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Employing the medium of science fiction as a tool for both entertainment and serious inquiry, this paper utilizes a high-altitude overview of 17th and 18th century English colonial history as a case study to contemplate the potential future development of space law by a small extraplanetary community faced with the possibility of extinction. The analysis will follow a three-chapter structure, aiming to explore potential futures by considering the past, in hopes that future human expansion beyond the Earth succeeds without repeating those transgressions perpetrated by European, English and--eventually--American imperialism. The first chapter will examine the legal history of self-subsistent English colonies in North America and Australia, observing how these fledgling societies created new legal regimes by incorporating both their European legal heritage and novel concepts of law influenced by a new (to them) and uniquely challenging environment. Chapter Two will then present informed observations--based on certain historical precedents set by previous colonial societies--as to how a newly created Martian settlement might adapt its 21st-century legal heritage to accommodate the needs of a community on the edge of oblivion, anticipating that such a community will likely reshape its inherited legal framework in the interest of its long-term survival. Finally, Chapter Three will analyze how a fragile planetary settlement might defend its potentially novel (and likely controversial) actions under general international law, with special consideration for its potential exercise of self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current and further predicted increase of objects launched into outer space brings with it endless opportunities but also growing risks. Among those risks is an increase in harmful interference with radio frequencies. Harmful interference can interrupt the functioning of satellite systems thereby causing significant financial losses to satellite operators and potentially causing more acute danger if the interrupted satellite transmissions have safety or security implications. International space law and especially the International Telecommunications Union provide substantive rules intended to prevent and resolve harmful interference. However, as with international space law in general, these rules, while substantive in nature, lack an efficient and binding dispute settlement mechanism available to private parties. To the extent that the prevention of harmful interference is often agreed in contractual instruments negotiated by different satellite operators, this article argues that the parties to these so-called coordination agreements should consider agreeing to refer any future disputes relating to their agreements to international arbitration thus ensuring the availability of an efficient dispute settlement mechanism for any harmful interference disputes they might face in relation to these agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space activity is growing at an exponential rate, with world powers heightening their military capabilities and non-State actors using military-able space technology. The rapid development in space military technology has created the real possibility that the next arms race will occur in outer space. Further, the war in Ukraine has showcased the impacts of unilateral military acts of aggression, emphasising the urgent need to address the global issue of space weaponization. This article will consider the gaps in the current international space law agreements relating to space weaponization. Then, the article will explore the conceptual challenges for bridging these normative gaps, with the potential for a soft law approach as a way forward. This article places a spotlight on the urgency for the international community to negotiate and develop appropriate regulations for space weaponization before outer space becomes a warfighting domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the end of the Cold War, a dramatic swift has been observed in the space activities of States. Whereas in the beginning the various space programmes where more peace-oriented, the increased commercialization of outer space led to the need to increase defensive technology in space as well. The problems arising out of the intensified militarization of outer space over the last decades form part of the analysis of the present Article. The interrelation of general international law and of space law is at the background of all relevant argumentation presented in this paper. The modern trends in State practice are also presented and analysed, within the context of the current legal regime. Suggestions and comments on the different proposals presented for solving the problems, real or fictional, of space law, have been included in the Article. The conclusion drawn from the research performed for the writing of this paper indicates that the current legal regime governing space law is sufficient for the regulation of almost all issues created by modern technology. The only necessary change is that of a change of attitude and conviction of the States towards the law, and perhaps a few minor adjustments to address completely novel concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverging from the current paradigm that spacecraft exclusively operate within the vacuum of outer space, current engineering efforts are seeking to create spacecraft that can exploit the aerodynamic forces of the upper atmosphere in order to implement a trans-atmospheric, aeroassisted maneuver. By transcending both the airspace and outer space environments, aeroassisted maneuver represent a source of potential air and space law challenges arising due to current ambiguities surrounding atmospheric delimitation debate as well as the question of airspace sovereignty limits vis-a-vis space law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on evolution, development and significance of the concept of metalaw under the analysis of approaches applied by the space law practitioner Andrew G. Haley. Topics discussed include international space law, natural law theory and International Astronautical Federation in Rome, Italy.

The article presents information on challenges related to growing need of different militaries for accession to the space-based information. Topics discussed include government-sponsored hosted payloads, resilience of US national security space systems and law of armed conflict. It informs that multiple forces are working to destabilize the important asymmetric advantages of the space systems of the U.S.

The article presents information on significance of space laws assisting in the protection and preservation of archives or manuscripts of the Outer Space Treaty (OST), formally known as the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. It focuses on the preservation of the archived evidences and collections of the works of space law practitioner Andrew G. Haley.

The article presents information on significance of the application of the doctrine of lex specialis in space law and its impact on the development of the fundamental principles of international space law. Topics discussed include nature of existing international space law, application of terrestrial international law and soft law regulation to explore the outer space activities. It also discusses comments of space law practitioner Andrew Haley over the development of international space law.

