampling technique to collect primary data with a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS (version 23). Statistical tools like regression, correlation and chi-square tests were applied. The findings revealed that there is significant and positive relationship between professionalization; accountability and performance of cooperatives. Similarly, there are insignificant but positive relationships between participation; transparency and performance of cooperatives. However, there is an insignificant and negative relationship between legitimacy and performance of cooperatives. In conclusion, the performance of cooperatives depends on existence of factors of good governance such as legitimacy, participation, professionalization, accountability and transparency with honesty. On the basis of the study, it is concluded that good governance in cooperatives is the single most important panacea to uplift quality of life of members through economic, social, cultural and technological change in their practical lives. The paper contributes to the literature by identifying factors of good governance for performance of cooperatives from a developing country perspective.

This paper examines the problems facing the firms in their strategic alliances and the decision “alliance termination” for the problematic relationships. The study is based on qualitative data resulting from interviews with top level managers and executives in ten Romanian firms. We observed that the main problems facing the firms in our sample were: the insolvency, the less seriousness of some partners and the own rules imposed in the collaboration by the large firms. Moreover, the managers in our study argued that one collaboration should end when: the objectives were not met (or are on the way to not be accomplished), the partner becomes more unserious, and when there is a drop in the relational attributes (e.g. trust, honesty). The paper contributes to the literature on strategic alliances, specifically to the alliance problems and alliance termination topics. It has also managerial utility for latter stages in managing strategic alliances.

In this paper, several financial indicators at S.C.D.A. Simnic are investigated from a statistical point of view. Using the method of least squares, the mathematical functions that model the trend are found and with the help of which financial forecasts are made, also using the growth rates with a chain basis and a fixed basis for the time series corresponding to the period 20082022. Finally, an analysis is made of the correlations between these indicators, such as income, expenses, profit, assets, liabilities, stocks, receivables, capital and the results found are interpreted. Thus, the forecasts on the financial indicators and the correlations between them can be of great help in the management of a company, being able to contribute to the efficiency of the activity through adequate budget planning, performance evaluation, investment decision-making or human resources planning. They can help managers identify opportunities and risks, optimize the use of resources, and achieve better financial results for the firm. financial indicators, forecasts, time series, correlations

The success of the companies is credited to their capacity to generate change, developing or implementing new systems while it is admitted that success in the production area is based on monitoring the latest technologies and their transformation into viable products, on understanding current and future customer’s needs which can be satisfied with new or improved processes and products, taking into consideration the alignment with the uniqueness of the specifications or permanent adaptation to the market conditions. Companies need a long-term vision with the purpose of covering the demand through technology and generating new needs through research and development. This paper focus is on the technology-innovation-performance triadic model which is both a novel approach and a new integrative analysis. Trying to bridge the literature gap, the article proposes a discussion exploring the possible interlinks between the three elements of the triad. The results of this endeavor are twofold encouraging: (i) by underlying the investigation the potential of the triadic model technology-innovation-performance; and (ii) by implications for business managers, in general, and (in this particular case), for managers while making strategic decisions, considering the organization level. Mattel is a leading toy manufacturer which operates on a global level but also an entertainment corporation which aims to expand the content, the consumer products and to offer unique digital experiences. The company has been founded in more than 70 years ago in the United States and is operating in 35 countries through its own stores while offering their products to the public from more than 150 countries through accredited partners or resellers. The iconic Barbie doll and the famous Hot Wheels represent two of their most valuable brands, the products under this label being a subject to constant innovations during the time and succeeding to be considered the best-selling toys of the year for two consecutive years in a row, 2020 and 2021 while also being named the top global toy property. The currents study has the purpose to analyze the connection between innovation, technology and performance by highlighting the main elements that have conducted Mattel to the astonishing success which was achieved in the last years.

