1. Free Gingival Grafts: Graft Shrinkage and Donor-Site Healing in Smokers and Non-Smokers
- Author
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Antonio Wilson Sallum, Érica Del Peloso Ribeiro, Cléverson O. Silva, and Dimitris N. Tatakis
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gingiva ,Dentistry ,Postoperative Hemorrhage ,Mandibular incisor ,Epithelium ,Surgical Flaps ,Free gingival graft ,Cigarette smoking ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,Humans ,Periodontal Pocket ,Medicine ,Gingival Recession ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Wound Healing ,Palate ,business.industry ,Dental Plaque Index ,Graft Survival ,Smoking ,Surgery ,Transplantation ,Tissue and Organ Harvesting ,Keratins ,Periodontics ,Female ,Periodontal Index ,Gingival Hemorrhage ,business ,Wound healing ,Follow-Up Studies ,Gingival margin - Abstract
Background: This prospective clinical study aims to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on free gingival graft (FGG) healing, by assessing FGG dimensional changes and donor-site wound healing. Methods: Twelve non-smokers and 10 smokers treatment planned for FGG to augment keratinized tissue dimensions in the mandibular incisor area completed the study. All subjects received standardized FGG of same dimensions. Probing depth, gingival margin position, clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue (KT) width, gingival thickness, and FGG dimensions (width, length, and area) were assessed and recorded before surgery, and 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively. The palatal donor area was evaluated for immediate bleeding and complete wound epithelialization. Differences between the two groups (smokers and non-smokers) were statistically analyzed. Results: FGG dimensions changed significantly postoperatively. At 90 days postoperatively, FGG width, length, and area were respectively reduced by 31%, 22%, and 44% in nonsmokers and by 44%, 25%, and 58% in smokers (no significant differences between groups; P >0.05). Significant KT increases were observed in both non-smokers and smokers (5.4 and 4.8 mm, respectively). Donor-site immediate bleeding was significantly more prevalent in non-smokers (75%) compared to smokers (30%) (P = 0.04). At 15 days postoperatively, donorsite complete epithelialization was much more prevalent in non-smokers (92%) than in smokers (20%) (P
- Published
- 2010