The article offers information on the challenges related to the developing problems presented by the space trash or the orbital debris, which reflects the danger of collision between two physical objects in the space. It recognizes the efforts of the NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office and International Space Station (ISS) to avoid the loss of space assets. It presents a table of the depicting the payloads and debris by different contributing countries including China, Russia and the U.S.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including space law, threats to the artificial satellite Sputnik I, and military space.

A bibliography on the subject of aviation and space law is presented, in which it discusses several Court cases including Tinicum Twp. v. United States DOT, Robinson v. Napolitano and United States v. Smith.

The article presents information on the basic legal concepts used by Chinese legal professionals and Western legal professionals to eliminate the misunderstanding caused by translation problems. It addresses the confusion which has been raised by the terms used in space treaties such as the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Agreement. It suggests solutions regarding responsibility of space activities including the terms of a claimant State, procure the launching and international liability.

The article focuses on the elaboration of national space legislation in Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands related to regulate small satellite programs. It informs that these States will be responsible or liable for space activities under the international law because of the pertinent provisions in the United Nations (UN) treaties on outer space or under customary international law. It also discusses the UN programme on space applications in order to promote the use of space technology.

The article presents information on the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) and the adoption of Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities for addressing the existing dispute resolution mechanisms based on international space law. The introduction of such outer space rules in education and other academic community is discussed. The use of these rules in the practice of law is also discussed.

A bibliography on the subject of space law abortion is presented which includes the case Oxford Aviation, Inc. v. Global Aero., Inc., article "Military use of civil-registered aircraft," by Ian S. Henderson and Duncan P. Blake and book "International Air Law and ICAO (2012)," by Michael Milde.

The article presents information the optimization on the use of orbits during space services by the International Telecommunication Union of the United Nations. The reservation of orbital capacity referred to as paper satellite problem and the adoption of financial and administrative due diligence measures is discussed. The applicable legal rules, free use of outer space and limits on the use of orbital slots are also discussed.

The article presents information on the adoption of the Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of all States by the General Assembly of United Nations. The legal and political background behind its adoption and its role in the formation of customary rules for international law is discussed. The related legal effects and the lack of law enforcement mechanism are also discussed.

A bibliography on the subject of aviation law and space law is presented which includes the article "Developments in Space Security and Their Implications," by P.J. Blount, the book "Aviation Insurance," by Rod D. Margo and also several judicial cases in the U.S.

The article discusses the enactment of Title 51 of the U.S. Code which refers to the National and Commercial Space Programs. The act aims to codify certain existing laws on national and commercial space programs to be part of the U.S. Code as a positive law. Details on its policy provisions, general programs, commercial opportunities and conforming amendments to other laws are offered.

The article discusses the enactment of certain laws related to national and commercial space programs in the U.S. It mentions that the enactment proposal is prepared by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the U.S. House of Representatives, which enacts the bill into the U.S. Code as a positive law. It notes that the bill is made with several revisions in response to the comments received.

The article discusses the evolution of the U.S. national space law since its inception in 1958. The author discourses the first goals of the country's space law in the 1950s and the issues raised by the application of launch and remote sensing technologies in space programs in the 1990s. She also looks into several issues that might affect national space exploration activities such as the licensing of commercial orbital space flights.

The article discusses the positive law codification of space programs under Title 51 of the U.S. Code. The author states that Title 51, which is titled "National Aeronautics and Space Program," is a restatement of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, which is the source of national and commercial space program law in the country. He adds that Title 51 also looks into the provision of aeronautics research and education by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

A bibliography on the subject of aviation and space law is presented which includes the article "Ensuring Regional Safety in Air Transport," by Ruwantissa Abeyratne, the book "Civil Aviation Law in the People's Republic of China," by Zang Hongliang and Meng Qingfen, and the court case of Rogers v. State.

The article discusses the role of Moon Agreement in the commercial exploitation of the moon and of its natural resources. It says that various States are trying to send a manned mission to the Moon including China, India, and the U.S. which opened a debate on space law regime's ability to ensure a profitable development of lunar activities. However, the Moon Agreement fails to create a legal regime in governing such exploitation and has negative impact on the development of lunar resources.

The article focuses on Japanese regulations concerning remote sensing activities and the implications of Pacific Rim space law and activities. Article 35 of the Basic Space Law, the first national space legislation of Japan adopted on May 21, 2008, indicates that Strategic Headquarters shall enact laws for purposes including public safety. Moreover, the Greenhouse gases observation SATelite (GOSAT) data policy became the standard for distribution of data from governmental satellites.

A foreword to the "Journal of Space Law" is presented.

The article discusses the new legal paradigm for bridging the unsettled gap between outer space and airspace. It states that the new legal approach, which is called the Orbit Law, recommends the synergism of flight's spatial/functional demarcation and proposes legal rules that are combined from existing space law and air law. It adds that the Orbit Law depends on orbital status in identifying the relevant principles used to such flight.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including space law, low-cost satellite mission, and operation of micro satellites and also presents a call for papers on legal problems related to human activities in outer space.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the law codification of space programs in the U.S., national and commercial space programs and the issues surrounding the national space law.

A foreword to the law periodical "Journal of Space Law" is presented.