In this paper, the scientific articles from the Web of Science base were analyzed, which address the investment classification criteria by means of the bibliometric analysis. Querying the Web of Science database and applying filters revealed a sample of 273 articles. The distribution by years, by countries, by authors, by categories, by fields of research, by sustainable development goals of this sample was followed. Also, within the work, a qualitative analysis was carried out, following the words and phrases with the highest density in the studied articles. The investigation method was based on the PRISMA Statements methodology. To determine the correlations regarding the countries of origin of the authors, the Co-authorship filter was used with a minimum number of 10 documents/country and a minimum number of 11 citations/country, so out of 73 countries only 14 met the conditions for analysis. For the word density analysis, the co-occurrence filter was applied, with a minimum occurrence of 5, resulting in 37 words grouped into 5 clusters. To support the conclusions, the following classifications were analyzed: WOS Categories, Research Areas, Sustainable Development Goals, Citation Topics Micro. The results of the research constitute the starting point for future analyzes in the field of investments.

The fast and hectic life of professionals has created an essence of convenience and urgency in their activities and behavior. With the advent of technology and the swift internet era online activities are on a growing trend. This growing trend in online shopping has led to the consideration of this paper which aims to explore the role of individual income as a motivator of online shopping behavior. This study is descriptive in nature. It consists of primary survey of customers belonging to different individual income levels. The researcher has classified respondents on the basis of their individual income earned per annum into low, medium and high category. It investigates the influence of demographic factor income on shopping experiences of users of the major shopping websites of India. Data has been collected both from primary as well as secondary sources. The sampling technique used is convenience with a sample size of 755.The research results reveal that there is no significant effect of income on product categories purchased online. The effect of income on frequency of online shopping is not significant. There is no significant effect of income on payment mode in online shopping. Further there is no significant relationship between income and satisfaction in online shopping.The managers can benefit immensely from the results. Customers are offer driven in case of all items except necessary and emergency goods. The necessary items would sell even if there is no discount and offers on them. For other items offers and discounts influence the shopping behavior. The higher the offer the better the sale. Moreover to gain competitive advantage online marketers need to provide products and brands of higher value to customers. The cash on delivery facility should be applied to all product categories across the country so that every customer benefits from it. Care should be taken to manage reverse logistics as there should be a pick up facility from the delivered address if the product is not liked by the customer. Other services associated with the shopping process such as customer complaint handling and order processing should be made easier and smoother.This paper studies the gap in literature on motivator of individual income on online shopping trend. Extant literature has found studies on the relationship between household income and online shopping but not on individual income. Moreover the income has been categorized into low, medium and high levels of income as motivators for online buying behavior. It further draws on the research domino effects for implications for shopping website management and design, then suggests some ways to enhance performance for the website shopping industry.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the attractiveness of Bucharest and its perception by Russian tourists as well as to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the city and define the idea for positioning statement for this place. Bucharest has a deep history and cultural heritage that are highly appreciated by tourists seeking cultural tourism. Moreover, Bucharest had the nickname of "Little Paris" which implied the beauty of the city. Our study focuses mainly on the target audience of Russian people who appreciate cultural heritage. According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the number of Russians who visited Romania as tourists increased by 73% in the first quarter of 2015 (http://russtd.com/destinations/eastern-europe-loses-almost-half-russian-tourists-year). This increase is a positive sign as it means that Romania and Bucharest are becoming more and more attractive for Russian tourists. Tourists can bring many benefits to the place, both economic and social. In turn, new places with heritage can enrich tourists with new knowledge and broaden their erudition. The study allows us to understand the perception of Bucharest by Russian tourists and single out the key elements of the city of Bucharest. The key elements of the city of Bucharest are rooted in cultural heritage and authenticity, including different styles of architecture, Orthodox churches, classical and folk music, outstanding musicians and food. Bucharest might thus be offered the positioning as a mysterious authentic city revealing the coexistence of different times.To some extent this paper contributes to the understanding of the image of Bucharest in Russian tourists’ eyes, their associations and fears. It gives some insights into factors that make Russians choose touristic destinations. In addition, some ideas for the city positioning, logos and slogans can derive from this paper. The study can be useful for touristic agencies or for the Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism which deal with the touristic flow and country image.

This paper aims the investigation of the relationship between entrepreneurial phenomenon among young people in Romania and the business environment, strongly marked by innovation and new technologies, as pillars of sustainable development in the knowledge-based society. For achieving the paper’s goal there are used the results of a qualitative research based on in-depth interview which aim to identify the views and experiences of young entrepreneurs on the advantages and disadvantages of starting an innovative business in Romania. Data analysis allowed the formulation of some recommendations to state institutions, business environment and the academic community to support young entrepreneurs in developing their business right after the launch. Access to new funding sources, guidance and informational support are the principal needs for entrepreneurs in their struggle to develop innovative sustainable businesses. The strong promotion of young entrepreneurs inside their community or at national level contributes to the development of a strong entrepreneurial culture for Romania.

The goal of this paper is to explore the consequences of employee’s customer orientation in public services organizations. We will start with a literature review of the theory of customer orientation measurement and the consequences of this orientation at organizational and individual level. Then, the research methodology and results are presented. Conclusions, research limitations and future directions are included at the end of the paper. We identified positive direct effects of the employee customer orientation on organizational commitment and organizational identification, but no significant direct relationship with job satisfaction.

This paper aims to introduce a new strategic direction for the multinational pharmaceutical companies in terms of the access to essential, life-saving medicines. The multinational pharmaceutical companies have been severely criticized by their various stakeholders because of their business models, particularly because of the stringent patent protection on the pharmaceutical products. The multinational pharmaceutical companies should find a new strategic direction to balance their R&D-intensive, expensive business with the access to essential, lifesaving medicines since favorable public relations are critical for the multinational pharmaceutical companies to maintain their profitable business. This paper adopts an Analogical Reasoning Model (ARM) to propose a new strategic direction for the multinational pharmaceutical companies in an effort to balance their expensive business with the enhanced social responsibility. In essence, the ARM helps the multinational pharmaceutical companies formulate viable strategies that can realize a win-win situation not only for their stakeholders but also for the pharmaceutical companies themselves. The ARM is constructed, analyzing the food and beverage industry as a source environment, and suggests a comprehensive, industry-wide, multi-stakeholder public-private partnership, led not by the public sector but by the multinational pharmaceutical companies.

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to identify the preferences of the pre-pay mobile telecommunications services young users from Romania. Approach/ methodology: The analysis of the pre-pay mobile telecommunications services was made using statistical functions: descriptive statistics, t test, correlation and factor analysis. Results: According to the analysis made, we could underline the habits of usage from the part of pre-pay mobile telecommunications services consumers. Originality: The paper drew an objective analysis on the pre-pay mobile telecommunications services from the perspective of young consumers.

Innovation represents a widely debated topic in the context of current economy, being an opportunity to achieve corporate competitiveness within an environment of uncertainty. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of different innovation types on the innovative performance in the case of 31 European countries, using the simple and the multiple linear regressions across countries. In this regard we have considered different types of innovation, such as product, process, marketing and organizational innovation, while the innovative performance was synthetically expressed by Summary Innovation Index 2013.The main result of our study is that in order to achieve high innovative performance it is necessarily to implement product and process innovation simultaneously with organizational and marketing innovation. Thus, the findings of this paper can represent a guidance for companies to identify the most appropriate types of innovation that have the greatest influence on achieving high innovative performance.

The economic crisis, austerity measures and the new challenges of the 21st century have determined governments to adopt new tools of public actions in order to strengthen the policy capacity. A new paradigm was born, and its main feature is collaboration among government’s level (ministries) and between government and private sector. It brings new tools of public policy among others, and contracting out used by policymakers at various stages of public policy cycle and for different sets of reasons. This paper explores theoretically how this new approach strengthens the public policy capacity and provides evidence occurring in Romanian government practice. While, Romania has a legalistic, a normative approach of policy processes and street-level bureaucracies are guided by managerial targets and law, it starts to contract out some tasks that traditionally belong to government. The main scientific objective of this paper is to contribute an overall understanding of contracting out in public policy-making in Romania, particular in pensions system, focused on the rationality of introducing that.From a methodological standpoint, the paper relies on comprehensive and systematic search of the literature and document analysis (among others Annual Reports, authorities’ data, resume, obtained by using free accession to information) and statistics data processing (quantitative and qualitative interpretation of data from National Institute of Statistics).

This paper aims to advance the empirical understanding of global social entrepreneurship. Specifically, this paper aims to provide a new social entrepreneurship model, particularly on a global scale, introducing and examining two distinctive cases: Ashoka and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC). The ‘hybrid value chain’ suggested by Ashoka demonstrates that how business organizations and citizen-sector organizations can help each other in developing partnerships for various markets and communities in the world, addressing a variety of social needs. Presenting the ‘holistic approach to development,’ BRAC has been transferring its sustainable model, based on insights from Bangladesh but adapted to the local contexts of the countries, to several countries by creating prospects for the most disadvantaged people to overcome extreme poverty. This paper contributes to the current literature by highlighting how entrepreneurial efforts can create opportunities and launch ventures to satisfy social needs, balancing economic and social imperatives, on a global scale.

As a result of economic globalization, technological progress and population growth, changes occur in the structure of human resources, in all worlds’ economies. This paper presents the trends of human resources structure in the European Union and Euro zone. Using the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predictions on GDP, the paper tries to predict the future trends of human resources structure in the European Union. Following research I found there is an increase in services sector employment at the expense of industry and agriculture employment.

In this paper I identified and presented the role of ethics in the activity of the coaches. I highlighted the main issues the coaches confront in relationship with themselves or with the other participants. The morality of the coaches is important since they have an important influence on the players they train, acting, the same as the managers, as an ethic catalyst within the sport club. In this paper I presented the ethical level of the coaches from the municipal clubs of Romania, based on a sample of 40 coaches acting in 20 public sport clubs from Romania. The main finding of the paper is that the coaches demonstrated a good level of ethics in their activity.

This paper highlights the specific way for companies in high tech industry to develop their marketing activity. The companies in this industry are struggling to create and then sell a range of innovative products. High technology products are complex and they enhance a certain level of uncertainty regarding their utility. Due to their novelty (absolute or incremental) the products are accepted by consumers harder than the ordinary consumer products. This paper presents the main results of a qualitative marketing research based on the opinions of managers from high technology industry on specific marketing strategies and tools used to create and launch new products.

In this paper we realized a study regarding the concepts of trademark and brand. There are numerous confusions between the two concepts, among theorists and practitioners. We deepened the debate related to these terms, studying a series of articles and papers in the field. Our research showed that there are differences of substance between the two concepts. If the trademark identifies a property right over an enterprise or a product, the brand is the sum of meanings and significations of a product, beyond the utility of that product or the service.

Quality of work life is the beautiful experience which an employee feels about the job and work place. It gives benefit to the organisation as well as to the employees. This research paper studies the impact of personal factors of insurance company officers on the quality of work life. The total size of the sample is 340. To collect data, life insurance and general insurance company officers were considered for the study. Interview schedule method was administered to gather information. The collected data were processed and then analysed with the help of descriptive statistics method, t-test, and ANOVA method. The result of the study is discussed in the research paper.

All governments are judged depending he results supplied to society (more children educated, trains more on time, population health), but also on how well it supplies these results. The impulse towards promoting public policies, and the main motivation of the fact that they represent the core of the governmental activities, is found in the tension between the free market and the public sector. Promoting public policies derived from the need to earn the citizens’ support for implementing public policies. The paper objectives are: understanding the public marketing instruments and the analysis of the applicability of public marketing to public administration, of marketing instruments in promoting public policies. The general context of the work refers to marketing instruments, as object and subject of influence for the public policies process, knowing that marketing techniques have a considerable potential for facilitating the acceptance of public policies and of the programs meant for their implementation. In view of reaching the objectives of this paper, we used bibliographic research, the qualitative research and document analysis, as central data collection methods.

In this paper we analyzed the cirumstances of every day life which requires the need to adapt the leadership style. Leadership needs a lot of abilities and skills, including the capability to communicate. The paper deals with leader’s need of changing the style of leading as organizational circumstances change. The process is efficient only when the leaders and the followers have the right climate. The importance of this process is reflected in the productivity of the organization. As the economic climate changes the leadership style needs to be changed and also the style of communication throughout the leader coaches, coordinates, evaluates and supervises. Leadership is about organizing a group of people to achieve a goal. The leader may or may not have any formal authority. Students of leadership have produced theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence, among others. This paper describes the styles of leadership which the leaders must use and switch when is needed in comparison with what leadership is about.

The first questions that all scientists address when approaching a new domain are related to how well studied is the field, who and what has studied. The answers help them establish their personal areas of interest and contribution. Thus in order to help the authors concerned with the luxury domain we decided to conduct a secondary marketing research and the main purpose was to identify the studies and the trends in research in the area of marketing of luxury goods and their degree of approach, before 2005. The present study is only a part of a complex research that approaches the entire evolution in luxury research field, but due to space limitation papers were separated in two: the evolution before 2005 and the evolution after 2005. Unique by its theme, this paper is intended to be ambitious by analysing all the luxury materials to which had access the authors The results confirmed the previous statement of some authors that luxury was little researched comparing to other domains.

This paper presents the factors that influence the online marketing strategies of software vendors from Braşov County. An analysis of the software retailers’ attitudes from Braşov regarding online marketing and advertising was made. A survey among vendors from Braşov was undertaken and the results of this research show an orientation of lesser extent to online sales and marketing of the retailers’ activity. 20 responses were collected from software companies which trade software products and services in Braşov County. The results are very important for the companies that sell software products and services not only on the local market but also at national level. The paper presents the main reasons why software retailers from Braşov County, which is one of the most developed software markets in the country, have a lesser orientation towards online selling of software products and services. More than 400 companies involved in the software domain operate in Braşov City only. Research questions regarding the effects of the present economic situation, the online marketing strategies used in the software industry, and details about the online activity of each company where part of this research.

Economic and financial crisis persists and is aggravated by poor rates of economic growth recorded in 2011 and 2012. Considerable decrease in production due to reduced exports and domestic demand compression generating new unemployment and lower earnings. This paper presents the impact of the crisis on average and minimum wages in the European Union and Euro zone. Using the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predictions on GDP, the paper tries to predict the future trends of wages in the European Union.

This paper aims the difficult problem of creating new product concepts in thearea of high-technology and innovation. Because of scientific discoveries andimpressive development of technology, many companies compete for marketsupremacy on the technological innovations market. In a global market,which is currently in an economic and financial crisis, consumers make a newhierarchy of priorities in terms of expenditure and consumption. Therefore,companies that create new products must be very careful about 2 aspects,so the new product may not become a failure: the products positioning on themarket and the target group which they address to. This paper belongs to themarketing area by bringing into discussion theoretical concepts, by analyzingthe stages crossed by a company in the process of launching a new hightechproduct and crossing the abyss in the product adoption process byconsumers.

The aim of the paper is to study the product planning and positioning, factors influencing their price decision, selection of distribution and media channels by the Small-Scale manufactures in the leading industrial state of Punjab. In the era of globalization Small manufacturers are facing lot of problems in areas of marketing mix such as product planning and positioning, pricing and distribution issues. The entrepreneur’s perception relating to these various issues have been highlighted in this paper. Total 173 units manufacturing textiles, bicycle and bicycle parts, food products and beverages and leather and leather products have been surveyed. A number of statements indicating the marketing mix issues have been developed and the respondents were asked to express their level of agreement/disagreement with these statements on five-point Likert scale. Kruskal-Wallis test has been applied to know the significant differences among the respondents relating to different industries, age and turnover groups with respect to these statements. The test has been applied at assumed p-value =0.05. The statements with less than 0.05 p-value are considered significant and those with p-value more than the assumed value are considered to be insignificant. The major finding reveals that small manufacturers are not using well versed with the marketing mix techniques and do not use latest marketing tool such as e-marketing or web marketing. The promotion of the products by advertising is not prevalent among these units.

The paper contains the results of an interesting research done by the author in some multinational companies which have branches in Romania, mainly in Bucharest, Arad and Timisoara. The objective of the research paper was to find out some particular aspects of the corporate management taking into account some key variables like: corporate values, leadership style, strategic perspectives and communication. In order to do this research we have developed a special survey based on a questioner. The survey shown us how all these above mentioned variables are influencing the corporate management and how important is each of them within the management process. The results of these surveys gave us the possibility to find out the way in which corporate management is influencing and is influenced by the variables considered. Last part of the paper presents some conclusions of our survey and the most important changes which should be taken into account by the corporate management team members in order to be more efficient and effective in their work.

In this paper, I have done a research on the positioning of Romanian wines. The positioning is a necessary approach of brands to have a privileged position in the minds of consumers. In front of the keen foreign competition, the Romanian wine brands must assert a new identity to match the Romanian client's current lifestyle. The main objective of the research is the identification of the Romanian wine brand positioning. To achieve the objective of the research I have conducted a market research. The study was conducted on a sample of 100 respondents, consumers of Romanian wines. In the study, I have focused on a number of elements necessary for obtaining the positioning maps. Thus I tested the assisted and unassisted recognition of vineyards, the vineyards positioning depending on internal and international recognition and tradition / reputation, the vineyards positioning depending on the internal and international recognition and price, the vineyards positioning depending on sweet, red and light wines and on strong and dry wines. The positioning strategy will determine, on the one hand, the efficiency of the marketing activity at the level of consumer segment by obtaining a better image due to the high satisfaction of the specific needs, and on the other hand, the differentiation will enable to the company to gain competitive advantages, hence substantially increased profits. The theoretical contribution of this paper is to clarify the issues of positioning and to emphasize its importance. The practical contribution refers to the positioning of wines brands, which can be a model of reflection for each of the analyzed vineyards.

Being an individual sport, tennis often deals with a specific category of sponsoring: the endorsement. Tennis players and business organizations seek each other in order to sign partnerships from which both parties hope to win. Endorsements are among the most profitable income sources for professional athletes. By acting as ambassadors for their sponsors and by cedeing them the image usage rights, tennis players earn a lot. But, through the image association with the athlete, the sponsor also wins, by adding value to his image capital. This papers researches the particularities of tennis endorsements using the case of Roger Federer, one of the best tennis players in history and one of the best business partners in the world of sports for sponsoring companies. Thanks to his succes, Federer reached a level where not less than ten partners sponsor him yearly. The most interesting of these partnerships are presented in this paper.

The master of the ship is the person on the board who has the qualification and the necessary certificate of competency for running a maritime transport ship. He is the one who takes the ship into administration from the ship-owner, he is the only leader, the legal and direct chief of the entire crew, being invested with authority upon all the members of the crew. The master fulfils the attributes and displays his activity according to the legal laws of his flag, of the marine regulations and of the international conventions. In all the relationships which he establishes with physical or juridical people, the master represents the ship-owner, in a double condition, as an officer and as a commercial manager. In this paper, it is analysed the situation of the ship masters, the relationships which these masters have with the crew and the problems which appear during their voyage. At the end of the paper there are proposed measures to increase the quality of the training of the ship masters, to solve the situations connected with the members of the crew.

This paper ranks within the field of marketing research, being primarily aimed at identifying differences between the attitude of Romanian tourists as compared to that of foreign tourists with respect to hotel room arrangement - in which they were housed during their staying – respectively the assessment of culinary preparations of the location (the restaurant) where they most often served meals. This paper also presents those aspects they were satisfied with, they are not satisfied with and that the respondents would change or improve in the Centre Development Region. The quantitative marketing research took place in the Centre Development Region between 15.05.2009-17.10.2009. A total of 410 questionnaires have been included in this marketing research.

Relationship marketing (RM) was conceived as an approach to industrial and service markets, and was considered inappropriate in other marketing contexts. Recently, however, the domain of RM has been extended to incorporate innovative applications in mass consumer markets. Much has changed in a few short years. Recent applications of RM in consumer markets have been facilitated by developments in direct and database marketing within an increasingly competitive and fragmented marketplace. This paper presents a critical review of the history of RM in consumer markets, and incorporates important conceptual, practical, empirical and popular contributions. A number of critical issues which remain unresolved are identified in the paper. These form the basis of ten research propositions which are crucial to justifying and advancing the domain extension into consumer markets.

The relationship marketing aims the construction of a durable relation between the enterprise and the final client, identified at an individual level. The particular part of the relationship marketing has two main concepts: individuality and the relation. This paper presents the concepts of relationship marketing, database marketing and geomarketing. We present the importance of implementing a marketing database in a service providing enterprise and its implications on one hand for the client and on the other hand for the enterprise. The paper point out the marketing database instruments and the advantages for the elements of the marketing mix. The implementation of a marketing database will aid the enterprise to better target and attract the client, to transform them into loyal consumers and in the same time it can help refresh the image of the enterprise.

The paper presents the retail market in Romania, the main retailers and their evolution in our country. The theme is better highlighted in the foreign professional literature, but also Romanian economists analyzed some features of this subject. The purpose of this paper was to examine and interpret how Romanian retailers evolved during the period 2002-2009. A qualitative method was chosen for this research, and the empirical data was gathered from the companies in the Romanian retail sector. Primary data was collected through annual information from their websites, annual reports and different articles. The research is useful for companies, in order to understand and anticipate the tendencies in the field.

In the European countries life expectancy is growing, but people tend to retireearlier and earlier. The aim of our paper is to examine what measures theindividual European countries take in order to keep senior citizens on theirrespective job markets as long as possible. Our essay consists of three parts.In the first part we examine the reform of the pension system. In the secondpart we survey the changing in-company employment policies. In the thirdpart we examine the attempt of improvement of the employability of seniorcitizens themselves. The final conclusion of our paper can be summarised asfollows: senior employees in general represent a significant group in humanresources, the potentials of which ought to be and need to be utilized.Employers need to understand that the employment of senior people has itsadvantages. It is also very important to act accordingly.

Tourism and hotel business is becoming one of the leading industries of theworld. Therefore, an increased attention needs to be paid to the study oftrends in tourism because they determine the trends in hotel industry. Thepurpose of the paper is to point out the importance of hotel industry as one ofthe most important elements of development in tourist economies. The paperaims at introducing the newest trends in modern hotel industry and offering areview of the recent trends of demand and the directions of hotel industrydevelopment. The importance of hotel industry on both micro and macro, i.e.global level is increasing. Besides a series of theoretical representations andconclusions, this paper brings some concrete data and examples frompractice in hotel management.

The competitive potential of any company is significantly influenced by the brands held in the company’s portfolio. Brands are definitely valuable marketing assets. As the brand is a central element of any marketing strategy it is essential to be aware of the descriptive dimensions of its equity. This paper tries to outline these dimensions as follows: brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand perceived quality, brand personality, brand image, brand identity and brand associations, as analyzed in the specialized literature. Identifying and comparing different approaches regarding each brand equity dimension and revealing interdependencies between these dimensions, focusing on the importance of scientifically determining their role in generating a long-term increase in marketing efforts efficiency, are among the main objectives of this paper.

Retailing is carried on by those business which sell goods to the final consumer. The obvious example is provided by the shops we all know and deal with. The retailing stage, therefore, is the one where goods reach the end of their journey from the manufacturer. This does not that in those instances there is not retailing. The manufacturer or wholesaler who sells direct to the consumer is acting as a retailer; he adds retailing to his other activities. What ever channel of distribution is used, the retailing function always exists. In the past almost all retailers confined their activities to retailing; they did not combine it with other activities. These we can call “traditional” retailers. The functions of the traditional retailer where/and are: they break bulk into saleable portions; they put the goods in a saleable condition; they make goods immediately available to consumers; they measure consumer preferences. But the times have changed! In the “new” retailing the retailer provides a long range of services to whom he sells and to those from whom he buys. We’ll have in mind in this paper the refrigeration engineering and the “artificial cold”, the creative services at the point of sale (POS), the POS marketing, the marketing activities a the point of promotion (POP), the international diversity. In recent years most retail businesses tend to grow, and the statistics proves this, as it is shown in the paper.

The distribution of furniture has seen profound changes leading to accelerations of the dynamics of the competition environment, these changes being influenced, among other things, by the diversification of offer comprising new services. Today it seems essential to consider the distribution of furniture as an “industry that creates utility”. Indeed, the consumer is analyzed not only as a function of product characteristics, but as a set of utilities and advantages that distributions propose in their strategies of associated services. The services appear, in the same time, as variables which are applied by the distributor in his strategy to differentiate themselves and as utilities associated to the product, utilities which the consumer - as “problem-solver” - integrates in his decision making process. The consumer buys not just a simple product (furniture), but a global product which includes a sum of jointed attributes and utilities (proximity, product line, point of sale concept, information, warranty, etc.). This paper analyzes the services offer from the distribution of furniture as a method to solve the problems of furniture buyer. From this perspective the paper takes into consideration the various profiles of buying behavior, makes a critical analysis of the structure of services involved, defines a new structure of services based on the phases of buying behavior process.

The present paper contributes in a significant way to enriching the information accumulated so far on the managerial models adopted within the military institutions situated in the South-Western part of the country as well as the opportunities of improving their efficiency. Specifically, the main objective of the scientific research in question is to highlight how traditional managerial means and methods of increasing the group cohesion and the institutional efficiency are perceived within military units in the Oltenia region. The research methodology is represented by the questionnaire method, the answers given by the members of the studied sample providing a solid basis for the conclusions adopted on the optimal way to create a homogeneous and efficient collective. The results of the study carried out between October 2021 and February 2022 reveal that in military-type organisations, brainstorming and scenario-based analyses are considered the most appropriate methods of increasing group cohesion and organisational efficiency.

One of the major outcomes of digitalization has been the advent of Platform based business models which are covered under the larger ambit of sharing economy. As resources in the digital age is being shared and focus of these new age companies are on building a new kind of business models, pricing becomes the key. Especially, service pricing and how the same will hold forth here in shared economy. The paper is an attempt to look at two contrast markets, China and India and to assess how the pricing is managed on shared platforms. For Didi Chuxing in China and Uber in India, the context of service pricing and how regulated versus unregulated markets operate. A conceptual framework at the end gives a possible direction to understand the dimension of service pricing in emerging markets.

This paper aims to assess the effects of agricultural Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) on the sustainable development of agricultural holdings in Cameroon. The data used are secondary data from the World Bank, the WGI, and the INS, namely the Balance of Payment of Cameroon (BP). The study period is from 1977 to 2018. An environmental performance index measures environmental sustainability. In addition, we use the Co-integration model of Engle and Granger for the case of time series as a methodological tool for secondary data. The estimation results of the model show that environmental pollution evolves according to the entry of FDI in the agricultural sector in Cameroon. Thus, the pollution haven hypothesis is verified in Cameroon. Therefore, we propose that the negative impacts of FDI on the sustainable development of agricultural holdings in Cameroon be seriously controlled.

This paper presents, among other aspects, features related to tourist resources in Sălaj County, a county that, although it has some problems related to human resources due to emigration, being rich in natural beauty has a remarkable tourist potential for different types of sustainable tourism. Also, an extremely relevant analysis is performed, such as the one referring to the situation of the tourist offer, materialized in structures of tourist reception, arrivals and overnight staying, for the period 2015-2020. Following the analysis, certain recommendations are stated to improve the tourism management of the region.

Training and personal development programs (TPDPs) positively impact the employees’ skills and knowledge, impelling the organizational performance. Thus, TPDPs are responsible for improving overall performance, productivity, and profitability. In this paper, we approach relationships among training, employees' performance, satisfaction, and turnover within private and public organizations in Romania from an empirical point of view. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships among research variables, obtained by applying a questionnaire to employees of organizations that have conducted TPDPs. The research results show a positive influence of TPDPs on employee performance and satisfaction and a negative influence on employees' turnover rate.

This study aims to find out how professional football clubs purposefully operate as business-oriented organisations rather than sporting and recreational organisations. Over the decades, there have been increased football seasonal operations informed by business with huge marketing activities to achieve maximally in the business environment. In addition, it has been noted that some football clubs are striving to make profits using strategic marketing opportunities that support and connect with playing games or matches. The foundation of business is based on profit, which usually emanates through the type of players and coaches that are recruited, which determines several other openings, such as marketing strategy, etc. The number of marketing activities engaged by clubs’ in recent years in their seasonal operations is unquantified, which poses a challenge in achieving club objectives (i.e., sporting, and recreational activities). This paper investigates the exorbitant use of marketing by the clubs to maximise profit rather than achieving professionalism in the sports and recreational services in their immediate sporting environment. A sample size of 150 professionals was taken from five potential professional football clubs located within the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The findings of this study confirm that marketing is vital for football clubs to succeed and that marking is relevant to clubs’ seasonal successes. The study concludes that it is important for the football club marketing managers to consider corporate marketing activities for the development of appropriate marketing actions that will allow them to remain competitive both in business and in recreation.